Table of Content

22 May 2022, Volume 52 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Effects of rheological modifiers on the rheological properties and stability of W/O emulsions Dong Leilei,Huang Tianyi,Duan Guolan,Chen Hanjun,Zhang Wanping,Zhang Qianjie 2022, 52 (5):  457-467.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.001 Abstract ( 420 )   HTML ( 132 )   PDF (2035KB) ( 447 )   W/O emulsions were prepared by homogeneous emulsification method. The effects of water-soluble polymers （xanthan gum and sodium hyaluronate）and oil-phase thickeners （glyceryl behenate and dimethyl distearyl ammonium lithium-montmorillonite） on the stability and rheological properties of W/O emulsions were studied. The experimental results showed that the stability of W/O emulsions was decreased under different stability testing conditions after the addition of xanthan gum. When sodium hyaluronate was added, the storage stability of the emulsion was decreased at room temperature, but the storage stability at high temperature was improved. The storage stabilities at room temperature and high temperature were both increased when glyceryl behenate was added to the W/Oemulsions. With the addition of dimethyl distearyl ammonium lithium-montmorillonite, the stability of the emulsion was enhanced under different conditions. After the addition of water-soluble polymers, the water-phase viscosity was increased, but the apparent viscosity of W/O emulsions was significantly decreased and the range of linear viscoelastic region became narrow. This might be due to the increased viscosity of the inner water phase which prevented the adsorption of emulsifier molecules at the oil/water interface. The apparent viscosity and linear viscoelastic region of W/Oemulsions were both increased with the addition of oil-phase thickeners, which might be related to the decrease of emulsion droplet size and the change of oil-water interface energy. In addition, the hysteresis loop area of emulsions was decreased to different extent with the addition of rheological modifiers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The interaction of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-pearl powder and its stabilization of the double phase inversion in emulsions Zhang Qianjie,Shen Xingliang,Sheng Taotao,Zhang Wanping,Xu Jianying 2022, 52 (5):  468-475.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.002 Abstract ( 199 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (1337KB) ( 279 )   The effect of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） on the type and microstructure of Pickering emulsions prepared with biomass-based pearl powder were systematically studied. The double phase inversion from O/W type to W/O type and then to O/W type of emulsions stabilized by CTAB/pearl powder was analyzed. The interaction between CTAB and pearl powder particles was analyzed by dispersion observation, Zeta potential determination, the three-phase contact angles characterization and fluorescent labeling of pearl powder. The results show that pearl powder can stabilize O/W Pickering emulsions when CTAB is not added or the concentration of CTAB is low （0.01 mmol/L）, and the emulsion droplets are not spherical and have coalescence. When the concentration of CTAB increases to 0.05 mmol/L and 0.20 mmol/L, the adsorption of CTAB on the surface of pearl powder enhances the hydrophobicity of the particles, and the change of wettability leads to the phase inversion of the emulsion from O/W type to W/O type. At the same time, the microstructure of the emulsions is spherical and the size distribution is narrow. As the concentration of CTAB increases to 0.90 mmol/L, CTAB replaces the pearl powder particles at the oil-water interface. Fluorescence microscope observation verifies that the O/W emulsion formed is stabilized by excessive CTAB. That is, by simply increasing the concentration of CTAB, the emulsion can realize the double phase inversion from O/W type to W/O type, and then to O/W type. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅴ）Functional protein material with excellent biocompatibility: collagen peptide Fan Jianru,Qi Xi,Hao Yang,Wang Changyun,Xu Guiyun,Fan Jinshi 2022, 52 (5):  476-485.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.003 Abstract ( 326 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (1765KB) ( 502 )   Collagen peptide, one kind of polypeptides mixture with both nutrition and physiological regulation function, is extracted from animal tissues. Collagen peptide can be seen as a hydrolyzed product of collagen, the main protein in connective tissues of animal, but with different microstructure from that of collagen. The three peptide chains of collagen are connected by covalent bond and hydrogen bond, and the three-strand helix structure remains intact, while the three-strand helix structure of collagen is completely loosened to form three unconnected single peptide chains as for collagen peptide. For possessing a large amount of excellent properties, such as