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Table of Content

    22 May 2024, Volume 54 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    Basic research
    Studies on the structure-function relationship of polyether-type demulsifiers based on density functional theory
    Haifeng He, Limei Sun, Fengbin Yang, Lingfeng Liu, Gang Wang, Bin Yu, Da Wu
    2024, 54 (5):  499-506.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.001
    Abstract ( 102 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (2691KB) ( 299 )  

    The use of chemical demulsifiers in the treatment process of crude oil dehydration can greatly improve work efficiency and save costs. Among them, polyether demulsifiers are the most widely used, and studies on their structure-function relationship are crucial for the development and application of new demulsifiers. In this work, the demulsification effects of several polyether demulsifiers and reverse demulsifiers were evaluated and compared. Then corresponding model molecules were selected according to the structural characteristics of asphaltene molecules and the categories of polyether demulsifiers and reverse demulsifiers. Their optimal molecular geometries and electrostatic potential distribution diagrams were obtained through the B3LYP/6-31G basis set in density functional theory (DFT). The interaction energy between a polyether demulsifier model molecule and an asphaltene model molecule, and the interaction energy between a polyether demulsifier model molecule and a water molecule, were both calculated using the functional M062X/6-31G basis set for several kinds of polyether demulsifiers. Combined with the evaluation results of demulsification performance of polyether demulsifiers and reverse demulsifiers, their structure-function relationships were analyzed. It shows that the difference in the demulsification performance of demulsifiers deduced from theoretical chemical calculation is consistent with their demulsification effects experimentally measured. Those polyether demulsifiers with branched structure and higher polymerization degree have better demulsification effects than those with linear structure and lower polymerization degree. In addition, polyether-grafted phenolic resin has better demulsification effect than polyether-grafted phenol-amine resin. Among the inverse demulsifiers investigated, polyol polyether inverse demulsifier has the best demulsification effect. Therefore, it is feasible to study the structure-function relationship of demulsifiers with DFT method, which can provide theoretical basis and reference for the preparation and selection of new demulsifiers in future.

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    Synthesis and self-assembly of an azobenzene-containing dipeptide surfactant
    Linlin Zhao, Yutian Jiao, Li Zhao, Ce Wang, Baocai Xu
    2024, 54 (5):  507-513.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.002
    Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1904KB) ( 49 )  

    A glycylglycine-derived surfactant containing an azobenzene moiety as terminal (Azo-C6-GG) was synthesized. Azo-C6-GG self-assembled into vesicles driven by several non-covalent interactions. The trans-azobenzene transformed to cis-azobenzene after the irradiation of UV light, and vesicles were still formed in this cis-Azo-C6-GG system. A supra-amphiphile (Azo-C6-GG@α-CD) was formed after the addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), which formed vesicles in aqueous solution. The azobenzene group was embedded into the cavity of α-CD, and meanwhile, the CD ring shuttled between the alkyl chain and the azobenzene group. After the UV light irradiation, the alkyl chain was embedded into the cavity of α-CD. The Azo-C6-GG@α-CD complexes were found to self-assemble into vesicles both before and after the UV light irradiation.

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    Development and application
    Study on the synthesis of methyl benzoate from benzoic acid catalyzed by dual-core piperazine-based ionic liquids
    Xiang Li, Hui Yin, Yuyang Kuang, Ning Liu
    2024, 54 (5):  514-519.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.003
    Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1588KB) ( 268 )  

