当期目录

2023年, 第53卷, 第3期　刊出日期：2023-03-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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羟乙基纤维素/纳米纤维素稳定的Pickering乳液及其流变特性研究 Study on Pickering emulsion stabilized by hydroxyethyl cellulose/nanocellulose and its rheological properties 丁正青, 吴颖异, 王维运, 黄旭娟, 蔡照胜 2023 (3):  245-252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.001 摘要 ( 433 )   HTML ( 43 )   PDF(4471KB) ( 341 )   以纤维素粉（α-Cellulose）为原料，通过酸水解法制备得到纳米纤维素（CNC），并对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征。选用大豆油为油相，羟乙基纤维素（HEC）/CNC复合物为乳化剂，制备得到稳定的Pickering乳液。研究CNC质量分数、油水体积比和HEC质量分数对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响，并通过流变学的手段对其进行分析。结果表明，随着HEC质量分数的增加，Pickering乳液稳定性增强。在油水体积比为8∶2，CNC质量分数为0.2%和HEC质量分数为0.4%时，乳液稳定性最强，其乳滴粒径约为20 μm，稳定时长可达100天以上。与单独使用CNC稳定的Pickering乳液相比，HEC/CNC复合物稳定的Pickering乳液具有更强的稳定性和更小的液滴直径。HEC/CNC复合物稳定的Pickering乳液呈现“剪切变稀”的流变特性，即溶液中HEC质量分数增加时，乳液剪切黏度随着剪切速率的增大而降低，剪切应力则相应地增强。 Nanocellulose （CNC） was prepared from α-Cellulose by acid hydrolysis method, and its structure and micromorphology were characterized. Pickering emulsion was prepared by using soybean oil as the oil phase and hydroxyethyl cellulose （HEC） and CNC as mixed emulsifiers （HEC/CNC）. The emulsion type was determined to be W/Oemulsion by dilution method. The thermal stability of the Pickering emulsion was tested, and the results showed that the stability of the Pickering emulsion stabilized by HEC/CNC was stronger than that of the Pickering emulsion prepared by CNC. The effects of CNC mass fraction, oil-water ratio, and HEC mass fraction on the stability of Pickering emulsion were studied. The rheological properties of Pickering emulsion stabilized by HEC/CNC were analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of HEC mass fraction, the stability of Pickering emulsion was enhanced. When the oil-water ratio was 8∶2, the CNC mass fraction was 0.2% and the HEC mass fraction was 0.4%, the Pickering emulsion exhibited the strongest stability, and its emulsion droplet size was approximately 20 μm. The Pickering emulsion stabilized by HEC/CNC thus prepared could be stable for 100 days. The Pickering emulsion stabilized by HEC/CNC had stronger stability and smaller droplet diameter than that of the CNC-stabilized Pickering emulsion. The Pickering emulsion stabilized by HEC/CNC exhibited a rheological property of “shear-thinning”. When the HEC mass fraction in solution was increased, the shear viscosity of the emulsion decreased with the increase of shear rate. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Mg2+，Al3+和Fe3+对氟磷灰石表面性质的影响 Effects of Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ on the surface properties of fluorapatite 姜春燕, 敖先权, 曹阳, 陈鸿, 李松鸿 2023 (3):  253-259.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.002 摘要 ( 147 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF(1351KB) ( 720 )   矿物表面性质是影响其分散聚集和浮选行为的主要因素，通过溶液化学分析计算、浊度、接触角及Zeta-电位测试分析，研究了矿浆中，Mg2+，Al3+，Fe3+等金属离子对氟磷灰石（FAP）表面性质的影响。结果表明：金属离子在溶液中的存在形式随pH值的变化而改变，FAP是亲水性矿物，添加Fe3+对FAP的润湿性影响受pH的影响较大，在酸性环境中，Fe3+对FAP的亲水起促进作用，在中性及碱性环境下，Fe3+能较好地抑制FAP的亲水。Mg2+和Al3+受pH的影响较小，在中性环境下Mg2+，Al3+离子均抑制FAP的润湿性。在pH=3~11范围内，Mg2+主要以+2价的离子存在，压缩FAP表面双电层；Al3+和Fe3+主要是通过水解的作用生成氢氧化物沉淀覆盖在FAP表面，并且Mg2+，Al3+，Fe3+均会破坏FAP的分散性，促使FAP发生聚沉现象。 Phosphate rock flotation is a widely used method in phosphate rock processing in which aimed minerals are selectively separated from gangue minerals based on the difference in surface wettability. Due to its associated minerals in phosphate rock, there is always a lot of Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ in phosphate rock slurry. The existence of metal ions, whose forms are changed with slurry pH, can affect the flotation operation by adsorption on the mineral surface. The surface properties of minerals are the main factors affecting their dispersion, aggregation, and flotation behavior. Herein, the influences of unavoidable metal ions, including Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+, on the surface properties of fluorapatite （FAP） in pulp were studied by solution chemical calculation, turbidity, contact angle and Zeta-potential test. The results showed that the forms of metal ions in solution vary with pH. FAP is a hydrophilic mineral, and the influence of adding Fe3+ ions on the wettability of FAP was greatly affected by pH. In acidic environment, Fe3+ ions could promote the hydrophilicity of FAP, while in neutral and alkaline environment, Fe3+ ions could inhibit the hydrophilicity of FAP. The effects of Mg2+ and Al3+ ions were less affected by pH, and both Mg2+ and Al3+ ions inhibited the wettability of FAP in neutral environment. In the range of pH 3-11, Mg2+ mainly existed as divalent ions, which compressed the double layer on the FAP surface. Al3+ and Fe3+ mainly generated hydroxide precipitation through hydrolysis to cover the surface of FAP. Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions would destroy the dispersity of FAP and promote the coagulation of FAP. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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头发与头皮护理的科学基础（Ⅲ）——头发的力学性能 Scientific foundations of hair and scalp care （Ⅲ）Mechanical properties of human hair 吴雨闻, 卞筱颖, 岳岭佳, 常宽, 王靖 2023 (3):  260-270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.003 摘要 ( 445 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF(2916KB) ( 573 )   力学性能的好坏是衡量头发健康与否的重要标准之一。健康的发束，头发力学性能优异，而受损发束会在日常梳理中发生断裂。然而，头发并非单一均质材料，因此对其力学性能进行系统、科学的表征较为复杂。基于此，本文介绍了头发力学性能的测试方法以及拉伸曲线的含义，阐述了头发内部结构和组成对拉伸性能的影响，列举了数种影响头发拉伸性能的因素并分析了市面上几种提升头发拉伸性能的原料及其作用机理，以期对护发产品中具有发丝强韧效果的成分以及新产品的开发提供参考。 The strength of mechanical properties is one of the most important criteria to measure the health conditioner of the hair. In healthy hair bundles, hair fiber processes excellent mechanical properties, while damaged hair bundles can break during daily combing. However, hair fiber is not a homogeneous material, so it is complicated to characterize its mechanical properties systematically and scientifically. Based on this point, this paper summarizes the testing methods of hair mechanical properties and the meaning of tensile curves, describes the influence of hair internal structure and composition on tensile properties, lists several factors affecting hair tensile properties and introduces several commercially available ingredients to enhance hair tensile properties and their mechanisms of action. This review is expected to provide a reference for the development of new hair care actives and products with hair strengthening effect. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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一种聚羧酸盐共聚物的合成及其助洗性能研究 Synthesis and washing aid properties of a polycarboxylate copolymer 高党鸽, 李鹏宇, 于淑珍, 刘伟, 吕斌 2023 (3):  271-278.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.004 摘要 ( 170 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF(1463KB) ( 141 )   以环氧琥珀酸（ESA）、丙烯酸（AA）、烯丙基磺酸钠（SAS）和丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPA）为原料，通过溶液聚合法合成了聚羧酸盐共聚物Poly（ESA-AA-SAS-HPA）。采用FT-IR，1H NMR，TG，DLS对其结构进行了表征。考察了螯合pH、温度及助剂质量分数等因素对Poly（ESA-AA-SAS-HPA）助洗性能的影响。结果表明：与三聚磷酸钠相比，其具有良好的助洗性能，鳌合量为308.7 mg/g、钙分散力为101.5 mg/g。同时，Poly（ESA-AA-SAS-HPA）与十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）有良好的协同作用，可将体系表面张力降至45 mN/m。 Poly（ESA-AA-SAS-HPA） was synthesized by solution polymerization from epoxy succinic acid （ESA）, acrylic acid （AA）, sodium allyl sulfonate （SAS） and hydroxypropyl acrylate （HPA）. It was characterized by FT-IR,1H NMR, TG and DLS. The effects of chelating pH, temperature and additive mass fraction on the washing aid performance of Poly（ESA-AA-SAS-HPA） were investigated. The results show that, compared with sodium tripolyphosphate, it has good washing aid performance, with the chelating amount of 308.7 mg/g and the calcium dispersing power of 101.5 mg/g. Poly（ESA-AA-SAS-HPA） has good synergism with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate （LAS）, which can reduce the surface tension of the system to 45 mN/m. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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耐温缓交联有机锆冻胶压裂液的制备与性能评价 Preparation and performance evaluation of organic zirconium gelled fracturing fluid with high temperature resistance and slowly-cross-linking 斤朕, 张春生 2023 (3):  279-284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.005 摘要 ( 154 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1218KB) ( 174 )   针对目前现场常用的压裂液耐温性差、交联时间短及残渣含量高等诸多问题，以氧氯化锆、多元醇、有机配体、络合交联剂和高温稳定剂等原料成功合成了有机锆交联剂YJ-3，并选用聚丙烯酰胺类稠化剂RG-1和添加剂制备出一种耐温缓交联有机锆冻胶压裂液体系。采用单因素试验对交联剂YJ-3和稠化剂RG-1质量分数进行了优化，进而评价了该压裂液体系的性能指标。实验结果表明：压裂液的较优配方组成为0.50% RG-1+2.0% YJ-3+0.15% Na2S2O3+0.8%助排剂，该体系交联时间在3~45 min之间可调，90 ℃和150℃时在170 s-1速度下剪切2 h后黏度仍高于50 mPa·s，携砂性能和滤失性明显优于常规瓜胶压裂液体系，在1~3 h内可实现完全破胶，无残渣、易于返排，是一种性能优良的耐温缓交联型低伤害压裂液，具有广阔的现场应用前景。 To solve the problems of poor temperature resistance, short cross-linking time and high residue content of fracturing fluids commonly used in field, an organic zirconium cross-linking agent YJ-3 was successfully synthesized from zirconium oxychloride, polyols, organic ligands, complex cross-linking agent and high temperature stabilizer. On this basis, a temperature resistant and slowly-cross-linking organic zirconium gelled fracturing fluid was prepared by selecting polyacrylamide thickener RG-1 and additives. Mass fractions of YJ-3 and RG-1 were optimized by single factor method, and the performance indexes of the fracturing fluid system were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the optimal composition of the fracturing fluid was 0.50% RG-1+2.0% YJ-3+0.15% Na2S2O3+0.8% cleanup additive. The cross-linking time was adjustable between 3 and 45 min. The viscosity was still higher than 50 mPa·s at 90 ℃ and 150 ℃ after shear at 170 s-1 for 2 h. The sand-carrying performance and filtration property were obviously better than that of conventional fracturing fluid system based on guar gum. Fracturing fluid could be completely broken within 1-3 h, without residue and easy to flow back. It is a kind of temperature-resistant, slowly-cross-linking and low-damage fracturing fluid with excellent performance, which has a broad application prospect. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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产微球茎属（Microbulbifer sp.）FG4菌株琼胶酶功能基因的克隆与表达 Cloning and expression of a novel gene encoding agarase from Microbulbifer sp. FG4 张力雄, 刘明明, 陈良, 方再光 2023 (3):  285-291.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.006 摘要 ( 135 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1731KB) ( 170 )   以FG4菌株琼胶酶基因侧翼序列为基础，构建重组质粒与载体，从而获得高效产琼胶酶的表达菌株。本研究利用染色体步移法获得FG4菌珠琼胶酶基因功能的侧翼序列之后，将基因组端序列克隆基因片段与表达载体进行重组，并转入到受体细胞BL21中，在鉴定表达菌株的成功构建后利用IPTG诱导表达琼胶酶。实现产微球茎属（Microbulbifer sp.） FG4菌株琼胶酶功能基因的克隆与表达，以期为琼胶酶类在不同领域的实际应用提供理论支持。 Based on the flanking sequence of the agarase gene of FG4 strain, the recombinant plasmid and vector were constructed to obtain the engineering strain which could express the agarase efficiently. In this study, the flanking sequence of FG4 agarase gene is obtained by chromosome walking. The cloned gene is recombined with the expression vector pET-22b （+）and transferred into the recipient BL21. After the successful construction of the expressed strain, the expression of agarase is induced by IPTG and the optimal fermentation conditions of the expressed strain are explored. This strain ensures the catalytic activity of agarase and lays the foundation for the agarase-based pharmaceutical industry, daily chemical industry and food industry. The cloning and expression of agarase gene from Microbulbifers sp. FG4 strain of Microbulbifers provides theoretical support for agarase application in different fields. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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糙米发酵滤液—— 一种具有抗衰老潜力的物质 Fermented brown rice filtrate: a substance with anti-aging potential 戴丽云, 魏玉洁, 陆震, 王玉玲, 颜欢, 吴越 2023 (3):  292-299.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.007 摘要 ( 449 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF(3075KB) ( 246 )   本研究以糙米水为底物，通过微生物发酵技术制备了糙米发酵滤液。通过对比发酵前后滤液，发现发酵可以增加可溶性固形物以及小分子物质含量。通过人类永生化表皮细胞（HaCaT）活性实验及DPPH自由基清除实验对发酵前后滤液进行功效比较。发酵前糙米滤液只有较弱的DPPH自由基清除能力，而糙米发酵滤液具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力，并能提高HaCaT细胞活性。进一步研究发现，糙米发酵滤液能够减少细胞内ROS生成、提高细胞自噬标记物LC3B表达、以及减少糖化导致的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白流失。当作用于HaCaT细胞时能够促进透明质酸（HA）的生成和其受体CD44的表达。当作用于人原代成纤维细胞（FB）时能够促进胶原蛋白的生成。本研究表明，糙米发酵滤液具有多方面抗衰老的潜在能力。 