low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, hemostatis, biodegradability, nutrition, moisture retention, skin whitening, anti-wrinkle, anti-aging, lipid-lowering, helpful to calcium-filling, as well as more powerful function could be obtained by physical, chemical modification and blending with natural and synthetic polymers. Collagen peptide has been extensively utilized in medicine, biology, cosmetics, health care industry, food and other fields. In this paper, the extracting source, type and molecular structure of collagen peptide, the physical and chemical properties, extracting methods, main modification technologies of collagen peptide, as well as its main functions and applications were introduced. The research trend and development prospect of collagen peptide were also pointed out. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Study on the decolorization of tea saponin and its sebum control effect Shen Huchi,Yang Li,Chen Diansong,Ma Ling,Yang Jingguo,Wang Jing 2022, 52 (5):  486-492.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.004 Abstract ( 478 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (1290KB) ( 427 )   The method of H2O2 oxidation was used for decolorization of the commercial raw tea saponin. By optimizing the H2O2 dosage, pH value and decolorization temperature/time, the decolorization rate of the tea saponin solution could reach up to 91%. Moreover, the decolorized tea saponin showed improved foaming property and significantly reduced cytotoxicity. Subsequently, the human immortalized sebaceous gland cell （SZ95） model was used to study the sebum control effects of decolorized tea saponin. The results showed that the lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells incubated under conventional conditions was inhibited by 24.87% in the presence of tea saponin （4 μg/mL）. For the SZ95 cells incubated under oleic acid/linoleic acid stimulation conditions, the lipid synthesis was inhibited by 14.96% and the expression of IL-8 inflammatory factors in SZ95 was also reduced by 29.01%. Therefore, tea saponin can not only significantly inhibit the lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells under normal and stimulating conditions, but also reduce the cellular inflammatory response induced by sebum imbalance, thus possibly benefiting the metabolic balance of sebaceous gland. Finally, the efficacy evaluation of a cosmetic product containing 2.5% tea saponin was carried out based on volunteers. The results showed that within 6 hours after using the product, the skin moisture content and transdermal water loss of volunteers were not significantly changed, while the sebum secretion was significantly reduced, suggesting that effective sebum control can be achieved by tea saponin-containing products without affecting the skin's moisture content and barrier function. The present research may not only promote the practical application of tea saponin in cosmetic products, but also reveal the sebum control effect of tea saponin. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymers with ibuprofen template by sol-gel method and their properties Zhang Li,Wang Xin,Fan Weigang,Su Zhi 2022, 52 (5):  493-498.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.005 Abstract ( 164 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1065KB) ( 218 )   Using ibuprofen as template molecule, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane （APTES） as functional monomer and ethyl orthosilicate （TEOS） as crosslinking agent, molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs） were synthesized by sol-gel method and surface imprinting technology. The morphology of the synthesized MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The adsorption behavior of ibuprofen on MIPs was evaluated by static and dynamic adsorption experiments, and the high selectivity of MIPs to ibuprofen was evaluated by selective experiment. The results showed that MIPs could achieve adsorption equilibrium with ibuprofen at 150 min, and the imprinted factor was 1.7, and the saturated adsorption capacity was 45.9 mg/g. Compared with non-imprinted polymers, MIPs had specific recognition and high selectivity for ibuprofen. In addition, the adsorption capacity of ibuprofen molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by sol-gel method was more than 87.6% after 5 cycles, indicative of good reusability. Therefore, the synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers have a good application prospect for the recognition and adsorption of ibuprofen. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and hydrophobic properties of melamine-formaldehyde resin grafted by 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoro-1-octanol Gao Yuyang,Liu Shaoying,Wang Qingyin,Wang Gongying 2022, 52 (5):  499-505.