    Benzoates are important intermediates for preparing perfume essence and artificial essential oils. For conventional esterification of benzoic acid with methanol, protonic acids such as HCl, H2SO4, have been used, which is harmful to equipment and shows low product yield. Using ionic liquids as solvents or catalysts can make the reaction conditions stable, recyclable, and environment-friendly, and lead to high product yield. In this work, a series of sulfonic-acid-functionalized dual-core piperazine-based ionic liquids, such as 1, 4-bis [N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)]piperazine bis(p-toluenesulfonate) ([BMSP][PSA]), 1, 4-bis [N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)] piperazine dimethanesulfonate ([BMSP][MSA]), and 1, 4-bis [N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)] piperazine bis(hydrosulfate) ([BMSP][SA]), were synthesized by a two-step process. The molecular structure of[BMSP][PSA] was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and TGA-DTG. It exhibited good thermal stability. The results showed that the three sulfonic-acid-functionalized dual-core piperazine-based ionic liquids had excellent catalytic activity, among which the synthesized [BMSP][PSA] exhibited the best catalytic activity. The conversion of benzoic acid reached 97.6% under the conditions of alcohol-acid ratio of 16∶1, reaction temperature of 70 ℃, reaction time of 3 h, and catalyst dosage of 3 mmol. The conversion for esterification still reached 93.9% after 4 cycles with the catalyst, which showed excellent catalytic activity. Therefore, it was a good candidate of green catalyst for industrial production.

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    Preparation of 4-butylresorcinol-loaded cinnamon oil microemulsion-gel and its whitening and antioxidative effects
    Chuyuan Wei, Xiaoping Zhang, Jing Pan, Pei Peng, Yajuan Zhang, Chaofeng Mu
    2024, 54 (5):  520-526.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.004
    Abstract ( 97 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1453KB) ( 73 )  

    The 4-butylresorcinol-containing cinnamon oil microemulsion-gel was prepared and its pharmaceutical properties were investigated. Its whitening and antioxidant properties were evaluated. Cinnamon oil microemulsion containing 4-butylresorcinol is clear and transparent in appearance. Its particle size is 15.68 nm and the coefficient of dispersity (PDI) is 0.185. The microemulsion-gel is prepared by using carbopol and Bletilla striata (T.) Reichb. F. polysaccharides as the gel matrix with the pH value at 6.0 and the viscosity at 74.8 Pa·s. In this study, the whitening effect of 4-butylresorcinol-containing cinnamon oil microemulsion-gel was determined by measuring the tyrosinase inhibition. It is shown that the tyrosinase inhibition of 4-butylresorcinol-loaded cinnamon oil microemulsion-gel gradually enhances with its concentration increasing. The tyrosinase inhibition activity of microemulsion-gels is higher than that of the free 4-butylresorcinol and arbutin at the same concentration. The antioxidant effect of 4-butylresorcinol-loaded cinnamon oil microemulsion-gel on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced oxidative damage was tested in B16-F10 cells. The results show that microemulsion-gel has excellent antioxidant effect by reducing ROS production.

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    Study on the application of surface active polymers in detergents
    Qinggang Liu, Yuhuan Yan, Hechao Pan, Xue Chen
    2024, 54 (5):  527-534.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.005
    Abstract ( 74 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1553KB) ( 62 )  

    An acrylic copolymer modified with surface active groups (HS-C) was studied. Its structural characteristics, polymer properties (chelation and anti-deposition) and surface activity (surface tension, critical micelle concentration, wettability, emulsification, foaming and detergency) were investigated. The performance of HS-C was compared with that of commonly used chelating agents, anti-redeposition agents and surfactants, respectively. The results of FT-IR showed that the main structure of HS-C was similar to that of unmodified sodium polyacrylate (PM), but with more unsaturated bonds and alcohol and/or ether groups. The experimental results showed that the chelation value of HS-C was 554.70 mg/g, which was higher than that of EDTA·4Na and GLDA·4Na but slightly lower than that of PM. Its anti-deposition performance to carbon black was close to that of commercially available anti-redeposition agent SRP, whereas PM had no anti-deposition effect to carbon black. The critical micelle concentration and equilibrium surface tension of HS-C were 0.005% and 41.85 mN/m, respectively. Its wetting and foaming properties were relatively poorer than those of LAS, AEO-9 and AES, but its emulsifying ability was better than that of low-molecular-weight surfactants. HS-C had detergency superior to LAS, and there was synergistic effect when combined with LAS, AEO-9 and AES.