In recent years, brown rice has gained growing attention due to its obvious advantage of being rich in bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging potential of fermented brown rice filtrate （FBR） by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cosmetics. Results for the FBR were compared to the brown rice aqueous solution （BR） that was not fermented. In this study, the total matter content of brown rice is almost unchanged before and after fermentation, but the small molecular matter increases obviously. In a DPPH free radical scavenging test, the antioxidant activity is greater in FRG compared to RG. In a human epidermal keratinocyte （HaCaT） proliferation test, FBR with a volume fraction of 0.2% and 1% shows the high proliferative capacity, while the BR with a volume fraction of 1% is characterized by high cytotoxicity to HaCaT. Meanwhile FBR shows anti-aging activity by increasing the expression of autophagy marker LC3B and Collagen I after AGEs-treated, while decreasing intracellular ROS production. Further study shows that FBR can promote the production of hyaluronic acid （HA） and the expression of its receptor CD44 in HaCaT, and enhance the expression of collagen I in human primary fibroblasts （FB）. Taken together, these data indicates that FBR has the potential of anti-aging may be applied to cosmetics products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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细梗蔷薇愈伤组织提取物在人真皮成纤维细胞及3D表皮模型上的护肤功效探究 Study on skin care effects of Rosa graciliflora callus extract in human dermal fibroblast cells and 3D epidermal model 李惠玲, 周春霞, 章漳 2023 (3):  300-307.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.008 摘要 ( 180 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF(1511KB) ( 265 )   通过植物组织培养技术得到细梗蔷薇（Rosa graciliflora）愈伤组织，利用纯水超声提取和真空冷冻干燥工艺获得细梗蔷薇愈伤组织提取物（RCE），然后对RCE进行成分检测和体外护肤功效评估。结果表明，RCE含有氨基酸、维生素、有机酸和多酚等多种活性成分。体外护肤检测结果表明，RCE对人真皮成纤维细胞有一定的增殖作用，0.01%和0.05% RCE能促进人真皮成纤维细胞分泌Ⅰ型胶原蛋白，与空白对照对比，其Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分别提高83%和79%，作用效果和阳性对照维生素C相似。此外，在重建的3D表皮模型上，0.01% RCE能够显著促进细胞增殖活性标记物Ki67、皮肤屏障功能标志物丝聚蛋白（Filaggrin）及外膜蛋白（Involucrin）的表达，相比空白对照，其阳性率分别提高308%，853%和349%，具有显著差异性。研究发现RCE具有潜在的延缓皮肤衰老和提高皮肤屏障功能的作用，有望作为一种绿色原料添加在化妆品中使用。 The Rosa graciliflora callus was induced from seedling leaves by plant tissue culture, and the Rosa graciliflora callus extract （RCE） was obtained by ultrasonic extraction and lyophilization. To investigate the active component of RCE and its skin care efficacy in vitro, the contents of amino acids, vitamins and organic acids were detected by LC-MS, and the effect of RCE on skin was evaluated by normal human dermal fibroblast （HDF） cells and 3D epidermal model. Cells viabilities and the content of collagen I （Col-I） were detected in HDF cells to evaluate the skin anti-aging function and the immunohistochemical staining （Ki67） and immunofluorescence staining （Filaggrin and Involucrin） were detected in 3D epidermal model to evaluate the skin barrier function of RCE. The results show that 4.27%±0.23% RCE powder can be obtained by ultrasonic extraction and lyophilization. In addition, LC-MS results show that RCE contained 3.88% amino acids, 0.003 5% vitamins, and 1.04% organic acids, and other experimental results show that RCE also contained 6.20% minerals, 43.80% sugar, 10.00% protein, 1.37% polyphenols, 14.6% ash and 21.90% water. Furthermore, cells assay results show that RCE can significantly promote HDF cells viability and type I collagen content. Compared with the blank control, 0.01% and 0.05% RCE can increase type I collagen content by 83% and 79%, respectively （P<0.01）, with the effect similar to the positive control vitamin C. Moreover, in the reconstructed 3D epidermal model assay, compared with the results of the model group, 0.01% RCE can significantly up-regulate the expression of Ki67, Filaggrin and Involucrin, the relative positive rates of Ki67, Filaggrin and Involucrin are increased by 308%, 853% and 349%, respectively, and the fluorescence intensities of Filaggrin and Involucrin are increased by 824% and 159%, respectively. The results indicate that RCE has the potential effect of anti-aging and improving skin barrier function and is expected to be used as a green raw material in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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超声辅助酶法提取茶麸黄酮及其对Ⅱ型5α-还原酶抑制活性 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids from camellia seed cake and the inhibitory activity on 5α-reductase type Ⅱ 马铃, 沈胡驰, 陈殿松, 杨井国, 王靖 2023 (3):  308-315.