表面活性剂在农药多菌灵剂型研发中的应用进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.05.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum and highly effective benzimidazole fungicide. However, its conventional formulation, wettable powder （WP）, suffers from issues such as low utilization ratio, high environmental pollution, and a tendency to induce drug resistance. Surfactants are one of the key components in pesticide formulations, which have also been used in carbendazim formulations to address these traditional challenges. Surfactants can enhance efficacy and utilization, reduce environmental residues, and lower exposure risks for applicators. In this review, the research progress of surfactants in carbendazim formulations was summarized, including suspension concentrates （SC）, water-dispersible granules （WG）, and nano-formulations. It was elaborated that the surfactants in carbendazim formulations had improved physical stability through steric hindrance and electrostatic stabilization, and they could also enhance utilization by increasing solubility, foliar adhesion, and absorption. Then, potential negative effects and green design strategies to reduce environmental fate and operator exposure risks were discussed. It was pointed out that the future development of efficient, green and bio-degradable surfactants combined with nanotechnology would be a crucial direction for achieving green and sustainable development of carbendazim pesticides.

Key words: carbendazim, surfactant, formulation, mechanism, environmental fate

CLC Number:

TQ423

Liming Xue, Jiale Xu, Jingxian Zhou, Yu’e Jin. Advances of surfactants in the development of formulations of pesticide carbendazim[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(5): 666-673.

Figures/Tables 4

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References 37

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时间段	国际	中国
1967年	美国杜邦公司首次合成（光气法）	尚未启动研究
1969—1970年	确认其广谱杀菌活性	启动自主研发
1974—1976年	联邦德国实现工业化生产（光气/异氰酸酯法）	中国实现工业化生产（氰胺法）
1980年代	继续生产，但面临成本高、安全风险大等问题	全国产量跃居世界首位
1990—2000年	欧美逐步减少生产，转向环保制剂或替代品研发	形成产业集群，成为全球主要生产和供应中心
2000年至今	基本停止原药生产和研发	持续优化生产工艺，积极推进绿色制造与剂型转型

地区	市场份额/%	主要剂型及趋势	政策影响与监管状态	管理状态与残留标准
亚太地区	40	WP占主导（> 40%，但占比下降），SC、WG等环保剂型占比快速提升	尚未全面禁用，但各国逐步加强监管与风险评估	中国标准GB/T 2763—2021食品中农药最大残留限量中规定不同食品0.05~10 mg/kg
北美	25	以SC、WG等剂型为主，WP仅用于有限非农用途	EPA未批准多菌灵直接农用，但允许其前体甲基硫菌灵使用；对进口食品残留监管严格	执行极严残留限量（如0.01 mg/kg），重点管控代谢转化与生态暴露风险
欧洲	20	基本无农用剂型；有限非农用途（如工业防霉）可能使用SC、WG剂型	2018年全面禁用多菌灵农用，仅限于进口食品残留监管和非农用途	无新增登记，严禁农用
拉美、中东和非洲	15	WP经济型剂型主导SC逐步推广	政策相对宽松，未全面禁用，但存在反复（如巴西曾提议禁用后被推翻）	残留限量标准不一，监管力度相对较弱

多菌灵单剂	效期内最早登记号	含量规格	现行标准
原药	PD84117	92%，95%，98%	GB/T 10501—2016
可湿性粉剂	PD85150	25%，40%，50%及80%	HG/T 3290—2016^[18]
悬浮剂	PD86134	40%，50%及500 g/L	HG/T 2858—2016^[19]
水分散粒剂	PD20111073	50%，75%，80%及90%
烟剂	PD20070233	15%

Advances of surfactants in the development of formulations of pesticide carbendazim

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