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.006 Abstract ( 174 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1564KB) ( 261 )   An anhydrous method was developed for the polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoro-1-octanol （PF-OH） grafted melamine-formaldehyde （MF-F） resin aiming at improving the hydrophobic performance of MF material and widening its downstream application. The MF-F resins were characterized by FT-IR and solid state 13C NMR, and it is found that PF-OH is grafted in MF resin matrix. From the results of XPS, the migration and enrichment of the fluorine moieties toward the surface of the MF-F film are verified. The hydrophobicity and thermal stability of MF-F materials were investigated by contact angle and TG analysis. Due to the grafting of PF-OH, the water contact angles of MF-F films increase from 67.83° to 103.50° and the surface free energy reduce from 44.5 to 21.1 mN/m. Furthermore, the TG results show that MF-F materials still exhibit excellent thermal stabilities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on multidimensional evaluation method of foam performance of daily chemicals Xu Jie,Zhu Yuan,Xu Xiangliang,Bao Hongjie 2022, 52 (5):  506-513.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.007 Abstract ( 313 )   HTML ( 49 )   PDF (1397KB) ( 353 )   For daily chemical cleaning products, the size, compactness and stability of the foam can be easily perceived by consumers, which may even directly affect the comprehensive evaluation of the products. Therefore, the evaluation of foam performance is very important. Herein, the testing method and principle of dynamic foam analysis were introduced. The transmission light could be measured with time using LED panel and side line sensor. The liquid/foam and foam/air boundaries could be detected by light intensity difference, and the foam decay process in the measurement cycle could be read out through the line sensor. This testing method was used to test the foams of common raw materials of surfactants and conventional daily cleaning products such as laundry detergents, shampoos, and toothpastes. Differentiated test procedures were set for different samples. Then the evolution of foam height （hfoam）, foam volume （Vfoam）, number of bubbles per square millimeter （BC）, average area of bubbles （MBA）, average radius of bubbles （Ravg） and other parameters over time was monitored in the whole test period. Through the analysis of foam volume, foam height and other parameters in the height test module, the foaming abilities of the products were evaluated; by analyzing the number of bubbles, the average bubble area and the average bubble radius in the structure test module, the foam micro-structure was evaluated; the foam stability was evaluated by analyzing the parameters of foam volume fraction, maximum foam liquid carrying capacity, half-life of bubbles, etc. Therefore, based on the characteristics of daily chemical products, setting up different automatic test programs and analyzing the foam performance with the combination of the parameters in each test module can effectively realize the multi-dimensional evaluation of foam performance, so as to guide the development and optimization of new products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of an O/W microemulsion nano-carrier and its performance in cannabidiol encapsulation Xie Zhihui,Liu Jianzhong,Ning Haoliang,Yu Yuanhao,Chen Yamin,Peng Shuge 2022, 52 (5):  514-520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.008 Abstract ( 261 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1284KB) ( 359 )   To obtain a stable nano-carrier suitable for the encapsulation of active substances, an oil-in-water （O/W）microemulsion was prepared with PolyAquol LW as a non-ionic surfactant, butanediol as the cosurfactant, and jojoba oil as the oil phase. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was plotted by the oil titration method, and the critical point of the as-obtained microemulsion was determined by the Tyndall effect. According to the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the O/W microemulsion, the optimum preparation condition of the O/W microemulsion was determined. Then the oil-soluble cannabidiol （CBD） was selected as model active substance to prepare the cannabidiol microemulsion. The surface tension, particle size distribution and transmittance of the CBD microemulsion were measured. The effects of temperature and high-speed centrifugation on the stability of the CBD microemulsion were also investigated. The results showed that the maximum loading of jojoba oil was 9.09% when the mass ratio of PolyAquol LW/butanediol （ζ） was 2:1 and the mass fraction of PolyAquol LW was 1%; when such microemulsion was used as the carrier, the maximum loading of CBD could reach 1.62 mg/mL, and the minimum surface tension was 41.2 mN/m. The stability results showed that the CBD microemulsion could still remain stable without phase separation, and the light transmittance almost remained unchanged after centrifugation at 10 000 r/min for 20 min or being placed at -18 and 60 ℃ for 3 h, indicative of the excellent stability of CBD microemulsion. This work suggests that this microemulsion as a nano-carrier can realize the effective encapsulating of active substances in cosmetics, which has important value in the development and application of cosmetic products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on application of trihydroxystearin in 2-in-1 shampoo Zhong Huanhuan,Chen Yeting,Chen Youting,Yu Tian,Li Ru,Gong Shengzhao 2022, 52 (5):  521-528.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.009 Abstract ( 1118 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1246KB) ( 318 )   Trihydroxystearin is a kind of food additive which is safe and inexpensive. It has been widely used as an anti-crystallizer for many types of oils, such as vegetable oil and edible salad oil. In daily chemical products, trihydroxystearin can effectively provide thixotropy and prevent the occurrence of sedimentation. Recent research has shown that it can be used as a suspending agent in wash and protect, two-in-one shampoos. As a suspending agent, trihydroxystearin is effective to suspend silicone oil, pearlescent agents, anti-dandruff agents and other shampoo components. Compared with other commonly used suspending agents for shampoos, trihydroxystearin is more convenient and has less influence on the physical and chemical properties of the shampoos. Herein, a comparative study for the application of trihydroxystearin and other suspending agents, such as carbomer （Carbomer 940）, acrylate/C10~30 alkyl acrylate cross-linked polymer （Ultrez 21）, acrylate copolymer （Aqua SF-1） and dihydrogenated tallow phthalic acid amide （TAB-Ⅱ）, in 2-in-1 shampoo was made. Carbomer 940 and Ultrez 21 tend to absorb moisture and agglomerate. For Aqua SF-1, it is difficult to eliminate the foam produced by shearing and stirring in large-scale production, which leads to long de-foaming time and high energy consumption. TAB-Ⅱ can reduce the foaming properties and cleaning ability of shampoos. Therefore, trihydroxystearin is more suitable for use as a suspending agent in a lotion, and as a stabilizer in a two-in-one shampoo compared with the chemicals mentioned above. The results show that, stable two-in-one shampoo can be made by adding 0.2% trihydroxystearin as the suspending agent, the amount of which is less than other suspending agents. The safety of trihydroxystearin was studied by using the red blood cell hemolysis test and the human safety patch test. The results show that trihydroxystearin can decrease the irritation of surfactants in the red blood cell hemolysis test, and it has not irritation to the skin in the human safety patch test, indicating that it is safe. Finally, the sensory evaluation of the shampoo with trihydroxystearin was carried out. It is found that there is no significant difference in the feeling of washing in the sensory evaluation test versus other products. In conclusion, trihydroxystearin is more convenient and effective as a suspending agent in the shampoo, and it is safe and has less impact to the physical and chemical properties of the shampoo than other chemicals. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an evaluation method for eye irritation of cleansers based on BioOcullar® model He Licheng,Sun Yedan,Zhu Shemin,Kuang Rong 2022, 52 (5):  529-533.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.010 Abstract ( 186 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 300 )   Cleansers are essential daily basic cosmetics, and these products contain a high level of surfactants, which have a certain degree of eye irritation. When evaluating the eye irritation of cosmetics using the Draize test, such samples can cause hyperemia and edema of conjunctiva and changes of cornea opacity of rabbits. In order to reduce the harm to rabbits, an in vitro evaluation method was established. BioOcullar® is the first commercially available reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium model developed by a Chinese company. This model has been identified as a useful tool for the testing of irritancy. The test protocol has also been developed for chemicals. However, this protocol is not suitable for cosmetic formulations, therefore in this study a method for evaluating the eye irritation of cleansers was established based on BioOcullar®. The chemicals under test were applied to three tissues, and the tissue viability was measured after exposure and a post-treatment incubation period. Firstly, the exposure time and post-incubation time should be optimized according to the barrier function of the tissue. Secondly, the acceptance criteria should also be considered. Three batches of cleansers with known irritation （Draize test） were used to explore the relevant conditions of the method and to select the appropriate exposure time and post-treatment incubation period. The results showed that, 60 min of exposure was the most suitable, and the presence of post-treatment incubation period could reduce the sensitivity of the method. Another 12 batches of cleansers with known irritation （Draize test） were used to validate the method and determine the criteria. According to the evaluation results for three times, the acceptance criteria were: no irritation: viability≥60%; mild irritation: 15%≤viability<60%; irritation: viability<15%. Finally, the method was used to predict 12 batches of cleansers with unknown irritation and compared with the results of the Draize test with an in vitro/in vivo agreement rate of 91.7% （11/12）. The results indicate that the evaluation method established in this study can differentiate the eye irritation of cleansers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the anti-aging efficacy and safety evaluation of Chlorella fermentation product Li Haijun,Ma Shuangshuang,Zheng Deqiang,Zhang Yinghua,Wang Qingbo,Xue Ze 2022, 52 (5):  534-538.