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.009 摘要 ( 159 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1927KB) ( 245 )   通过正交试验优化超声辅助酶法提取茶麸黄酮的工艺条件，同时建立了Ⅱ型5α-还原酶体外酶促反应体系考察茶麸提取物对Ⅱ型5α-还原酶的抑制活性，并通过分子对接模型对茶麸中主要黄酮组分抑制Ⅱ型5α-还原酶的机理进行了模拟，为茶麸中黄酮类活性物开发和应用提供了基础。正交试验优化的提取工艺为：50 ℃下，50%乙醇，酶解pH=6，添加茶麸质量2.5%的纤维素酶酶解1 h，再以45 kHz，50 ℃超声提取30 min，此优化条件下总黄酮得率为（10.13±0.32） mg/g。通过超高效液相色谱质谱（UPLC Q-TOF MS）初步推断茶麸中主要含有山奈酚3-O-[2-O-β-D-半乳糖-6-O-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷和山奈酚3-O-[2-O-β-D-木糖-6-O-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷两种特征黄酮类化合物。茶麸总黄酮具有Ⅱ型5α-还原酶抑制活性，分子对接模拟结果显示山奈酚3-O-[2-O-β-D-木糖-6-O-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷与5α-还原酶的结合能力与非那雄胺相近，可能是茶麸总黄酮中抑制Ⅱ型5α-还原酶的主要活性分子。 The process conditions of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids from camellia seed cake were optimized by orthogonal tests, and the enzymatic reaction system of 5α-reductase type Ⅱ in vitro was established to investigate the activity of camellia seed cake extract on 5α-reductase type Ⅱ. Moreover, the molecular docking model was used to simulate and predict the inhibition of 5α-reductase type Ⅱ by flavonoids from camellia seed cake, which provided the basis for the development of camellia seed cake and other plants. The results show that the extraction process optimized by the orthogonal experiment is as follows: 50 ℃, 50% ethanol, adjusting pH to 6 for enzymatic hydrolysis, adding 2.5% of camellia seed cake for enzymatic hydrolysis for 1 h, and then ultrasonically extracting at 45 kHz, 50 ℃ for 30 min. The yield of total flavonoids is （10.13±0.32） mg/g under this optimized condition. It is preliminarily deduced that camellia seed cake mainly contains kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-β-D-galactose-6-O-α-L-rhamnose]-β-D-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-β-D-xylose-6-O-α-L-rhamnose]-β-D-glucoside by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-TOF MS）. Camellia seed cake extract has a certain inhibitory activity of 5α-reductase type Ⅱ. Through molecular docking simulation, it is speculated that the binding energy of kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-β-D-xylose-6-O-α-L-rhamnose]-β-D-glucoside to 5α-reductase is close to that of finasteride, which is considered as the main active molecule of 5α-reductase inhibitor in the total flavonoid of camellia seed cake. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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基于（类）离子液体的镍基催化剂研究进展 Research progress of nickel-based catalysts mediated by （quasi） ionic liquids 张晨韵, 张国新, 沈璟虹, 金建交, 许铭星, 辛炳炜 2023 (3):  316-324.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.010 摘要 ( 191 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(1876KB) ( 340 )   离子液体和低共熔溶剂（（类）离子液体）独特的结构使其具有蒸气压低等特殊的物理化学性质，是公认的绿色、环保溶剂。近年来，利用（类）离子液体制备结构新颖、性能优异的镍基催化剂在电解水领域受到普遍关注。（类）离子液体在制备镍基催化剂过程中可作为介质、模板甚至反应物，不但能够获得性能优异的催化剂，而且可以简化反应体系、减少排放，实现原子经济。结合课题组的工作，按照镍基催化剂的种类，详细综述了镍基水裂解催化剂在（类）离子液体中的研究进展，并分析了该领域未来可能的发展方向。 Owing to their special compositions and structures, ionic liquids （ILs） and deep eutectic solvents （DESs）, which are collectively referred to as （quasi） ionic liquids, have unique physical and chemical properties, such as low melting point and vapor pressure. For decades, the use of （quasi） ionic liquids to prepare catalysts with novel structure and excellent performance has attracted wide attention in the field of water electrolysis. Nickel-based electrocatalysts, as a kind of excellent catalysts for water electrolysis, have been extensively studied in （quasi） ionic liquids. In this review, the research progress of nickel-based catalysts in （quasi） ionic liquids is reviewed according to their types. （1） IL or DES-mediated nickel and nickel-based alloy. Due to the good conductivity of （quasi） ionic liquids and the ability to change the order of metal activity, the （quasi） ionic liquids can be used as media to prepare nickel metal catalysts by electrodeposition methods or galvanic replacement reactions. Furthermore, nickel salts can be designed as a component of （quasi） ionic liquids to obtain binary or ternary alloys with other metal salts. （2） IL or DES-mediated nickel （hydro）oxide. The special liquid structures of （quasi） ionic liquids can regulate the growth process of （hydro）oxide, thereby optimizing the structures and properties of catalysts. （3） IL or DES-mediated nickel-based sulfide. （Quasi） ionic