4种低聚糖对健康皮肤源痤疮丙酸杆菌CCSM0331生长特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 痤疮丙酸杆菌（Cutibacterium acnes，C. acnes）是皮肤上的常驻菌，对维持皮肤稳态发挥着重要作用。低聚糖是公认的肠道益生菌的益生元，常用于化妆品配方中。本研究以分离自健康皮肤的痤疮丙酸杆菌CCSM0331为研究对象，从菌体增殖、发酵上清pH、短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids，SCFAs）产量、DPPH自由基清除以及抑制表皮葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus epidermidis，S. epidermidis）生物膜形成等方面考察低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚异麦芽糖和菊粉4种低聚糖对CCSM0331菌株生长特性的影响，以期优选出CCSM0331菌株的益生元。结果表明：4种低聚糖均能促进CCSM0331菌体增殖，其中低聚半乳糖效果最好；CCSM0331菌株利用不同低聚糖均能产丙酸、乙酸和异戊酸，其中产丙酸产量显著大于乙酸和异戊酸，不同于肠道益生菌双歧杆菌和乳酸菌所产SCFAs的种类；CCSM0331菌株利用低聚半乳糖产生更多的SCFAs，具有最强的抑制表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 35984生物膜形成，提高了抗氧化效果。综上，低聚半乳糖是较优的痤疮丙酸杆菌CCSM0331的益生元。本研究提供了一种筛选皮肤菌益生元的思路。

关键词: 低聚糖, 低聚半乳糖, 痤疮丙酸杆菌, 短链脂肪酸, 生物膜, 表皮葡萄球菌, 益生元

Abstract:

Cutibacterium acnes （C. acnes） is a skin commensal bacterium that plays a crucial role in maintaining skin homeostasis. Oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics for intestinal probiotics, and commonly used in cosmetic formulations. In this study, the effects of fructooligosaccharides （FOS）, isomaltooligosaccharide （IMO）, galactooligosaccharides （GOS）, and inulin on C. acnes CCSM0331, isolated from a healthy facial skin, were investigated with the parameters such as bacterial proliferation, the fermentation supernatant pH, short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） production, DPPH free radicals scavenging, and inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. Our results demonstrates that all four oligosaccharides effectively promote the growth of C. acnes CCSM0331 cells, increase the production of SCFAs, and lower the pH of the fermentation broth, with GOS demonstrating the most significant effect. Analysis of the SCFAs indicates that strain CCSM0331 predominantly employs oligosaccharides to produce propionic acid, acetic acid and isovaleric acid, differing from the SCFAs produced by gut probiotics like Lactobacillus and Biﬁdobacterium. Among the four oligosaccharides, the addition of 2% GOS fermentation supernatant significantly inhibits Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 biofilm formation, and enhances antioxidant benefits. In conclusion, which indicates that GOS is a better prebiotic for strain C. acnes CCSM0331. Our findings offer a novel approach to screening prebiotics for potential skin probiotics.

Key words: oligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, Cutibacterium acnes, short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）, biofilms, Staphylococcus epidermidis, prebiotics

中图分类号:

TQ658

邵丽, 岳佳威, 李燕, 李陶, 马来记, 杨素珍. 4种低聚糖对健康皮肤源痤疮丙酸杆菌CCSM0331生长特性的影响[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(7): 895-901.

Li Shao, Jiawei Yue, Yan Li, Tao Li, Laiji Ma, Suzhen Yang. The effect of four oligosaccharides on the growth characteristics and beneficial functions of Cutibacterium acnes CCSM0331, isolated from a healthy facial skin[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(7): 895-901.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 33

