Table of Content

22 June 2017, Volume 47 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Study on rheological behaviors of pH-responsive wormlike micelles formed by an amine oxide surfactant ZHANG Meng, QI Li-yun, LONG Yu, WANG Ji-yuan, QI Song-zhu, HUANG Yuan-lin, FANG Xue-jin 2017, 47 (6):  301-306.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.001 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (898KB) ( 426 )   The aggregation behaviors of an amphoteric surfactant,α-carboxyl tridecyl dimethylamine oxide (CTAO) in aqueous solution at different pH values were examined by rheological method.Results show that wormlike micelles would form in CTAO aqueous solutions within concentration 55-125 mmol/L and pH value 6.0-6.7 at 25-60 ℃ without any additive.Their rheological behaviors comply with Maxwell model and the zero-shear viscosity can achieve 26.5 Pa·s.In case the pH value of the solution is higher than 7,form of the molecules of the surfactant in the solution changes and the repulsion between the molecules increases which results in the transition from wormlike micelles to spherical micelles.Meanwhile,the viscosity of the CTAO solution at pH value 7 is close to that of water and the zero-shear viscosity is about 1/4 000 of the solution with pH value 6.2.The pH-responsive micellar systems is obtained by a single-component surfactant CTAO,while displays distinct advantages of simple,narrow responsive pH value range,easy preparation and remarkable change of rheological properties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technolog

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Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅵ)Interfacial tension WANG Ping, YANG Xu-zhao, XU Qing-jie, ZOU Wen-yuan, WANG Jun 2017, 47 (6):  307-311.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.002 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (1463KB) ( 265 )   The interfacial tension between oil and water decreases due to the adsorption of ionic liquid surfactant at the interface.The more carbon number of the alkyl chain in the surfactant molecule,the higher ability for decreasing the interfacial tension.Pyridine based surfactants show higher hydrophobicity and higher interfacial tension decreasing capacity than that of imidazole based surfactants.Under existence of high concentration of inorganic salts,capacity of ionic liquid surfactants for decreasing the interfacial tension can be upgraded that achieves about 10-2 mN/m,which is better than the traditional surfactants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and applicatio

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Purification of tea saponin and its inhibition on tyrosinase activity SUN Jin-yi, CAI Chun-hui, LIANG Rong, YANG Cheng 2017, 47 (6):  312-316.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.003 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (782KB) ( 282 )   Purification of tea saponin as well as inhibitory effect and inhibiting mechanism for catalytic synthesis of DOPA quinone from L-DOPA by potato tyrosinase in vitro was examined.The tea saponin product that purchased from market,was treated with macroporous resin to get the preliminarily refined tea saponin product (TS).Then the TS were further purified by chromatographic method and two kinds of purified tea saponin product were produced as TS1 and TS2.Results show that at mass concentration of 100 g/L,the inhibition rate of the market product,the TS,TS1 and TS2 achieves 51.29%,90.06%,94.13% and 82.47% respectively.IC50 of TS and TS1 achieves 48 and 40 g/L respectively.The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots show that the action of TS and TS1 express as reversible and competitive inhibition for conversion of L-DOPA.The inhibition constants for the TS and TS1 achieves 137 and 101 g/L respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tyrosinase activity inhibition kinetics and skin irritation of Poria cocos extract CHEN Yu-xia, ZHANG Kai, GONG Sheng-zhao 2017, 47 (6):  317-321.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.004 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (767KB) ( 428 )   The kinetics of inhibitory effect of Poria cocos extract on monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase was studied.Test results show that Poria cocos extract efficiently inhibits both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase.Concentrations of Poria cocos extract leading to 50% activity lost (IC50) on monophenolase and diphenolase were calculated to be 0.008 and 0.040 g/L respectively.There is a lag time in the catalytic reaction process of the monophenolase.Inhibition of Poria cocos extract on activity of diphenolase of tyrosinase indicates a reversible effect.Lineweaver-Burk plots indicates that the inhibitor binds the enzyme reversibly other than reacts with it destructively.Lineweaver-Burk plots show that the inhibition type is a composite of competitive and non-competitive inhibition.On this basis,Poria cocos extract stimulus preliminary assessment was conducted with RBC hemolysis test,and results show that Poria cocos extract with a mass concentration of 2.000 g/L is non-stimulus while such concentration is far higher than IC50 of Poria cocos extract on monophenolase and diphenolase activity.It further indicates that Poria cocos extract displays whitening effect under the condition of the security.This suggests that Poria cocos extract with mass concentration range of 0.200~0.800 g/L is safe,for whitening cosmetic use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on synthesis and performance of a high moisturizing silicone wax SONG Min-zi-mo, ZHENG Cheng, YE Jia-rong, LUO Fang-ran 2017, 47 (6):  322-325.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.005 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (801KB) ( 271 )   A high moisturizing silicone wax was synthesized with hydrogen-terminated silicone oil and 1-octadecene as starting materials.Effects of molar ratio of the reactants,reaction temperature and reaction time on conversion were examined by single factor test and orthogonal test.Structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectrum,and its moisturizing capacity were studied.The experimental results show that reaction temperature displays great influence on the reaction conversion,and the optimum reaction conditions are as follows:n(terminal hydrogen containing silicone oil)∶n(1-octadecene)=1∶24;reaction temperature,125 ℃;reaction time,5 h.Under such optimum reaction conditions,the conversion rate reaches 92.87%.Then the infrared spectrum shows that the synthetic compound produced is the targeted product.Comparison with respect to the moisturizing capacity between the targeted product and traditional silicone wax product purchased from the market was made.Result shows that the targeted product displays better moisturizing efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction for antibacterial active ingredient of Phryma leptostachya L.and its mechanism for bacteria inhibition ZHANG Mei-ling, LIANG Rong, CAO Guang-qun, YANG Cheng 2017, 47 (6):  326-330.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.006 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (2604KB) ( 298 )   Technological conditions for extraction of antibacterial active ingredient in Phryma leptostachya L.by ethanol was optimized.Then the extract was further extracted by a water immiscible organic solvent chloroform to enrich the effective antibacterial active ingredient (PAI).Extraction under the condition of ethanol volume fraction 80%,60 ℃,ratio of solid to liquid 1∶30 (g∶mL) and 4 h shows the optimal results,and the remaining aqueous phase raffinate after extraction with chloroform shows strong antibacterial activity.The diameter of inhibition zone for S.aureus and E.coli are (24.32±0.65) and (25.44±1.10) mm respectively,and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) are 6.25 and 3.12 g/L respectively.In addition,the bacterial growth curve,cell membrane permeability and cell morphology observation are applied to examine the inhibition mechanism on S.aureus and E.coli.Results show that PAI mainly effects on the logarithmic growth phase and destroys the permeability of the cell membrane as well as the structure of the cell wall;thus the bacteria are inhibited by multiple-hurdle effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of extraction of total flavonoids from Zingiber striolatum Diels assisted by surfactant and microwave MA Ming-lan, LIU Yang, WANG Yuan, CAI Yi, ZHANG Hai-tao 2017, 47 (6):  331-335.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.007 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (755KB) ( 352 )   Flavonoids was extracted from Zingiber striolatum Diels under assistance of microwave as well as surfactant.The effects of the type and amount of surfactant,microwave irradiation power,irradiation time,base material to liquid ratio and pH value on the yield of flavonoids were examined.On the basis of single factor experiment,the extraction technology of flavonoids was optimized by orthogonal experimental design.The recommended conditions were determined as follows:the mass fraction of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate,10.5%;microwave irradiation power,550 W;microwave irradiation time,2.4 min;based material to liquid ratio,1∶40 (g∶mL);pH=4.0.The average yield of the total flavonoids achieves 12.7%.As comparing with the hot reflux method,ultrasonic extraction method and microwave extraction method,the extraction rate of flavonoids was increased by 41.1%,56.8% and 46.0%,respectively.The method shows high extraction efficiency and simple operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of self-crosslinking polyacrylic esteremulsion and its application in water-based nail polish CHEN Xi-hui, WAN Xiang-long, MIN Fan-fei, HAO Guo-fang 2017, 47 (6):  336-340.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.008 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (3526KB) ( 336 )   Self-crosslinking polyacrylic ester emulsion was synthesized by pre-emulsification polymerization method and a kind of water-based nail polish was prepared using the emulsion as basic material.Performance indices,such as hydrophilic and hydrophobic property as well as hardness and abrasion-proof etc of the film formed by the emulsion and other nail polish commodities were tested and compared.Results show that the self-crosslinking polyacrylic ester water-based nail polish can meet all the requirements for sensory and physical-chemical indices of QB/T 2287-2011.Its film contact angle reaches to 64.54° that indicating a better hydrophobicity as comparing with other non-crosslinked nail polish films.At the same time,its hardness reaches to HB pencil level,with the abrasion loss (100 r/min) of 34.58 mg and good adhesion level.Its conventional performance is excellent.As comparing with the solvent-based nail polishes,the self-crosslinking nail polish shows no corrosive effect on the nail,and safety in application can be achieved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Testing for thickening and ion resisting effect of polyacrylic acid type thickeners in cosmetics LIU Xiao-min, LONG Chun-xia 2017, 47 (6):  341-344.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.009 Abstract ( 1141 )   PDF (720KB) ( 478 )   The thickening and ion resisting effect of five kinds of polyacrylic acid type common thickeners were tested.Viscosity of their aqueous solutions at different mass fraction were measured,and the variations of viscosity with pH value were examined.Results show that co-polymer Carbomer 940 displays the best thickening performance,but its viscosity varies with pH value 2-11.The thickening effect of co-polymers that contain metal ions AVS,EMT-10 and HMB displays a general state,and their viscosity is stable within pH value 5-11.The thickening effect of bulk-polymer Zen is the lowest,while its viscosity is stable within pH value 2-8.NaCl and MgCl2 were added separately to aqueous solution of the five kinds of thickener to examine the influence of common ions in cosmetics on their viscosity.Addition of the salts declines the stability of the aqueous solution of all the five kinds of thickener.However,bulk-polymer Zen displays the best ion resistance.Blends composed of Carbomer 940 and Zen were tested,and their thickening and ion resistance were measured.Result shows that there is synergic effect for thickening performance of the Carbomer 940-Zen system.Both thickening effect and ion resistance can be improved by blending of Carbomer 940 and Zen. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Progress in research work field with respect to effects of metal ions on protease LI Jing, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Yong-xiang 2017, 47 (6):  345-351.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.010 Abstract ( 780 )   PDF (1682KB) ( 542 )   Structure and properties of protease were briefed.Effects of separate metal ions on the protease,including activity,stability and structure were compared systematically.Current research work suggests that the possible mechanisms of the effects of metal ions on protease are mainly catalytic action,structure formation and regulation.Modern technology plays an important role in revealing the significance of the relationship between structure and function of protease as well as the mechanism of interactions between metal ions and protease.Mechanism of interactions between metal ions and protease is summarized and pondered.Outlooks for future applications of protease is prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in research work field for detection of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in detergent products and cosmetics GU Yu-xiang 2017, 47 (6):  352-356.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.011 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (736KB) ( 539 )   Properties,applications and safety evaluation of nonylphenol,octylphenol,nonylphenol ethoxylates and octylphenol ethoxylates were described.The regulations and standards for alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates related to detergent products in China as well as in foreign countries were briefed.An overview of detection methods for nonylphenol,octylphenol,nonylphenol ethoxylates and octylphenol ethoxylates composed in detergent products and cosmetics was reviewed.Operation technique and attention to be paid in the detection process were emphatically presented. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Simultaneous determination of six kinds of anti-dandruff agent in hair shampoo by high performance liquid chromatography NIU Shui-jiao, TANG Zi-an, LI Qi-yan, WANG Xiao-bing, LI Jun-jie, YU Hai-ying 2017, 47 (6):  357-360.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.06.012 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (731KB) ( 324 )   A method for simultaneous determination of six kinds of anti-dandruff agent including hexamidine diisethionate,salicylic acid,pyrithione zinc,ketoconazole,climbazole and octopirox in hair shampoo was established by high performance liquid chromatography with an Atlantis T3 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).A mixture of acetonitrile-methanol aqueous solution (0.01 mol/L KH2PO4 and 0.5 mmol/L Na2EDTA) was at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min used as HPLC mobile phase for gradient elution at room temperature;while 5 μL of which was injected for analysis.Following are the results.The linearity range of hexamidine diisethionate,salicylic acid,ketoconazole and climbazole is 4-200 mg/L,pyrithione zinc is 2-100 mg/L,as well as 5-250 mg/L for octopirox.All of which have a fine linear relation with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999.The spiked recoveries of six components vary from 96.2% to 102.0%.The relative standard deviations of intra and inter day precision are 0.17%-0.89% and 0.27%-1.30%.The limits of detection range from 5 to 25 mg/kg,also 15-75 mg/kg as the limits of quantification. References | Related Articles | Metrics