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    Using the Dermal-pharmacokinetics method to study the absorption process of skin care active ingredients by iontophoresis
    Jianjie Cui, Anrui Cai, Yiwei Zhao
    2024, 54 (5):  535-541.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.006
    Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1395KB) ( 46 )  

    Cosmetics require sufficient amounts of active ingredients to reach and maintain in the skin and superficial tissues to perform their corresponding functions. Therefore, it is important to study the absorption process of the active ingredients of cosmetics in the skin. It is difficult to evaluate the effect of physically facilitated transdermal technology such as iontophoresis by using Franz diffusion cell method and Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) method. Dermato-pharmacokinetic (DPK) method can be not only used to evaluate the bioequivalence of bioavailability of the drug, but also can be used to evaluate difference of bioavailability of the active substance in cosmetics. Four mask products were used on the randomly marked areas of thirty volunteers respectively, including: mask 1 (complete circuit & transdermal enhancer), mask 2 (complete circuit), mask 3 (damage circuit & transdermal enhancer) and mask 4 (damage circuit). After 30 minutes, removed the mask and wiped the test site with a dry paper towel. Used D100 tape and pressure stick to tear off 21 times. The tape pasted for the 1st time was discarded, and the tape of 2nd to 21st time was frozen in the centrifuge tube. Quantitative tests of every five tapes were performed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS). The test results shown that the concentration of active ingredient in the stratum corneum was highest by use the mask with complete circuit & transdermal enhancer, the worst is the mask with damage circuit, and the middle is the masks with complete circuit or damage circuit & transdermal enhancer. DPK test can be used to evaluate the physically facilitated transdermal technology for cosmetics.

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    Physiological and biochemical responses of quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics to Chlorella pyrenoidosa
    Longda Du, Litang Qin, Lingyun Mo, Yanpeng Liang, Xiaohong Song, Honghu Zeng
    2024, 54 (5):  542-549.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.007
    Abstract ( 48 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1379KB) ( 34 )  

    Quinolones and tetracyclines are prevalent antibiotics in aquatic environment, posing potential ecological risks to the aquatic environment. However, the biochemical harm of these antibiotics to Chlorella pyrenoidosa has not been studied, and studies on the mechanism of their toxic effects in green algae are relatively few. In this work, three common quinolone antibiotics (ofloxacin (OFX), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP)) and two tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC)) were used as target contaminants. Their inhibition rates on algal cell growth and their physiological and biochemical responses to chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total protein (TP) and trace malondialdehyde (MDA) at 96 h exposure were studied. The results showed that, the effects of growth inhibition for these five antibiotics were all positively correlated with Chl a; the MDA content was increased with increasing concentrations under antibiotic exposure except for CIP; the exposure to two tetracyclines enhanced SOD activity, while the exposure to quinolone antibiotics reduced SOD activity. CIP promoted the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at low concentrations but inhibited it at high concentrations. The maximum promotion was 17.39%, which was ascribed to the accelerated photosynthetic rate and the enhanced CAT activity in algal cells when exposed to CIP. All these five antibiotics showed some promotion effect on TP. This work could provide reference for assessment of the potential risks of these five antibiotics on aquatic ecosystems.

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    Study on the anti-aging effect of red slate fish gelatin collagen in mice skin caused by D-galactose
    Biluan Zhong, Jingru Liao, Zemin Huang, Ruoran Yao, Bing Du, Yu Zhang
    2024, 54 (5):  550-557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.008
    Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2915KB) ( 63 )  

