Table of Content

22 July 2017, Volume 47 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Relationship between association behavior of PVP-SDS and the change of pH or reduced specific viscosity WU Ye-fan, XI Li-sha, FANG Yun, LIN Meng-chu, LI Xiu-xiu, ZHAI Ran 2017, 47 (7):  361-364.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.001 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (764KB) ( 352 )   Methods by means of pH and reduced specific viscosity measurement were established to study polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) association under various concentrations of SDS since pH and viscosity of the system are sensitive to aggregation behaviors.It is the fact that double critical concentrations of SDS in the PVP-SDS association can be characterized by both methods.The reduced specific viscosity method is more sensitive and accurate than the pH method for both the minimum and the maximum values appeared on reduced specific viscosity plots corresponding to double critical concentrations of SDS,whereas the advantage of the pH method is to support the important effect of hydrogen ion on establishment of the PVP-SDS association. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅶ) Applications of ionic liquid surfactants in chemical reactions XU Qing-jie, YANG Xu-zhao, WANG Ping, ZOU Wen-yuan, WANG Jun 2017, 47 (7):  365-368.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.002 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (926KB) ( 364 )   Because of the dual properties of organic solvent and excellent surface activity,ionic liquid surfactants are used to accelerate chemical reactions.Enzymatic reaction is enhanced with improved enzyme activity greatly by ionic liquid surfactants.Lewis acidic and Brönsted acidic ionic liquid surfactants are used to catalyze Ullmann-type coupling and esterification reactions.Poly-metal salts of oxy-acid or per-oxy acid,in combination with surfactant has been used separately to catalyze oxidation desulfurization of petroleum fractions and epoxidation of oleffins.CO2 hydrate is quickly formed by decreasing of the surface tension with ionic liquid surfactants and template action of cyclic cationics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Synthesis and performance of CO2 switchable amine surfactants ZHANG Peng, MEI Ping, LAI Lu 2017, 47 (7):  369-373.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.003 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 383 )   Surfactant tetradecyldiethylenetriamine (C14DETA) was synthesized with 1-bromotetradecane and diethylenetriamine as starting materials.Its structure was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectrum.Measurement of reversibility of conductivity,reversibility of pH values,and the opening action of synergistic effect with SDS demonstrate the good CO2 switchability of C14DETA.The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of tetradecyldiethylenetriamine bicarbonate (C14DETA-CO2) and the mixed system of SDS/C14DETA-CO2 are 1.0×10-2 and 1.0×10-4 mol/L respectively.Results of emulsifying performance of C14DETA-CO2 for n-decane/water system prove the good emulsifying power of C14DETA-CO2.The emulsion is water-in-oil type,and its better emulsifying conditions are:mass fraction of C14DETA-CO2,4%;and the volume ratio of oil/water,1∶1 or 1∶2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and flocculation performance of hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide GUO Rui, WANG Ying-yue, GUO Yu 2017, 47 (7):  374-378.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.004 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 443 )   With trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) as the hydrophobic monomer,acrylamide (AM) as main monomer,methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC) as cationic monomer,ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as composite initiator,the product copolymer P(AM-DMC-TFEMA) was synthesized using free radical micellar copolymerization method.Effects of reaction temperature,initiator dosage,mass fraction of total monomers and reaction time on the yield and level of cationization of P(AM-DMC-TFEMA) were examined.Better process conditions are suggested as following:reaction temperature,65 ℃;dosage of initiator,2% of total mass of the monomers;mass fraction of total monomers,26%;reaction time,3 h.The structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).Meanwhile,the flocculation effect of the product P(AM-DMC-TFEMA) on diatomaceous earth suspension was also examined.Results show that P(AM-DMC-TFEMA) displays good flocculation effect on diatomaceous earth,the flocculation time is only 20 s,and the ratio of the clear copolymer product liquid achieves 97.31%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of EU-1 zeolites with special morphology using double-headed quaternary ammonium salt and their catalytic performance GAO Li-xia, LI Xiao-feng, GAO Meng, LIU Xiao-zhen, LI Guo-dong, DOU Tao 2017, 47 (7):  379-383.