[1]	Dréno B, Pécastaings S, Corvec S, et al. Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates[J]. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2018, 32: 5-14.
[2]	牛钰杰, 马来记, 杨素珍, 等. 痤疮丙酸杆菌与皮肤健康的相关研究进展[J]. 中国美容医学, 2024: 33 (8) : 187-193.
[3]	Lomholt H B, Kilian M. Population genetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes identifies a subpopulation and epidemic clones associated with acne[J]. PloS One, 2010, 5 (8) : e12277.
[4]	Tomida S, Nguyen L, Chiu B H, et al. Pan-genome and comparative genome analyses of propionibacterium acnes reveal its genomic diversity in the healthy and diseased human skin microbiome[J]. Mbio, 2013, 4 (3).
[5]	杨娥, 李欢, 刘艳, 等. 痤疮患者和健康人群痤疮丙酸杆菌多序列位点分型分子流行病学研究[J]. 中国美容医学, 2018, 27 (10) : 125-128.
[6]	Dreno B, Dekio I, Baldwin H, et al. Acne microbiome: from phyla to phylotypes[J]. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2024, 38 (4) : 657-664.
[7]	Barnard E, Shi B, Kang D, et al. The balance of metagenomic elements shapes the skin microbiome in acne and health[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6 (1) : 39491.
[8]	Nakamura K, O’Neill A M, Williams M R, et al. Short chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (1) : 21237. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77790-9 pmid: 33277548
[9]	Almoughrabie S, Cau L, Cavagnero K, et al. Commensal Cutibacterium acnes induce epidermal lipid synthesis important for skin barrier function[J]. Science Advances, 2023, 9 (33).
[10]	Bolla B S, Erdei L, Urbán E, et al. Cutibacterium acnes regulates the epidermal barrier properties of HPV-KER human immortalized keratinocyte cultures[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (1) : 12815.
[11]	Andersson T, Ertürk B G, Saleh K, et al. Common skin bacteria protect their host from oxidative stress through secreted antioxidant RoxP[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9 (1) : 3596. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40471-3 pmid: 30837648
[12]	Fournière M, Latire T, Souak D, et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes: two major sentinels of skin microbiota and the influence of cosmetics[J]. Microorganisms, 2020, 8 (11) : 1752.
[13]	Byrd A L, Belkaid Y, Segre J A. The human skin microbiome[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018, 16 (3) : 143-155. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157 pmid: 29332945
[14]	Makki K, Deehan E C, Walter J, et al. The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease[J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2018, 23 (6) : 705-715.
[15]	包怡红, 生庆海. 低聚糖的种类及其应用[J]. 粮油食品科技, 2002 (6) : 14-17.
[16]	Paone P, Suriano F, Jian C, et al. Prebiotic oligofructose protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity by changing the gut microbiota, intestinal mucus production, glycosylation and secretion[J]. Gut Microbes, 2022, 14 (1) : 2152307.
[17]	Le Bourgot C, Meunier C, Gaio E, et al. Effects of short chain fructo-oligosaccharides on selected skin bacteria[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12 (1) : 9702. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13093-5 pmid: 35690598
[18]	Hong K B, Jeong M, Han K S, et al. Photoprotective effects of galacto-oligosaccharide and/or Bifidobacterium longum supplementation against skin damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice[J]. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2015, 66 (8) : 923-930.
[19]	Ma L, Li Y, Niu Y, et al. Complete genome sequence of Cutibacterium acnes type Ⅱ CCSM0331, isolated from a healthy woman’s skin[J]. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2024, 13 (1).
[20]	Shao L, Huang J, Li Y, et al. Antioxidant activities of the cell-free supernatant of a potential probiotic Cutibacterium acnes strain CCSM0331, isolated from a healthy skin[J]. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2025, 24 (3).
[21]	Kao M S, Huang S, Chang W L, et al. Microbiome precision editing: using PEG as a selective fermentation initiator against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[J]. Biotechnology Journal, 2017, 12 (4).
[22]	Mishra K, Ojha H, Chaudhury N K. Estimation of antiradical properties of antioxidants using DPPH assay: a critical review and results[J]. Food Chemistry, 2012, 130 (4) : 1036-1043.
[23]	Tabasco R, de Palencia P F, Fontecha J, et al. Competition mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria: fermentative metabolism and colonization[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2014, 55 (2) : 680-684.
[24]	Coenye T, Peeters E, Nelis H J. Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased production of putative virulence factors[J]. Research in Microbiology, 2007, 158 (4) : 386-392. pmid: 17399956
[25]	Wang S, Xiao Y, Tian F, et al. Rational use of prebiotics for gut microbiota alterations: specific bacterial phylotypes and related mechanisms[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2020, 66: 103838.
[26]	Vandeputte D, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, et al. Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota[J]. Gut, 2017, 66 (11) : 1968-1974. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313271 pmid: 28213610
[27]	Swanson K, De Vos W, Martens E, et al. Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review[J]. Beneficial Microbes, 2020, 11 (2) : 101-129. doi: 10.3920/BM2019.0082 pmid: 32073295
[28]	Xiao X, Hu X, Yao J, et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory skin diseases[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 13: 1083432.
[29]	Macfarlane G T, Steed H, Macfarlane S. Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2008, 104 (2) : 305-344. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03520.x pmid: 18215222
[30]	Higaki S, Nakamura M, Morohashi M, et al. Propionibacterium acnes biotypes and susceptibility to minocycline and Keigai-rengyo-to[J]. International Journal of Dermatology, 2004, 43 (2) : 103-107.
[31]	Shu M, Wang Y, Yu J, et al. Fermentation of Propionibacterium acnes, a commensal bacterium in the human skin microbiome, as skin probiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[J]. PloS One, 2013, 8 (2).
[32]	Zhang Y, Ma J, Jing N, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis A12 and Lactobacillus salivarius M18-6 alleviate alcohol injury by keap1-Nrf2 pathway and thioredoxin system[J]. Foods, 2023, 12 (3) : 439.
[33]	Wu J, Jiang X, Yang Q, et al. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by the joint action of oxyresveratrol and Lactobacillus casei[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2022, 88 (9).

添加物质	组别
添加物质	空白对照（A）	对照1（B）	对照2（C）	实验组（D）
无糖TSB	+	+	+	+
2%低聚糖	-	-	+	+
CCSM0331种子液	-	+	-	+