    Red slate fish gelatin was used as the raw material, and collagen was extracted by acid enzyme method. Physicochemical properties were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid composition analysis. A senescent mice model was established with D-galactose to investigate its effects on the water content, hydroxyproline content, skin pathological morphology, and antioxidant activity of the mice. The results show that the collagen consists of two α-chains and one β-chain, which is a typical type Ⅰ collagen. Collagen contains characteristic amino acids such as glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and proline, which account for 13.890%, 8.601%, 7.650% and 7.124% of the total amino acid content, respectively, and does not contain tryptophan. After being modeled by D-galactose, the results of moisturising and skin-care experiments show that the model group compared with the control group, the skin of mice is rough and loose, the number of wrinkles and antioxidant capacity decrease, the moisture content of the skin and the content of hydroxyproline decrease by 13.52% and 26.2%, respectively, and the content of collagen fibres and elastin fibres reduced, some of which are obviously disconnected. After the intervention of red slate fish gelatin collagen, it can significantly improve the water loss of mouse back skin caused by D-galactose stimulation, enhance the resistance to oxidative stress of mouse skin tissues, and basically restore the skin structure of the collagen group, with the content of collagen fibres and elastic fibres of the skin elevated, and the proportion of type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen elevated by 9.79%. In conclusion, collagen prepared from red slate fish gelatin can delay the skin aging caused by D-galactose, which can provide a basis for the high value utilisation of collagen in the field of cosmetics.

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    Optimization and application of anti-glycation (in vitro) evaluation method based on the thermal glycation method
    Yuxin Song, Linlin Xu, Yao Tong, Kun Dong, Congfen He
    2024, 54 (5):  558-565.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.009
    Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1295KB) ( 40 )  

    In response to the increasing demand for anti-glycation ingredient screening, existing biochemical anti-glycation evaluation systems(in vitro), anti-glycation cell models and human efficacy evaluation methods have extended lead times and high costs. They are not suitable for large-scale primary screening of ingredients. An in vitro efficacy evaluation model with short experimental lead time, low cost, simple operation, and good reproducibility for preliminary screening of anti-glycation ingredients is urgently needed. In this study, we optimized the in vitro biochemical anti-glycation evaluation system based on the thermal glycation method and investigated the suitability of the screening of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) and degraded fluorescent AGEs by testing eight ingredients, including ferulic acid, procyanidins, rutin and L-ascorbic acid. The screening results were compared with the results of the AGEs-collagen cross-linkage disruption experiments that have been published to test the degradation ability of AGEs, and the screening ability, advantages and limitations of the system were discussed and analyzed. We confirm that the better conditions in building the model are: a reaction system consisting of 20 mg/mL BSA, 1 mol/L glucose, and 0.1 mol/L PBS buffer, a reaction temperature of 50 ℃, an incubation time of 48 h, and a detection wavelength of λex/λem=370/452 nm. In the test of inhibition/degradation of fluorescent AGEs, ferulic acid, procyanidin and rutin solutions at the tested content of 2% achieve 56%, 86% and 95% inhibition, respectively, with good anti-glycation effect, and ferulic acid and rutin show a trend of potential degradation of AGEs. The optimized system, though, has some limitations in the application of degrading fluorescent AGEs, compared with the method of AGEs-collagen cross-link disruption ability test, in terms of control system setting and experimental results. However, in the screening of ingredients for the inhibition of fluorescent AGEs, the stability and authenticity of the results are good, and the test cycle is significantly shortened, which provides a rapid, stable and economic cost-saving technical platform for the screening of anti-glycation efficacy additives and the development of related products.

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    Study on the mechanism and efficacy of controlling oil and shrinking pores in fermentation broth of Fomes officinalis
    Yang Song, Yongbo Lv, Hankun Ren, Jiaolong Peng
    2024, 54 (5):  566-573.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.010
    Abstract ( 109 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (2213KB) ( 86 )  

    The fermentation broth of Fomes officinalis was obtained by two-way fermentation of Fomes officinalis and Lactococcus lactis, and the contents of active components in the fermentation broth and aqueous extract were detected. The effects of Fomes officinalis fermentation broth on oil control and pore contraction were studied from the aspects of molecule, cell, animal and human body. The fermentation of Fomes officinalis has higher content of active components, can reduce the production of ABTS free radicals, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, regulate the activity of 5α reductase, reduce skin oil secretion, promote the expression of type Ⅰ collagen (COL-Ⅰ), inhibit the expression of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), have the tendency of shrinking pores. It has the potential to become a cosmetic raw material with the effect of oil control and pore refining.