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.011 Abstract ( 440 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 456 )   Chlorella is a kind of single-celled green algae, which is rich in high-quality protein, linolenic acid, polysaccharides, nucleotides, peptides, vitamins, trace elements and other substances, showing anti-virus, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory functions, etc. Its nutrient composition and biological activity are becoming a research hotspot in recent years. Herein, Chlorella was used as a substrate material to produce Chlorella ferment for cosmetics by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. Taking the Chlorella fermentation product as the research object, the study on its anti-aging effect in vitro and evaluation of its safety were carried out through a variety of methods such as human fibroblast proliferation test, type Ⅰ collagen content test （ELISA）, ABTS free radical scavenging test and the human body closed patch test. The results showed that the Chlorella fermentation product with a volume fraction of 10% could increase the survival rate of human skin fibroblasts, reaching 185.71%±2.25% （P<0.01）, and meanwhile the ability of human skin fibroblasts to synthesize type I collagen was improved, which was 4.43±0.34 times of the negative control （P<0.01）. The Chlorella fermentation product could effectively scavenge ABTS free radicals in a dose-dependent model. When the volume fraction reached 40.5%, the scavenging rate against ABTS free radicals reached 62.73%±1.4% （P<0.01）. The results of the human closed patch test showed that the Chlorella fermentation product had good skin safety. In summary, the Chlorella fermentation product can promote the proliferation of human fibroblasts, increase the content of type I collagen, and scavenge ABTS free radicals, thereby exhibiting good anti-aging effects and good safety to the human body. This provides a better basis for the development and utilization of Chlorella in the field of cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Huanglian Shangqing Capsules combined with anti-allergic toothpaste in the treatment of chronic periodontitis Jiang Jing,Gu Changming 2022, 52 (5):  539-544.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.012 Abstract ( 260 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 194 )   The study aimed to investigate the effect of Huanglian Shangqing Capsule combined with Colgate special anti-allergic toothpaste on the treatment of chronic periodontitis （CP） and its effect on helper T cell 17/regulatory T cell （Th17/Treg） and recurrence. A total of 134 CP patients in the Hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were selected and divided into the control group （n=67） and the observation group （n=67） by simple randomization, and were given Colgate special anti-allergic toothpaste and Shangqing Capsule+Colgate special anti-allergic toothpaste, respectively. The treatment effect, adverse reactions, recurrence, and periodontal pocket depth （PD）, gingival index （GI）, gingival crevicular bleeding index （SBI）, insufflation sensitivity （BST）, Th17/Treg cell levels, Porphyromonas gingivalis （PG）, and Lactobacillus （LB） before and after treatment were observed in the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group is higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The PD, PLI, GI and BST values of the observation group are lower than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The levels of Th17/Treg cells, PG and LB in the observation group are lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. There is no significant difference in adverse reactions and recurrence rates between the two groups （P>0.05）. Huanglian Shangqing Capsules combined with Colgate anti-allergic toothpaste is beneficial to down-regulate the level of Th17/Treg cells in CP patients, prevent bacterial colonization, improve periodontal symptoms, and improve the therapeutic effect, and it has high safety. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the anti-aging and whitening effects of grape seed fermentation broth Wang Dongdong,Sun Qianru,Wang Ziwen,Fang Jiaxuan,Li Meng,Wang Changtao 2022, 52 (5):  545-552.