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.005 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (2046KB) ( 330 )   Using double-headed quaternary ammonium salt C18-6-6Br2 as the assistant template,the EU-1 zeolites with special morphology were synthesized with hydrothermal method and vapor phase method.The product samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,NH3-TPD and N2 adsorption-desorption.Besides,xylene isomerization was used as the probe reaction to evaluate their catalytic performance.Results show that the addition of the double-headed quaternary ammonium salt C18-6-6Br2 can effectively change the morphology of the product,especially in the case of vapor phase method.The morphology of EU-1 zeolite synthesized by adding C18-6-6Br2 in the steam phase shows honeycomb,and both its strong acid content and weak acid content decrease.The total specific surface area and the total pore volume increases by 83.65% and 126.72% respectively.The yield of xylene (PX),the selectivity (Y(C8)) and the catalytic activity ([PX]/ΣX) significantly increases by 8.94%,6.44% and 6.01% respectively in the xylene isomerization reaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and water-retaining performance of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)/polyglycerol ZHOU Zheng-ming, CHEN Hong-ling 2017, 47 (7):  384-388.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.006 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (769KB) ( 254 )   Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)/polyglycerol water-retaining agent was prepared by esterification of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (simplified expressed as PMVE/MAH) and decaglycerol with solution-grafting method.Structure of the esterified product was characterized by FT-IR and thermo-gravimetric analysis.The effect of esterification rate on performance of the product were examined.In addition,thermal stability,water retention capacity,electrolyte resistance and reuse ability of the product were studied.Results show that the copolymer with the esterification rate of 12.5% displays the strongest water absorption,which achieves 353 g/g at pH=7 with good salt resistance;and the water absorption of the copolymer reaches 719 g/g at pH=8.Under the environment temperature 50 ℃ for 16 h,the water retention rate still achieves 67.2% of the original water retention rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on moisturizing efficacy of collagen peptides from salmon skin KONG Hui, XING Xiao-ping, SUN An-qi, CAO Yu-hua, CAO Guang-qun 2017, 47 (7):  389-393.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.007 Abstract ( 463 )   PDF (764KB) ( 329 )   Gelatin was extracted from salmon skin (hereinafter refers to as the gelatin) by acid leaching and water extraction.Then the gelatin were hydrolyzed enzymatically to prepare collagen peptides.More than 91.5% of the collagen peptides has a molecular weight of less than 1 000 Da.Five fractions from collagen peptides named S1,S2,S3,S4,S5 in decreasing order of molecular weight were separated by sephadex G-15.The study in vitro shows that when RH was 81%,the moisture absorption is a decreasing sequence as S5>S4>glycerol>collagen peptides>S3>S2>S1≈hyaluronic acid>the gelatin.The moisturizing effect shows a tendency of S5≈S4>S3>S2>glycerol>collagen peptides>S1>hyaluronic acid>the gelatin.When RH was 43%,the moisture absorption is a decreasing sequence as S5>glycerol>S4>collagen peptides≈S3>hyaluronic acid>S2>S1>the gelatin.The moisturizing effect is S5>S4>glycerol>S3≈collagen peptides>hyaluronic acid≈S2>S1>the gelatin.The skin test results show that collagen peptides from salmon skin significantly increase skin hydration and effectively decrease transepidermal water loss (TEWL),which is superior to that of the gelatin from salmon skin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of sun-screening cosmetic cream containing Chinese traditional herb medicine based on multiple emulsion technology MENG Xiao, XU Rui-lin, CHEN Qing-sheng, GONG Sheng-zhao 2017, 47 (7):  394-397.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.008 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (735KB) ( 286 )   Ethanol extraction method was used to extract seven kinds of Chinese traditional herb medicine (CTHM),including Ocimum basilicum et al.The extracts of CTHM were blended in accordance with equal mass to prepare blend extracts.UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the UV absorbance of the blend extracts.Results show that it has better UV absorption effect.Four decolorizing agents,activated carbon,KMnO4,H2O2,and oxalic acid were tested to determine the best decolorizing agent.Results show that oxalic acid displays good decolorizing effect and retains the UV absorbance significantly.Then the blend extracts wasformulated in the cosmetic cream based upon multiple emulsion technology with the blend extracts introduced into the internal phase of the W/O/W emulsion.Evaluation results show that,as comparing with that of the single emulsion,the multiple emulsion is more mild and stable,and when the dosage of the blend extracts achieves 15.0%,the value of SPF and PFA can achieve 20.3 and 5.3 respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of process technological conditions for obtaining fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme and detection of its moisturizing performance LIU Bing-yue, LIU Xue, WU Feng-juan, CAO Guang-qun, ZHANG Chen, YANG Jie 2017, 47 (7):  398-402.