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    Sol-gel synthesis and properties of titanium dioxide for cosmetics
    Hong Ma, Yan Wang
    2024, 54 (5):  574-580.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.011
    Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (2440KB) ( 51 )  

    Three kinds of sunscreen agents, titanium dioxide, strontium titanate and barium titanate were synthesized by sol-gel method. Crystal structure characterization shows that titanium dioxide is tetragonal rutile phase TiO2, with space group P42/mnm (136).Strontium titanate is cubic crystal system with space group Pm-3m (221). Barium titanate is tetragonal with space group P4/mmm (123). It is found that titanium dioxide and barium titanate are pure phases, while strontium titanate contains a small amount of C-O functional groups. SEM and TEM results show that the particles of titanium dioxide, strontium titanate and barium titanate are approximately spherical, and the average particle size is 30, 40 and 60 nm, respectively. The optical properties show that titanium dioxide, strontium titanate and barium titanate have high UV absorption coefficients, and the optical absorption coefficient of titanium dioxide can be extended to 400 nm. The calculated optical bandgap values of titanium dioxide, strontium titanate and barium titanate are 3.03, 3.27 and 3.25 eV, respectively. The results show that titanium dioxide has a wide UV absorption capacity and uniform particle distribution, with a white color, which can be potentially used in various spices, sunscreen, saponin, white soap and toothpaste.

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    Reviews
    Application of surfactants in the preparation of MOFs
    Xuzhao Yang, Kangkang Yuan, Longhuan Wu, Caiqi Niu, Yingying Zhang, Yakun Li, Jun Wang
    2024, 54 (5):  581-587.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.012
    Abstract ( 46 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (3846KB) ( 60 )  

    Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have outstanding advantages such as large specific surface area, adjustable pore size and controllable properties. MOFs have a wide range of applications in gas storage, adsorption and separation, catalytic reactions, sensing, etc. Surfactants can be employed in the preparation of MOFs to control the size, pore size and geometry of the crystals. Surfactants can also limit the longitudinal growth of the nanocrystals and promote the formation of 2D structures. Moreover, the MOFs thus prepared have a stable structure and are not prone to collapse. In this review, the applications of conventional surfactants and special surfactants such as Gemini surfactants and ionic liquid surfactants in the preparation of MOFs as templating agents and capping agents were reviewed. The roles of surfactants in precise control of the morphology and porosity of hierarchically porous MOFs were prospected, as well as those special surfactants and their applications. This review pointed out the direction for application of surfactants in preparation of MOFs and provide more pathways for preparation of MOFs.

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    Correlation of cosmetic nanomaterials attributes and their efficacy
    Qiong Chen, Zheng Zhang, Zhe Su, Gangli Wang, Jiasheng Tu, Chunmeng Sun
    2024, 54 (5):  588-595.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.013
    Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 81 )  

    With the growth of nanotechnology, using nanomaterials in the cosmetics industry is becoming more common. Based on the cosmetic nanomaterials included in European Union regulations and the evaluation work of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), this paper summarizes the essential information of five cosmetic nanomaterials, including 1, 3, 5-Triazine, 2, 4, 6-tris[1, 1’-biphenyl]-4-yl-, zinc oxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol. It compares the general characterization methods and limit requirements of their primary physicochemical properties. To identify the critical material characteristics that affect the quality of cosmetic nanomaterials and to offer helpful assistance for quality control of the related products, additional investigation of the physicochemical properties that have significant relevance to cosmetic nanomaterials is conducted.

