龙脑樟精油的化学成分、抗氧化活性和认知改善作用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2021.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术检测龙脑樟精油化学成分,通过1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（DPPH）和2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）法测定龙脑樟精油体外抗氧化能力,采用Morris水迷宫实验和免疫组化实验判断小鼠嗅吸精油后的认知功能,检测小鼠嗅吸精油后脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物（GSH-PX）和丙二醛（MDA）体内氧化指标。结果显示,龙脑樟精油鉴定出龙脑、右旋柠檬烯、桉叶素等43种主要化学成分;龙脑樟精油对DPPH和ABTS自由基的IC₅₀分别是1.65和2.27 g/L;龙脑樟精油组小鼠在Morris水迷宫中的逃避潜伏期、穿越原平台次数等指标改善,在免疫组化切片中发现β-淀粉样蛋白减少;龙脑樟精油组小鼠脑组织的SOD和GSH-PX活力提高,MDA含量减少。综上,龙脑樟精油具有一定的体外、体内抗氧化活性,对小鼠认知功能障碍具有一定的改善作用。

关键词: 龙脑樟精油, 精油成分, 抗氧化, 认知功能

Abstract:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） technology was used to detect chemical compositions and their relative contents of borneol essential oil. By analyzing scavenging activity of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） free radical and 2,2'-azinobis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid]-diammonium salt （ABTS） free radical, the antioxidant activity of borneol essential oil and trolox were determined in vitro. In order to explore the effect of borneol essential oil on behavior of mice with learning and memory impairment, Morris water maze test and immunohistochemistry experiment were used to judge the cognitive function of mice in normal group, model group, borneol essential oil group and positive group. In addition, after completing the animal behavior experiment, the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-PX） and malondialdehyde （MDA） of brain tissue were measured. The results show that there are 43 main chemical components in borneol essential oil, such as borneol, d-limonene and 1,8-cineole. Free radical scavenging experiment finds that a certain concentration of borneol essential oil can effectively clean up DPPH and ABTS free radical, but its scavenging ability is less than trolox. The half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of borneol essential oil on DPPH and ABTS free radical are 1.65 and 2.27 g/L, respectively. In Morris water maze, compared to mice in model group, the escape latency and crossing times of mice in borneol essential oil group are improved, and the performance of mice in borneol essential oil group is close to that in positive group. In immunohistochemistry experiment, the immunohistochemical section indicates that compared to mice in model group, the β-amyloid protein of mice in borneol essential oil group decreases, and the situation of mice in borneol essential oil group is close to that in positive group. Compared to mice in model group, the activities of SOD and GSH-PX increase, and the content of MDA decreases in brain tissue of mice in borneol essential oil group. In conclusion, borneol essential oil has certain antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo, and can improve cognitive impairment in mice.

Key words: borneol essential oil, essential oil components, antioxidation, cognitive function

中图分类号:

TQ654

唐寅,吕晓帆,王莹,吴亚妮. 龙脑樟精油的化学成分、抗氧化活性和认知改善作用研究[J]. 日用化学工业, 2021, 51(11): 1095-1101.

Tang Yin,Lv Xiaofan,Wang Ying,Wu Yani. Study on chemical components, antioxidant activity and cognitive improvement of borneol essential oil[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2021, 51(11): 1095-1101.

图/表 6

图 1

表 1

龙脑樟精油主要成分和相对含量"

序号	化学成分	保留时间/s	相对含量/%	序号	化学成分	保留时间/s	相对含量/%
1	苯乙胺（L-1-Phenylethylamine）	157.110	0.280	23	柠檬醛（Citral）	850.707	0.675
2	1-甲氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯（1-Methoxy-2-methylbut-2-ene）	160.794	0.026	24	异戊酸乙酯（Ethyl isovalerate）	878.443	0.039
3	1,4-苯二甲醇（1,4-Benzenedimethanol）	176.918	0.059	25	马鞭草烯醇（2-Pinen-4-one）	905.810	0.046
4	叶醇（Leaf alcohol）	245.931	0.103	26	异丁酸香茅酯（Citronellyl isobutyrate）	951.420	0.026
5	月桂烯（7-Methyl-3-methyleneocta-1）	291.786	0.052	27	α-荜澄茄油烯（（-）-α-Cubebene）	953.267	0.135
6	桉叶素（1,8-Cineole）	358.099	15.216	28	依兰烯（Ylangene）	979.193	0.142
7	α-水芹烯（α-Phellandrene）	436.012	4.610	29	古巴烯（Copaene）	986.061	0.220
8	邻伞花烃（o-Cymene）	463.606	14.970	30	β-波旁烯（β-Bourbonene）	995.263	0.597
9	右旋柠檬烯（D-Limonene）	471.701	16.093	31	甲基丁子香酚（Methyl eugenol）	1 005.750	0.925
10	龙脑（Borneol）	480.516	23.833	32	β-石竹烯（β-Caryophyllene）	1 016.940	0.024
11	芳樟醇（Linalool）	583.036	7.827	33	倍半水芹烯（β-Sesquiphellandrene）	1 030.890	0.510
12	2-氨基苯乙醚（o-Phenetidine）	586.381	0.058	34	2-甲氧基乙醇（2-Methoxyethanol）	1 036.550	0.031
13	小茴香醇（Fenchol）	617.276	0.289	35	甲氧基乙酸乙酯（Ethyl methoxyacetate）	1 064.130	0.064
14	樟脑（Camphora）	690.810	0.043	36	α-石竹烯（α-Caryophyllene）	1 067.450	4.888
15	4-萜烯醇（4-Terpineol）	721.228	4.508	37	异丁苯丙酸（Ibuprofen）	1 100.110	0.183
16	水杨酸甲酯（Methyl salicylate）	735.696	0.026	38	甲氧基乙酸甲酯（Methyl methoxyacetate）	1 100.460	0.043
17	2'-乙酰氧基苯乙酮（2-Acetylphenyl acetate）	754.960	0.054	39	愈创木烯（Guaiene）	1 103.150	0.982
18	乙酸小茴香酯（2-Norbornanol）	777.842	0.030	40	顺-菖蒲烯（Cis-calamenene）	1 123.510	0.666
19	反式香苇醇（2-Cyclohexen-1-ol）	779.332	0.052	41	α-二去氢菖蒲烯（α-Calacorene）	1 140.550	0.055
20	甲酸异龙脑酯（Isobornyl formate）	796.047	0.326	42	愈创醇（Guaiol）	1 185.160	0.284
21	香芹酮（DL-carvone）	817.918	0.084	43	2,4'-二氯苯甲酮（2,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone）	1 279.160	0.025
22	2,3-己二酮（Hexanedione）	828.803	0.082

表 1

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图 5

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