美甲化妆品中VOCs臭氧贡献及其健康风险评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

VOCs排放控制是当前控制臭氧浓度的主要手段之一。美甲化妆品近几年使用量逐年增加，由于其含有较多挥发性溶剂，其释放VOCs清单研究很有必要。文章通过市场调研采集了使用量较大的25个具有代表性的指甲油样品，并建立了不同类型的美甲化妆品中总VOCs及VOCs清单的检测方法：首先将一定量样品置于烘箱（105 ℃）测定产品总挥发量，利用卡尔费休法测定水含量，顶空-气质联用（HS-GC-MS）对其中VOCs进行定性定量检测。水性型指甲油、有机溶剂型指甲油、营养油和卸甲水的平均VOCs含量分别为0.314 5，0.366 9，0.049 6，0.904 2 g/g；4类美甲化妆品中主要VOCs类别分别为胺类（N-甲基吡咯烷酮、三乙胺）、酯类（乙酸乙酯）、萜烯类（（±）-柠檬烯）和醇类（2-苯氧乙醇、甲醇、乙醇）；有机溶剂型指甲油中还含有少量苯系物：甲苯、间二甲苯、1，2，4-三甲基苯；卸甲水中还含有18.39%丙酮。根据不同类型指甲油的VOCs排放清单及其含量，计算了其对臭氧生成的贡献，单位质量美甲化妆品O₃生成量为0.000 061 2~1.15 g/g，其中，单位质量有机溶剂型指甲油的O₃贡献率最大。各类美甲化妆品释放的VOCs类别中OFP贡献最大的分别为胺类、苯系物、醇类，其中，苯系物具有高反应活性，对O₃贡献较大。根据呼吸暴露计算美甲化妆品中VOCs对人体的非致癌危害商（HQ）范围为6.66×10^-6~8.64×10^-4，危害指数（HI）<1，健康风险评价结果表明对成年女性不存在非致癌风险。该研究为管控美甲化妆品VOCs释放清单提供了基础数据。

关键词: 美甲化妆品, 挥发性有机化合物, 组成特征, 臭氧贡献, 健康风险评价

Abstract:

VOCs emission control is one of the main means to control ozone concentration at present. In recent years, the use of nail cosmetics has been increasing year by year. Since it contains more volatile solvents, it is necessary to study the emission inventory of VOCs released. This study collected 25 representative nail polish samples with a large amount of use through market research, and established a detection method for the total VOCs and VOCs emission list in different types of nail cosmetics. Firstly, a certain amount of samples were placed in an oven （105 ℃） to determine the total volatile content of the product, the Karl Fischer method was used to determine the water content, and headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS） was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of VOCs. The average VOCs content of water-based nail polish, organic solvent-based nail polish, nutritional oil and nail remover are 0.314 5, 0.366 9, 0.049 6, 0.904 2 g/g, respectively. The main VOCs categories in the four types of nail cosmetics are amines （N-methylpyrrolidone, triethylamine）, esters （ethyl acetate）, terpenes （（±）-limonene） and alcohols （2-phenoxyethanol, methanol, ethanol）. Organic solvent-based nail polishes contain a small amount of BTEX: toluene, m-xylene, and 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, and the nail remover contains 18.39% acetone. According to the VOCs emission list and content in the different types nail polish, its contribution to ozone generation is calculated. The amount of O₃ generated per unit mass of nail polish is 0.000 061 2~1.15 g/g, of which the O₃ per unit mass of organic solvent-based nail polish has the largest contribution rate. Among the VOCs released by various types of nail cosmetics, OFP contributes the most to amines, BTEX, and alcohols. Among them, BTEX has high reactivity and contributes greatly to O₃. Based on respiratory exposure, the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient （HQ） of VOCs in nail cosmetics to human health is calculated in the range of 6.66×10^-6-8.64×10^-4, and the hazard index （HI）<1. The health risk assessment results show that there is no non-carcinogenic risk to adult women. This study provides basic data for the control of the VOCs emission of nail cosmetic products.

Key words: nail cosmetic, volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, composition characteristics, ozone contribution, health risk assessment

中图分类号:

TQ658

陈攀金, 沈正超, 杜振霞. 美甲化妆品中VOCs臭氧贡献及其健康风险评价[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2023, 53(4): 472-480.

Chen Panjin, Shen Zhengchao, Du Zhenxia. Ozone contribution of VOCs in nail cosmetics and its health risk assessment[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2023, 53(4): 472-480.

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	VOC物种	EC/（mg/m³）	RfC/（mg/m³）	HQ	HI=∑HQ_i
水性型指甲油	三乙胺	4.17	0.007	8.34×10^-4	8.34×10^-4
有机溶剂型指甲油	间二甲苯	0.09	0.1	8.79×10^-4	1.78×10^-3
	1，2，4-三甲苯	0.05	0.06	8.64×10^-4
	甲苯	0.03	5	6.66×10^-6
	甲醇	0.12	2	2.50×10^-5
	乙醛	0.004 6	0.009	9.25×10^-7
卸甲水	甲苯	0.36	5	7.14×10^-5	6.36×10^-3
卸甲水	甲醇	31.43	2	6.29×10^-3	6.36×10^-3