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.009 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (789KB) ( 310 )   Process technological conditions for obtaining fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme (FSF) via ultrasonic assisted enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase was optimized by orthogonal experiments.Factors that affect the yield of FSF,including solvent pH value,enzyme dosage,reaction temperature,cellulase hydrolysis time,and ultrasonic time were investigated.The better extraction conditions were as following:pH,4.5;enzyme dosage,1% of the mass of the raw material;reaction temperature,40 ℃;cellulase hydrolysis time,2 h;ultrasonic time,15 min;and material-liquid ratio,1∶10 (g∶mL).Under such conditions,the yield of FSF achieves 8.50%,and RSD=2.74%.The hygroscopicity (8 h) of crude extract of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme (CEFSF) is better than that of glycerin,butanediol,and sodium alginate.The moisture retention capacity of 1% CEFSF aqueous solution (mass fraction) is better than 1% butanediol (mass fraction) and 1% sodium alginate (mass fraction),which is equivalent to that of 5% glycerin (mass fraction),under relative humidity of 43% and 81%.The results of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss rate show that:5% CEFSF aqueous solution (mass fraction) shows a good moisturizing effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance of facial cleanser impacted by partial acidification of potassium cocoyl glycinate TANG Xiao-qin, CHEN Ming-hua, LI Fang-fang, REN Tian-hui 2017, 47 (7):  403-407.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.010 Abstract ( 829 )   PDF (1935KB) ( 567 )   Citric acid was used as acidifier to examine the influence of partial acidification of potassium cocoyl glycinate on crystallizing temperature,viscosity,appearance,microstructure,stability and foam performance of the facial cleanser system.It was found that partially acidulated potassium cocoyl glycinate in which the addition of citric acid is between 1.4%-2.8% displays the optimized performance in facial cleanser (pH=6.68-7.02),which indicates proper crystallizing temperature,viscosity at about 100 Pa·s,good stability,soft paste feeling,bright pearly luster appearance,fine foam,and satisfies the requirements for its practical application in the cleansing system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of antioxidant bacteria and optimization of conditions for fermentation of Rhodiola rosea with mixed bacteria DAI Yue, YU Xiao-bin 2017, 47 (7):  408-413.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.011 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (1543KB) ( 294 )   By determining the content of glutathione (GSH),SOD enzyme activity,and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability of 12 yeast strains and total reducing capacity,and superoxide anion free radical scavenging ability of 8 lactic acid bacteria,Y1 (Candida utilis) and L8 (Lactobacillus casei) with high antioxidant activity were screened.The changes of tyrosinase inhibition rate and total reducing capacity of 14 kinds of Chinese traditional herb medicine with mixed bacteria (Y1 and L8) were compared before and after fermentation.Based upon test results,it is suggested that Rhodiola rosea (after fermentation) is the best Chinese traditional herb medicine to be used.Rhodiola rosea as the starting material is to be hydrolyzed by cellulase-pectinase complex enzyme;with tyrosinase inhibition rate as the index;the conditions for fermentation of Rhodiola rosea with mixed bacteria were optimized by using response surface methodology.Results indicate that the conditions of Rhodiola rosea fermented by mixed bacteria can be recommended as follows:glucose mass fraction,12.35%;liquid-solid ratio,18.67∶1 (mL∶g);fermentation time,5.25 d.Under such conditions,the tyrosinase inhibition rate achieves 73.21%,which is 67.72% higher than that before the fermentation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Dispersion and stability of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium WU Feng-juan, ZHANG Chen, GAN Liang, NI Xin-jiong, LI Yun-xing, CAO Guang-qun 2017, 47 (7):  414-417.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.012 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF (691KB) ( 296 )   The dispersion process and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms for ultrafine particles in liquid medium were introduced,and the stabilizing mechanism for physical sun-screening slurry was discussed.At last,the currently existing evaluation methods of physical sun-screening slurry stability were illustrated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Simultaneous determination of five kinds of preservative in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography ZHANG Zhuo-na, LIN Shao-bin, YANG Yan-wei 2017, 47 (7):  418-420.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.07.013 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (740KB) ( 273 )   A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for determination of five kinds of preservative in cosmetics.A C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used as stationary phase,and methanol aqueous solution was used as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm and the column temperature was 25 ℃.The linearity range of the five kinds of preservative is 0-200 mg/L,and the method shows a good linear relationship.The detection limits for chlorphenesin,biphenyl-2-ol,chloroxylenol,chlorophene and triclosan achieve 0.10,0.10,0.15,0.25 and 0.30 mg/L respectively.The spiked recovery rate varies from 97.6% to 115%.The relative standard deviation achieves 0.30%-1.65% (n=6). References | Related Articles | Metrics