liquids can not only be used as media but also be rationally designed as S sources by designing the compositions. （4） IL or DES-mediated nickel-based phosphides. ILs as media and templates can overcome the shortcomings of conventional solvents. Novel structure and pure phase can be obtained. Meanwhile, the anion and cation of ILs can be rationally designed as phosphorus sources to obtain catalyst with excellent catalytic performance. （5） IL or DES-mediated nickel-based nitride. Conventional imidazolium-type IL cations contain nitrogen, while anions can also involve nitrogen. Therefore, the use of ILs to prepare nickel-based nitrides or nitrogen-doped nickel-based catalysts has attracted much attention. In summary, combining with the work of our research group, as described in this review, （quasi） ionic liquids can be used as media, templates, and reactants for preparation of nickel-based catalysts, by which not only excellent performance will be obtained, but also the reaction system is simplified, thus to reduce emissions and realize atomic economy. Finally, the possible future development direction of this field is proposed. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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适应原植物在皮肤健康领域研究现状及展望 Research status and prospect of adaptogenic plants in skin health 刘小幸, 陈春宇, 李丽, 易帆 2023 (3):  325-332.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.011 摘要 ( 199 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF(1605KB) ( 227 )   适应原植物是一类能非特异性地增强人体抵抗力的药用植物。目前对其内服起效研究较完善，但在皮肤外用上的作用功效及机制相关研究仍较少。本文基于文献计量学及专利分析，发现适应原植物作用于皮肤的功效聚焦于延缓衰老方面。并综合文献分析进一步推测其共性机理可能为直接作用于皮肤中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）参与的类中枢下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（HPA轴）；或是直接作用于皮肤细胞中激活抗氧化防御系统，抑制氧化应激造成的细胞损伤。本研究能为适应原植物在皮肤健康领域中的应用提供理论基础。 Adaptogenic plants are a class of medicinal plants that can non-specifically enhance human resistance, act in multiple ways and with multiple targets, and affect the neuro-endocrine-immune system. The species resources of adaptive plants are abundant. At present, there are relatively complete researches on the effect of its oral administration on the human body, but there are few studies providing its external useon the skin. Based on bibliometrics, patent analysis and mechanisms of efficacy of adaptogenic plants in cosmetic applications, this paper finds out that the effect of adaptogenic plants on the skin are mainly focusing on anti-aging. It is further speculated that the common mechanism may be the direct action on the skin, affecting the central HPA-like axis involved in CRH in the skin; or it can directly act on the antioxidant defense system in skin cells and inhibit cell damage caused by oxidative stress. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of adaptogenic plants in the field of skin health. And getting fully use of the wide variety of high-value adaptogenic plant resources is also conducive to the better development of the cosmetic industry in China. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于亲子情感的日用洗漱包装盒的设计研究 Research on the design of daily washing packaging box based on parent-child emotion 徐亮, 解鸿远 2023 (3):  333-338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.012 摘要 ( 141 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1149KB) ( 187 )   亲子日用洗漱用品包装的情感化设计符合以培养亲子感情为目的的受众心理需求，因此基于亲子情感角度对日用洗漱包装盒设计展开研究。分析日用洗漱用品消费者的消费心理，确定了消费者所喜爱的设计风格；根据不同风格，本研究从亲子情感角度出发，以保护儿童健康的安全性原则、刺激儿童审美的美观性原则、传递亲子情感的互动性原则为设计准则，利用文字、图形和色彩等基础视觉要素，结合不同的触觉要素与造型结构要素，采用情境故事法、彰显个性法、互动体验法一级归纳组合法等几种方法完成了亲子日用洗漱包装盒的设计。 The emotional design of the packaging of parent-child daily toiletries meets the psychological needs of the audience for the purpose of cultivating parent-child feelings. Therefore, the design of daily toiletries packaging box is studied based on parent-child feelings. The consumer psychology of daily toiletries consumers is analyzed, and the design style favored by consumers is determined. According to different styles, from the perspective of parent-child emotion, the safety principle of protecting children’s health, the aesthetic principle of stimulating children’s aesthetics, and the interactive principle of conveying parent-child emotion are taken as the design criteria. using the basic visual elements such as text, graphics, color, combined with different tactile elements and modeling structural elements, the design of parent-child daily use coefficient packaging box is completed by several methods such as interactive experience method, first-level induction and combination method. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于文献计量探究皮肤微生态领域相关研究热点 Research hotspots in the field of skin microecology based on bibliometrics 狄飞倩, 程文静, 李璐瑶, 张佳婵, 王昌涛, 安全 2023 (3):  339-348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.013 摘要 ( 183 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(2441KB) ( 306 )   皮肤微生物对皮肤健康至关重要，也为皮肤治疗用药物及护肤品研发提供思路。近年来已积累了大量科研文献。文章基于Web of Science核心数据库，以“Skin microecology”，“Skin microbiome”，“Skin microbial community”，以及普遍认为和微生态失衡相关的疾病，如寻常性痤疮“Acne vulgaris”、寻常性银屑病“Psoriasis vulgaris”、特应性皮炎“Atopic dermatitis”等为关键词进行检索，同时建立排除标准，最终确定文献集合1 924篇。借助文献计量方法和知识图谱可视化软件VOSviewer，分析2010—2022年的文献情况及研究热点，由结果可以看出，近年来皮肤微生态领域研究得到全世界的持续关注，皮肤微生态失调以及皮肤微生物多样性为其主要研究热点；以中国和美国为例，分析对比其在研究领域方面的差异可知，美国主要聚焦在皮肤微生物技术手段的提升和更新，中国主要聚焦在皮肤疾病与皮肤微生态的相关性研究和治疗方案的探索。该研究旨在把握国际上皮肤微生态领域发展现状和研究重点，为我国相关研究及行业提供思路和参考。 Skin microbiome is closely related to skin health. It plays an important role in maintaining skin health, resisting the invasion of foreign microorganisms and participating in skin tissue metabolism. It also provides ideas for the research and development of skin therapeutic drugs and skin care products. In recent years, the literatures on skin microecology are increasing year by year. With the help of literature measurement method and knowledge map visualization software VOSviewer, this paper made quantitative statistics and comparative analysis on the distribution trend, distribution volume of major countries, distribution institutions and research topics from 2010 to 2022. The results show that in recent years, the research in the field of skin microecology has attracted worldwide attention. Its research topics mainly include “skin diseases caused by microecological imbalance and the relationship, pathogenesis and mechanism between some skin diseases and skin microorganisms”, “skin problems caused by harmful flora”, “diversity of skin microorganisms and influencing factors of colonization”, and “genetic correlation of skin microbial community”. The majority researches focus on the imbalance of skin microecology and the diversity of skin microorganisms. Then, the differences in research fields between China and the United States are analyzed and compared. The United States researchers mainly focus on the technical means of skin microorganisms, and the Chinese mainly focus on the research of three skin diseases. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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气相色谱-质谱联用法测定婴幼儿化妆品中18种防腐剂 Determination of 18 preservatives in infant cosmetics by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 李玉丽, 肖瑞娜, 李亚楠, 唐启奎, 王启林, 韩晓萍 2023 (3):  349-354.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.014 摘要 ( 160 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(1171KB) ( 192 )   建立了气相色谱-质谱联用法测定婴幼儿化妆品中甲基氯异噻唑啉酮等18种防腐剂含量。样品采用0.1 mg/mL的抗坏血酸甲醇溶液作为提取溶剂，采用Agilent DB-5 MS毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）进行气相分离，程序升温，分流进样进行测定，外标法定量。结果表明，在20 min内即可实现对18种防腐剂的有效分离测定，18种防腐剂质量浓度在各自范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数大于0.998，方法检出限为0.15~1.50 μg/kg，在低中高3种加标浓度水平下平均回收率为76.7%~104.9%。该方法准确、灵敏、快速，适用于婴幼儿化妆品中18种防腐剂的同时测定。 A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method was established for the determination of 18 preservatives compounds （methyl chloride isothiazolinone, etc.） in infant cosmetics. The cosmetic samples were extracted with 0.1 mg/mL ascorbic acid methanol as the solvent, separated on an Agilent DB-5 MS chromatographic column （30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm） by temperature programming with split injection technique, analyzed by GC-MS, and then quantified by an external standard curve. The results indicate that the effective separation and determination of 18 preservatives can be realized within 20 minutes. The method has good linear relationship with the correlation coefficients （R） greater than 0.998, the limits of detection （LOD） are in the ranges of 0.15-1.50 μg/kg, and the average recoveries at three spiked levels are in the range of 76.7%-104.9%. The method is accurate, rapid, simple, and quite suitable for the simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in infant cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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气相色谱法测定6种不同基质化妆品中水杨酸甲酯含量 Determination of methyl salicylate in 6 kinds of cosmetics bases by GC 汪亚菁, 贾伯阳, 邬国庆, 邸铮 2023 (3):  355-360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.015 摘要 ( 371 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF(1219KB) ( 177 )   建立了气相色谱法（GC）测定6种基质化妆品中水杨酸甲酯的方法，并采用气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS）对目标物进行定性确证。蜡基样品经乙酸乙酯-无水乙醇提取，其他基质样品经无水乙醇提取后，采用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器进行测定。GC-MS采用全扫（SCAN）与选择离子监测（SIM）方式对结果进行确认。水杨酸甲酯质量浓度在5~500 mg/L范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）；6种基质在高、中、低三个浓度加标的平均回收率为96.9%~108.2%，相对标准偏差（RSD）均≤2.9%（n=6）；方法检出限为4 μg/g，定量限为100 μg/g；方法用于不同基质样品的分析，其中1批润唇膏检出水杨酸甲酯含量为0.083%，超出了欧盟对此类产品的限值要求。该方法快速、准确，适用于不同基质化妆品中水杨酸甲酯的定性定量分析，为化妆品中水杨酸甲酯的测定与筛查提供了技术支持。 A method for the determination of methyl salicylate in 6 kinds of cosmetics bases by gas chromatography （GC） was established, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was used to analyze for qualitative verification. The wax-based samples were extracted with ethyl acetate-absolute ethanol, and the other bases were extracted with anhydrous ethanol, and then were determined by GC equipped with hydrogen flame ionization detector （FID）. GC-MS adopt full SCAN and selective ion monitoring （SIM） methods to confirm the results. Linear relationship between the mass concentration of methyl salicylate and its peak area is kept in the range of 5-500 mg/L （r=0.999 9）, with the detection limit of 4 μg/g, and the quantification limit of 100 μg/g. The average recovery rate of the six bases spiked at high, medium and low concentrations are 96.9%-108.2%, and the RSDs （n=6） are all less than 2.9%. The method is used to analyze different commercially available samples. The content of methyl salicylate in one batch of the lip balm is 0.083%, which exceeds the maximum concentration recommended by Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety （SCCS）. The method is fast and accurate, suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of methyl salicylate in different cosmetic bases, and provides technical support for the determination and screening of methyl salicylate in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效凝胶过滤色谱法测定皂角米中多糖组分 Determination of polysaccharides in Gleditsia sinensis seed by high performance gel filtration chromatography 王泽云, 张博丽 2023 (3):  361-364.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.03.016 摘要 ( 151 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1069KB) ( 132 )   采用高效凝胶过滤色谱法（HPGFC）测定皂角米中多糖组分的含量，以水凝胶色谱柱Ultrahydrogel™ Linear 300 mm×7.8 mmid×2为分离柱；以0.1 mol/L硝酸钠为流动相；流速：0.8 mL/min；柱温：40 ℃。试验表明，多糖组分1#（Mw=2 115 637），2#（Mw=12 516），3#（Mw=418）在质量浓度0.10~5.00 g/L之间，峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系，相关系数γ为0.999 5，0.999 2，0.999 0（n=5），方法检出限为0.056，0.053，0.050 g/L，加标回收率为96.7%~102.0%，96.0%~101.6%，94.0%~103.6%，相对标准偏差为0.63%~1.81%，0.81%~1.94%，1.01%~2.03%（n=6）。该方法操作简便，具有良好的重复性和回收率，可用于皂角米中多糖组分的检测。 High performance gel filtration chromatography was used to determine the polysaccharide components in sapiens. The hydrogel column Ultra-hydrogel™ Linear 300 mm×7.8 mmid×2 was used as the separation column with the mobile phase of 0.1mol/L sodium nitrate, the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and the column temperature at 40 ℃. Test results show that the polysaccharide components 1# （Mw=2 115 637）, 2#（Mw=12 516）, 3#（Mw=418） are in the range of 0.10-5.00 g/L, the peak areas and mass concentrations appear good linear correlation with the correlation coefficient γ of 0.999 5, 0.999 2, and 0.999 0（n=5）, respectively. The detection limits are 0.056, 0.053, and 0.050 g/L, respectively, the recoveries of this method are 96.7%-102.0%, 96.0%-101.6%, and 94.0%-103.6%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations are 0.63%-1.81%, 0.81%-1.94%, and 1.01%-2.03%（n=6）, respectively. The method is simple, has good repeatability and recovery, and can be used for the determination of polysaccharide components in sapiens. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标