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    Comparative study on the models of social organizations participating in cosmetics governance from an international perspective
    Haoting Huang, Zhengdong Chen, Ziting Chen, Yuman Yang, Zhijie Xie, Zuoren Liu
    2024, 54 (5):  596-604.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.014
    Abstract ( 59 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (988KB) ( 30 )  

    The study aims to comprehensively understand the models of social organizations in developed economies of the international cosmetics industry participating in cosmetics governance, to form experiences and methods that can be used for reference, and to provide suggestions for China social organizations to fully play their role. Based on the theory of embedded autonomy, compared and analyzed the “autonomy-embedded” of social organizations participating in cosmetics governance in the America, European Union, Japan and China from the governance concept, governance structure and governance method, we construct an analysis framework for the mode of social organizations participating in cosmetics governance. Then four models are derived: strong autonomy-strong embedded collaborative governance represented by America, strong autonomy-weak embedded association autonomy represented by the European Union, joint governance with central autonomy and embedded represented by Japan, and weak autonomy-strong embedded administrative leadership represented by China. At the same time, combined with China actual situation, it puts forward suggestions on innovating the participation of China social organizations in cosmetics governance, such as attaching importance to leading the sustainable development of the cosmetics industry in governance concepts, firmly guiding the development of social organizations through the government in governance structure, and paying attention to the role of social organizations in governance methods.

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    Multi-photon imaging technology and its application in cosmetic evaluation
    Jiaqi Zhang, Fan Wu, Yuqing Han, Qi Liu, Junjie Wang, Yao Pan
    2024, 54 (5):  605-613.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.015
    Abstract ( 95 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (6501KB) ( 78 )  

    Multi-photon imaging technology is an optical imaging method that has been used to observe the structure of human skin tissue, which is based on the near-infrared lasers at different wavelengths. Endogenous fluorescent components in specific skin tissues or exogenous fluoresce-labeled substances can emit different fluorescence excited by the light, thereby observing and distinguishing specific tissue structures in different skin layers. In recent years, multi-photon imaging technology has gradually been applied to cosmetic evaluation, such as evaluating the effects of cosmetics on anti-wrinkle, whitening, spot removing and skin penetration. It can evaluate the effect of anti-wrinkle by monitoring the changes of skin metabolism or morphology, classify the specific skin type, evaluate the efficacy of cosmetics whitening ingredients by quantifying the distribution and content of melanin, and visualize the process of skin penetration of cosmetic ingredients. The objective and visual images have broad prospects which can provide quantitative results. This review summarizes the application and progress of this in vivo, non-invasive and accurate three-dimensional method in cosmetic evaluation.

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    Analytical methods and testing
    Rapid determination of free ethanolamine compounds in cosmetics by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    Guangfeng Zeng, Zhiyuan Wang, Jianjun Xie, Lu Wang, Yingye Hou, Jie Dong
    2024, 54 (5):  614-620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.05.016
    Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 58 )  

    A stable isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the determination of three free ethanolamine compounds in cosmetics. The ethanolamine compounds were extracted with isopropanol and separated by Kinetex HILIC chromatographic column with isocratic elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water solution (V/V). The samples were ionized by positive ion mode of electrospray ionization source and determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Optimization was conducted using single factor experiments for the best conditions of determination. The optimum determination conditions are using isopropanol by ultrasonic extraction for 20 min. Under this combination of conditions, the ranges of internal standard curves for monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine are 5.0-200 μg/L, 2.0-200 μg/L and 1.0-200 μg/L, respectively, with the correlation coefficient R2 greater than 0.999. The average recovery rate ranges from 87.1% to 97.0%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) are between 1.68%-6.57%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification are 3.00-15.0 µg/kg and 10.0-50.0 µg/kg, respectively. The established method is used for the detection of 61 cosmetic samples. The method is simple operation, accurate quantification, stable recovery, high sensitivity and high precision and suitable for the determination of free ethanolamine compounds in cosmetics.

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