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.013 Abstract ( 574 )   HTML ( 33 )   PDF (1386KB) ( 385 )   As the largest by-products of the grape processing industry, the development and utilization of grape seeds has become one of the urgent problems to be solved. Grape seeds are rich in active substances, which have the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-radiation and whitening. They can remove excessive oxygen free radicals produced by the body under oxidative stress conditions, and reduce the skin injury caused by external radiation and environmental pollution, which have a potential role in skin care. In this study, grape seeds were fermented using microbial fermentation technology with red wine yeast to obtain grape seed fermentation broth. The anti-aging model organism C.elegans was selected, and a mouse melanoma cell whitening model was established to explore the anti-aging and whitening effects of grape seeds from the cellular and molecular levels. Research results show that grape seed fermentation broth can effectively resist aging and inhibit melanin production, which has anti-aging and whitening effects. It also has good safety, and has the application potential as cosmetic functional raw materials. The by-products of grape processing have been reused, and its potential application value has been discovered, which is in line with the concept of green development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the impact of cross-border marketing of daily chemical brands on consumer behavior in the context of the Internet Liu Huiling 2022, 52 (5):  553-557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.014 Abstract ( 244 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (988KB) ( 317 )   With the advent of the Internet era, the profound changes in the consumer environment, trends and circumstances characterized by the rise in disposable income of our residents for a short period of time trigger the upgrading of consumption. Residents can't live without daily chemical products, but the development of daily chemical brands in the Internet era is not as satisfactory. By constructing a moderated intermediary model and taking consumer behavior as the landing point, this paper explored the impact of cross-border marketing strategies of daily chemical brands at the consumer level in the context of the Internet. This paper shows the conclusion that the cross-border marketing strategy of daily chemical brands leads consumers' purchasing behavior by triggering consumers' attention, and the consumers' attention is partially mediated. In the Internet context, there is a significant moderating effect of the consumers' personal characteristics on the consequences of cross-border marketing strategy of daily chemical brands. The older the consumers are, the smaller the influence of cross-border marketing strategy is on consumers' purchasing behavior. The higher the consumers' education level is, the greater the influence of cross-border marketing strategy is on consumers' purchasing behavior. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress of nanomaterials for oil displacement Wu Guopeng,Zhang Fuling 2022, 52 (5):  558-565.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.015 Abstract ( 905 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (1082KB) ( 533 )   Due to the small size and the large specific surface area of nanomaterials and the high atomic activity and high number ratio of the surface atoms thereof, various oil displacement functions can be integrated on the same nanomaterial through surface modification. Therefore, the nanomaterial oil-displacement technology is considered as one of the most potential EOR technologies in the future. The properties of nanomaterials for oil displacement are briefly introduced, and the research and application progress of zero-dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials as oil displacement agents in oil fields are reviewed. Nano-silica modified by surfactants or polyacrylamide can reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, change the wettability of rock, expand the sweep volume, and have other functions, showing good oil displacement effect. Owing to its stable property and economic and environmental protection advantages, silica is considered as the most promising zero-dimensional material for oil displacement. Metal oxide nanoparticles such as Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2, carbon nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots also have good oil displacement performance. One-dimensional carbon nanotubes can promote the migration and dispersion of surfactant molecules to the oil-water interface and improve the injection efficiency of oil displacement agents. Graphene-based nanofluids can significantly improve oil recovery by changing rock wettability and separation pressure, reducing interfacial tension, reducing oil viscosity, and controlling flow rate. Four challenges facing the application of nanomaterials in EOR are discussed, namely, the theory of nanomaterial flooding that needs to be broken through, the high manufacturing cost of nanomaterials, the dispersion stability of nanomaterials under reservoir conditions, and the separation and recycling of nanomaterials from produced fluids. Based on the demand of oilfield development and the current situation of nanotechnology development, the development direction of “composite function” and “intelligence” of the nanomaterial oil-displacement technology in oilfield in the future is proposed. “Composite function” refers to the integration of various functions on nanomaterials through chemical modification, such as stripping crude oil, trapping and merging oil droplets. “Intelligent” refers to the design and synthesis of flexible nanomaterials with adjustable bulk density at the oil-water interface by supramolecular chemical means, giving them the “intelligent” profile control function in the reservoir to achieve the purpose of expanding the sweep volume. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the application of color aesthetic law in cosmetic packaging vision Wen Jingzi 2022, 52 (5):  566-571.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.016 Abstract ( 266 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 314 )   Most of the cosmetic products in our country imitate foreign brands in packaging and image, so it is difficult to create personalized image. More and more enterprises have realized that besides the quality and price of cosmetics, the design of color emotion has become an indispensable factor in the cosmetics market. Good color emotion can better expand the cosmetics market and bring more users. In order to enhance the visual effect of cosmetic packaging, and stimulate consumer's consumption desire, this paper analyzed the application of color aesthetic law in cosmetic packaging visual performance. In the first chapter, we studied the color aesthetic law and its importance in the visual performance of cosmetic packaging. The main factors influencing the consumers' preference for the color of cosmetic packaging are age, gender and region. Based on the research results and the existing cosmetic packaging, the psychological characteristics and demands of consumers affected by various factors are analyzed. The function of color rules in the visual performance of cosmetic packaging is analyzed. The application of cosmetic packaging color can beautify products, increase product identification and assist consumers to make purchase decisions. Based on the analysis results, the color design scheme of cosmetic packaging visual performance is studied. Through touching color matching, shaping a single classic image molding, alternative colors and functionality, it can achieve cosmetic packaging vision, provide consumers with visual freshness and attract consumers' attention. Color in modern cosmetic packaging design can not only transfer information, decorate and beautify the role, but also be more accurate in the process of conveying information. It can be the smallest cost or low cost to obtain the highest added value. Grasping the psychological characteristics of the consumer groups, and giving consumers the feeling of direct management from the perspective of color, make consumers have more loyalty to the cosmetics brand. It can enhance the brand image and market awareness, promote consumers' consumption desire, and reflect the brand market competitiveness. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of TBP, TCEP, TCPP and TDCPP in children's cosmetics by ultrasound-assisted solid phase extraction-GC-MS Xu Chunli,Jia Zhenfu,Qiu Huidong,Liu Enyu,Huang Yaoyao,Su Xiaodong 2022, 52 (5):  572-576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.017 Abstract ( 229 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 349 )   An effective method for the determination of tributyl phosphate （tbp）, tris （2-chloroethyl） phosphate （tcep）, tris （1-chloro-2-propyl） phosphate （tcpp） and tris （2, 3-dichloropropyl） phosphate （tdcpp） in children's cosmetics was established based on ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The conditions of extractant solvent, ultrasonic time, eluent type, eluent dosage, solid phase extraction column and chromatographic conditions were optimized. The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction solvent: acetonitrile; purification column: Florisil; extraction time: 20 min; eluent: acetonitrile. The results show that under the optimized conditions, the mass concentrations of TCPP and TBP are in the range of 0.002-20 mg/L and the mass concentrations of TDCPP and TCEP are in the range of 0.004-30 mg/L, which have a good linear relationship with their corresponding peak areas, and the correlation coefficient R2 is greater than 0.998. The contents of four organic phosphates in domestic and imported children's cosmetics are determined by this method. The recoveries of four organic phosphate flame retardants in blank matrix at three different addition levels （500, 2 500 and 5 000 ng/g） are varied from 101.7% to 119.0% with the relative standard deviations of 2.5%-8.4%. The method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and can be used for the simultaneous determination of four organic phosphate flame retardants in children's cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics