Table of Content

22 May 2019, Volume 49 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Synthesis and surface activities of asymmetrical Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants YANG Xu-zhao,WANG Jun,FANG Yun 2019, 49 (5):  279-285.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.001 Abstract ( 468 )   HTML ( 108 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 580 )   Asymmetrical Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants,[CnIMC3N11n][Br]2（n=10, 12, 14, 16）, were prepared with imidazole, bromoalkane, 1,3-dibromopropane and long-chain alkyl N,N-dimethyl tertiary amine as raw materials through substitution reaction and quaternization reaction, respectively. The chemical structures of these Gemini ionic liquid-based surfactants were characterized and identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The Kraff points were determined and it was found that the Krafft points gradually increased as the hydrophobic chain length increased. Surface activities of[CnIMC3N11n][Br]2 were measured by Wilhelmy plate method. The results show that[CnIMC3N11n][Br]2 display good surface active performance. The values of γcmc of [CnIMC3N11n][Br]2 are approximately 35 mN/m and those of cmc are between 10 -4 mol/L and 10 -3 mol/L, which are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the traditional cationic surfactants. The values of cmc and counterion binding degree（β）were determined by electrical conductivity method. The cmc values measured by conductivity method were slightly higher than that measured by Wilhelmy plate method, indicating the existence of nonsurface-active premicellar aggregates. Meanwhile, cmc values increase and β values decrease as the temperature increases because of the reduction of the ability to form micelles and the stability of the formed micelles. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Self-assembly of surfactants regulated by weak interactions（V）Application in the preparation of nanomaterials WU Ao-li,ZHENG Li-qiang,SUN Ji-chao 2019, 49 (5):  286-292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.002 Abstract ( 473 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1808KB) ( 642 )   Mesoporous silica, noble metal nanomaterials and supramolecular materials with various morphologies and functions can be prepared by adjusting the weak interactions between surfactants, surfactants and precursors or surfactants and solvents. In addition to the traditional surfactant-forming aggregates（micelles, vesicles, liquid crystals, etc.）as templates for the preparation of nanomaterials, the responsive groups introduced in the molecule can be used to simplify the preparation process and improve the recycling of the materials. The preparation of composite nanomaterials by organic-inorganic co-assembly method has broad application prospects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Synthesis and properties of a series of Gemini surfactants with p-phenylenediamine as a spacer WANG Chen,XU Hu-jun 2019, 49 (5):  293-297.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.003 Abstract ( 318 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (1043KB) ( 1030 )   A series of novel Gemini surfactants C12, C16, and C18 with the hydrophobic groups of different lengths were synthesized with epichlorohydrin, N, N-dimethylalkyl amine and p-phenylenediamine as materials in two steps. The products were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The critical micelle concentration（cmc）and the corresponding surface tension（γcmc）of the phenylenediamine surfactants in aqueous solution were measured at 25 ℃ by surface tensiometer. The Krafft points and the emulsifying, foaming and antimicrobial properties of the aqueous solutions were also determined. The results show that the cmc of C12, C16 and C18 at 25 ℃ are 3.29×10 -3, 2.53×10 -4 and 3.14×10 -4 mol/L, respectively, and the γcmc are 28.24, 31.95 and 35.06 mN/m, respectively. The Krafft points of C12 and C16 are both below 0 ℃, and the Krafft point of C18 is 10 ℃. The foaming properties of C12 are better than those of C16 and C18. The emulsifying properties of C18 are better than those of C12 and C16. C12, C16 and C18 have shown excellent antimicrobial activities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Gemini surfactants containing rigid groups and their properties after mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate ZHANG Wen-zhe,LI Pan,HOU Lin-xi 2019, 49 (5):  298-303.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.004 Abstract ( 387 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (934KB) ( 398 )   A Gemini surfactant containing the rigid linking group（G14）was synthesized from phthalic anhydride, epichlorohydrin and N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine. The structure was characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and 1H NMR. The surface activity and application properties of the mixtures of G14 and sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）were studied. The mixed systems have exhibited a lower critical micelle concentration（cmc）, a stronger emulsifying ability, and better wetting properties than a single component. When n（G14）∶n（SDS）=1∶2, the cmc is 3.19×10 -5 mol/L; γcmc is 22.3 mN/m; Amin is 0.57 nm 2; pc20 reaches 5.01; Гmax reaches 2.92 μmol/m 2; the cleaning rate of diesel can reach 91.67% at 65 ℃. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction of active components from Carthamus tinctorius and evaluation of its effect on improving skin microcirculation NIE Yuan-jinze,LUO Yuan,LI Xin-yang,YIN Ya-ting,YI Fan,MENG Hong 2019, 49 (5):  304-309.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.005 Abstract ( 612 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1407KB) ( 567 )   In order to explore the effect of safflower and its compound extract with peach gum on skin microcirculation and the application prospect of cosmetics raw materials, after extracting the active components of safflower and its complex with peach gum, laser Doppler detection technique and biological infrared thermal imaging technique were adopted in order to compare the data changes of blood perfusion, infrared temperature, skin roughness, moisture content, transepidermal water loss and skin condition of the subjects before and after use. The results show that the amount of skin blood flow, facial temperature, skin moisture content, transepidermal water loss and skin scale index of the subjects are increased after 7 days with the application of safflower extract and the extract complex of safflower and peach gum. In addition, the extract of safflower decreases the amount of cell shedding, while the compound extract of safflower and peach gum increased the amount of cell shedding. It indicates that safflower contains an active substance capable of improving and promoting skin microcirculation, and has a function of promoting skin microcirculation after being compounded with peach gum, which can be used as a cosmetic additive. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gel dispersion method for determination of UV shielding capability of TiO2 JING Pan-pan,TAN Xiao,ZHANG Di,TIAN Qing-ping 2019, 49 (5):  310-314.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.006 Abstract ( 315 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1013KB) ( 545 )   A new method for determining UV absorption of TiO2 was established by using gelation to uniformly disperse particles in a gel medium. The results show that 0.15% Carbomer 980 gel can make anatase TiO2 disperse stably within 3 hours. TiO2 has no maximum absorption in the UVA and the UVB bands, and the absorbance value slightly increases with increasing wavelength. The mean absorbance has a good linear relationship with its mass concentration within 25-70 mg/L range, and the regression equation is A=0.009 7ρ+0.042 5, with R 2=0.999, and the precision is high（RSDs=0.20%-1.16%）and the accuracy is good（recoveries 88.10%-110.3%, RSD=0.58%-1.24%）. The method was applied to quantify the mass concentration of TiO2 in self-made TiO2 sunscreen lotions, and the relative error is less than 5%. The research results can provide a reference for quantitative determination of granular materials by spectrophotometry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of extract of Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu on tyrosinase activity and kinetics WANG Fei-fei,WANG Min-zhu,WANG Han,HUANG Shan,DANZENG Jiang-bai,LI Bin 2019, 49 (5):  315-319.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.007 Abstract ( 386 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 374 )   The effect of extract of Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu on tyrosine monophenolase and diphenolase activity and inhibition kinetics were studied by enzymatic reaction using L-tyrosinase and L-DOPA as substrates. Experimental results show that the extract of Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu, has inhibitory effect on tyrosine monophenolase and diphenolase, and the concentrations of the extract of Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu leading to 50% decrease in monophenolase and diphenolase activity（IC50）are calculated to be 0.138 8 and 0.533 2 g/L, respectively. The inhibition of tyrosine diphenolase by the extract of Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu is a reversible process. The Lineweaver-Burk plots show that the type of action is competitive inhibition with an inhibition constant of 504.846 mg/L. The extract of Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu has a significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and has the potential to be developed into a natural tyrosinase inhibitor. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Camellia oil on the skin of D-galactose induced aging mice model WANG Shu-chang,WU Ya-ni 2019, 49 (5):  320-327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.008 Abstract ( 394 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1251KB) ( 534 )   The fatty acid composition of tea seed oil and Camellia emollient oil, its antioxidant capacity in vitro and its effect on the skin of aging mice were determined and compared. The fatty acid composition of tea seed oil and Camellia emollient oil was analyzed and compared by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of tea seed oil and Camellia emollient oil in vitro were determined by DPPH and ABTS scavenging methods. A mouse aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of 1 g/（kg·d）D-galactose solution in the back. The skin was applied with tea seed oil and Camellia emollient oil to observe superoxide dismutase（SOD）, content of malondialdehyde（MDA）, hydrogen peroxidase（CAT）, content of glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）, content of hydroxyproline（Hyp）and morphological changes in it. From the results, both unsaturated fatty acids are rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid. Both of them have antioxidant capacity in vitro and these effects are does-dependent. In vivo experiment, compared with the normal group, the SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, Hyp contents of the skin of the model group decrease, the MDA content increases, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis decrease, and the collagen fiber content decreases. After in vitro intervention, the SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and Hyp contents of the skin of the mice increase, the MDA content decreases, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis increase, and the collagen fibers are abundant. The anti-oxidation experiment on the combination of in vitro and in vivo of tea seed oil and Camellia emollient oil show that they both have certain effect on delaying skin aging. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress of nano-modified fluorocarbon coatings HAN Ming-hu,ZHANG La-la,WU Yun,ZHANG Qi,HU Hao-bin 2019, 49 (5):  328-334.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.009 Abstract ( 470 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (965KB) ( 546 )   The basic concept of nano materials and the types of fluorocarbon coatings are briefly described. The preparation, properties and application of new fluorocarbon coatings modified with nano materials such as SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3 are introduced. Their future development has also been prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensitive skin and skin microbiome ZHAO Xiao-min,QU Xin 2019, 49 (5):  335-340.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.010 Abstract ( 893 )   HTML ( 46 )   PDF (840KB) ( 983 )   This article reviews the recent study and development of skin microbiota and its relationship with sensitive skin. The distribution of the microbes on skin and their interaction with skin, and the impact of skin microbiome barrier on sensitive skin are reviewed and discussed. This content covers how keratinocyte specifically recognize commensal microbes, how they protect skin as immunity barrier and how the disrupted skin ecosystem influences different kinds of sensitive skin. The solution for sensitive skin is also reviewed and discussed based on optimizing skin ecosystems. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Study on sampling methods of sunscreen spray cosmetics with propellant GAO Jia-min,CAO Jin,WANG Gang-li 2019, 49 (5):  341-345.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.011 Abstract ( 920 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (812KB) ( 704 )   The contents of the sunscreen agents in the sunscreen spray cosmetic samples containing propellant were determined respectively by propellant-containing and propellant-free sampling method, and the results of the two methods were compared to provide a reference for standardizing the sampling method for this kind of cosmetic. Results show that the determination of sunscreen contents by sampling after propellant removal are more accurate than those without propellant removal, and the propellant-free sampling method is more reproducible with RSD less than 10%. The content of sunscreen agents in the sunscreen spray cosmetics containing propellant can be accurately determined by sampling after excluding the propellant. The measurement results of parallel samples have good reproducibility. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of ethanol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and glycerol in tobacco flavor with gas chromatography method KEN Sheng-ye,LI Feng,RAO Guo-hua,DUAN Qin,YANG Xue-yan,ZOU You 2019, 49 (5):  346-350.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.05.012 Abstract ( 714 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (859KB) ( 471 )   In order to accurately determine the content of solvents in tobacco flavors, a gas chromatography method was developed for the determination of ethanol, 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol in tobacco flavor using 1,4-butanediol as an internal standard. Thirty tobacco flavor samples were tested by this method. Results show that the limit of detection and limit of quantitation are 0.019-0.088 and 0.063-0.293 g/L, respectively. The recoveries are 97.5%-101.6% with the relative standard deviations（RSD）ranging from 0.61% to 0.89%. 1,2-propylene glycol is detected, while glycerol is not detected in all samples; ethanol is detected in thirteen samples. This method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, high sensitivity and high accuracy, and is suitable for the determination of ethanol, 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol in tobacco flavor. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics