当期目录

2019年, 第49卷, 第8期　刊出日期：2019-08-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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窄分布脂肪醇醚硫酸钠与十四烷基三甲基溴化铵复配性能的研究 Study on the properties of the mixtures of sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate with narrow ethylene oxide distribution and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide 王新刚,杨效益,孙永强,郭朝华,李萍,李建波 2019 (8):  485-491.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.001 摘要 ( 294 )   HTML ( 87 )   PDF(1238KB) ( 512 )   利用气体三氧化硫（SO3）作为硫酸化试剂通过硫酸化窄分布脂肪醇醚合成窄分布脂肪醇醚硫酸钠（N-AEmS）,并利用红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振氢谱（ 1H NMR）对其进行结构表征。随后通过测量N-AEmS、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵（TTAB）以及N-AEmS/TTAB（m=3,5,7和9）复配体系的静态表面张力、接触角和动态表面张力对其性能进行研究。结果表明,与单一表面活性剂相比,N-AEmS/TTAB（m=3,5和7）复配体系可以提高表面活性。N-AE9S因含有较多的聚氧乙烯基团（EO）致使其与TTAB之间几乎不存在协同作用。N-AEmS/TTAB（m=3,5,7和9）复配体系的扩散性能较N-AEmS（m=3,5,7和9）几乎没变化,且均为混合动力控制机理。 Sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate with narrow ethylene oxide distribution（N-AEmS）was synthesized by sulfating the fatty alcohol ether with narrow ethylene oxide distribution with gaseous sulfur trioxide（SO3）as a sulfating agent. The structure of N-AEmS（m=3, 5, 7, 9）was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The properties of N-AEmS, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide（TTAB）and the mixed systems of N-AEmS/TTAB（m=3, 5, 7, 9）were investigated by measuring the static surface tension, contact angle and dynamic surface tension. The results indicate that the mixed systems of N-AEmS/TTAB（m=3, 5, 7）show higher surface activity compared with AEmS and TTAB. N-AE9S almost shows no synergistic effect with TTAB due to its high number of EO groups. The diffusion performances of the N-AEmS/TTAB（m=3, 5, 7, 9）systems are almost unchanged compared with that of N-AEmS（m=3, 5, 7, 9）, and both are mixed diffusion-kinetic controlled adsorption mechanism. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂-纳米颗粒相互作用与智能体系的构建（II）相反电荷表面活性剂-纳米颗粒相互作用（i）—— 开关转移构建开关性Pickering乳状液和Pickering泡沫 Interactions between surfactants and nanoparticles and the construction of smart systems（II）Interaction of the nanoparticle with an oppositely charged ionic surfactant（i） Construction of switchable Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams via switch transference 陈钊,蒋建中,崔正刚 2019 (8):  492-502.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.002 摘要 ( 550 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(2822KB) ( 532 )   表面能够部分被水润湿、部分被油润湿的胶体颗粒具有表面活性,能够吸附到油（空气）/水界面稳定Pickering乳状液和Pickering泡沫。大多数无机纳米颗粒在水介质中表面是带电的,由于过于亲水而不具有表面活性或者表面活性偏低。一种简单的方法是在无机纳米颗粒的分散液中加入微量的带相反电荷的离子型表面活性剂,它们会通过静电作用吸附到颗粒表面,形成疏水性单分子层,从而提高颗粒表面的亲油性,赋予颗粒表面活性。这种作用被称为原位疏水化作用（hydrophobization in situ）。本讲座将讨论如何利用原位疏水化作用赋予无机纳米颗粒表面活性,以及如何借助于开关性表面活性剂与纳米颗粒的相互作用,将表面活性剂的开关转移给颗粒,进而构建开关性Pickering乳状液和Pickering泡沫。 Colloidal particles with surfaces partially wetted by water and oil are surface active, which can adsorb at oil（air）/water interface to stabilize Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams. Most of inorganic nanoparticles are charged in aqueous media which are not or less surface active due to the strong hydrophilicity. A simple method to make them surface active is to add trace amount of oppositely charged ionic surfactant into the aqueous dispersions of the particles, which will adsorb at particle/water interface via electrostatic interaction to form a hydrophobic monolayer at particle surface, so that the hydrophobicity of the particles is significantly increased. This interaction is called hydrophobization in situ. In this lecture we will discuss how to make inorganic nanoparticles surface active via hydrophobization in situ and how to transfer the switch of a surfactant to particles by particle/surfactant interaction to construct switchable Pickering emulsions and switchable Pickering foams. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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磁响应的海藻酸钙微球稳定油包水型Pickering乳液研究 Study on water-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by magnetic responsive calcium alginate microspheres 杨鑫,孙鹤家,王伟浩,王垚磊,邱忠平,孟涛 2019 (8):  503-507.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.003 摘要 ( 684 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF(1992KB) ( 379 )   通过乳液凝胶法制备了内部包封四氧化三铁纳米颗粒的海藻酸钙微球,该微球表面包覆疏水改性的二氧化钛纳米颗粒,在正己烷中分散良好。由于有烷基硅烷改性二氧化钛纳米颗粒的包覆,使得海藻酸钙微球能够用于稳定油包水型的Pickering乳液。通过微球含量的优化,调控了Pickering乳液的粒径大小。在外界磁场作用下,微球稳定的Pickering乳液能定向移动并实现磁响应破乳分离。 Calcium alginate microspheres internally encapsulated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion gel method. The surface of the microspheres was coated with hydrophobically modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles and dispersed well in hexane. Due to the coating of alkyl silane-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles, calcium alginate microspheres can be used to stabilize the water-in-oil Pickering emulsion. By optimizing the calcium alginate microsphere content, the particle size of Pickering emulsion can be adjusted. Additionally, the microsphere-stabilized Pickering emulsion can be oriented and magnetically demulsified under the action of an external magnetic field. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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W/O/W型Pickering乳液的制备及稳定性研究 Study on preparation and stability of W/O/W Pickering emulsion 骆正哲,杨成 2019 (8):  508-514.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.004 摘要 ( 723 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF(1134KB) ( 830 )   为了研究改性二氧化硅稳定的W/O/W型Pickering乳液的稳定性影响因素,首先采用两种二氧化硅以一步乳化法及两步乳化法分别制备了W/O/W型Pickering乳液,通过显微镜观察乳液结构,结果表明,两步乳化法制备优于一步乳化法。再采用单因素的实验方法,探究了油水体积比、颗粒质量分数等对Pickering乳液储藏稳定性的影响,结果表明,各因素对乳液稳定性均有较大的影响,当油水体积比为6∶4,亲油颗粒质量分数为4%,水乳体积比为8∶2,亲水颗粒质量分数为5%时稳定性最佳。最后通过在不同条件下对颗粒表面电位的测定,研究了pH、盐浓度对乳液稳定性的影响,结果表明,盐浓度因反离子的静电屏蔽作用对乳液稳定性有负面影响,而pH则引起了颗粒表面电位的改变,在pH=6左右的条件下乳液最稳定,pH>7时,颗粒的乳化性能降低,不利于乳液的稳定。 The factors on the stability of W/O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized by modified silica were studied. W/O/W Pickering emulsions were prepared using two kinds of silica through different methods, i.e., one-step emulsification method and two-step emulsification method. The structure of the emulsion was observed by microscopy. The results showed that W/O/W Pickering emulsion prepared by two-step emulsification method was better than the one prepared by one-step method. The effects of oil-water volume ratio and particle mass fraction on the storage stability of emulsions were studied through the single factor experiments. The optimal condition is that the mass fraction of hydrophobic silica is 4%, the oil-water volume ratio is 6∶4, the mass fraction of hydrophilic silica is 5%, and the water-W/O emulsion volume ratio is 8∶2. The effects of pH value and salinity on the stability of emulsions were also studied by measuring the zeta potential of the silica surface under different conditions. The results showed that salinity has a negative effect on the stability of W/O/W emulsions while W/O/W emulsions are stable when pH value is around 6. When pH value is over 7, the emulsification ability of silica is decreased, which is detrimental to the stability of emulsions. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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过硫酸氢钾复合物消毒剂的制备及杀菌性能研究 Preparation and bactericidal properties of potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectant 王展印,高文军,卫罡,张争明 2019 (8):  515-518.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.005 摘要 ( 573 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(741KB) ( 512 )   以过硫酸氢钾复合物为主成分,氨基磺酸、表面活性剂等为辅料制备一种不含氯成分的过硫酸氢钾复合物消毒剂。以检测样品水溶液0~6 h的过氧化物浓度变化来考察样品水溶液的稳定性,通过正交试验确定消毒剂配方,并以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌为受试菌株进行细菌定量杀灭试验。试验结果表明,1%样品水溶液中过氧化物浓度在6 h内稳定;在（20±1） ℃水浴条件下,1%水溶液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌作用5 min,杀灭对数值均大于5.00;2%水溶液对白色念珠菌作用10 min,杀灭对数值均大于4.00。用过硫酸氢钾复合物、氨基磺酸等制备的消毒剂样品,其有效成分在水溶液中稳定,具有理想的消杀效果。 A non-chlorine potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectant was prepared. The disinfectant was prepared with potassium peroxymonosulfate as the main component and amino sulfonic acid and surfactant as the auxiliary materials. The stability of the sample aqueous solution was investigated by detecting the peroxide concentration of the sample aqueous solution for 0-6 hours, and the formula of disinfectant was determined by orthogonal test. The germicidal efficacy had been done against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The results show that the peroxide concentration in 1% aqueous solution is stable within 6 hours. Under the condition of（20±1） ℃ water bath, the mean killing logarithmic values of 1% aqueous solution to Eescherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for 5 min are greater than 5.00; the mean killing logarithmic values of 2% aqueous solution acting on Candida albicans for 10 min are greater than 4.00. The active components of the non-chloride disinfectant prepared by potassium peroxymonosulfate and sulfamic acid are stable in aqueous solution and have ideal killing effect. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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薰衣草纳米胶囊的制备、研究及应用 Preparation, characterization and application of lavender fragrance nanocapsules 余林林,谢星辉,石小迪,李雪婷,鲁希华 2019 (8):  519-525.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.006 摘要 ( 359 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1731KB) ( 352 )   采用界面聚合法,以聚脲为壁材包覆薰衣草香精,制备得到薰衣草纳米胶囊。透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析表明,制备的薰衣草纳米胶囊为规则球形,且具有明显的核壳结构。粒径分布分析可以看出薰衣草纳米胶囊的平均粒径为131.7 nm,粒径分布PDI为0.16。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和紫外-可见光谱也证明了薰衣草能被很好地包埋在纳米胶囊中,且包埋率高达96.5%。热重分析（TGA）和高温缓释曲线表明,包覆在纳米胶囊中的薰衣草在150 ℃开始挥发,具有良好的热稳定性和缓释性能。此外,经薰衣草纳米胶囊整理的棉织物在皂洗150 min后仍具有良好的耐洗性。 The lavender fragrance nanocapsules were successfully prepared via the interfacial polymerization method using polyurea as the wall material to coat the lavender oil. Transmission electron microscope（TEM）images reveal that the nanocapsules possess regular spherical morphology with distinct core-shell structure, indicating that lavender oil is well encapsulated in the nanocapsules. And particle size distribution analysis shows that the average particle size of the lavender nanocapsules is approximately 131.7 nm with particle size distribution PDI of 0.16. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）and ultraviolet-visible analysis also show that the lavender oil can be well encapsulated inside the nanocapsules and the encapsulation efficiency of the nanocapules is as high as 96.5%. The thermal gravimetric analysis（TGA）and high temperature sustained-release curves indicate that the lavender oil encapsulated in the nanocapsules began to volatilize at 150 ℃ with good thermostability and sustained-release properties. Additionally, cotton fabrics treated with the fragrance nanocapsules display good washability after 150 min of soaping. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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紫茉莉花提取物促进胶原蛋白功能化的功效研究 Efficacy evaluation of Mirabilis jalapa flower extract on promoting collagen functionalization 李慧,蒋丹丹,DOS SANTOS Morgan,章漳,蒋耀权 2019 (8):  526-530.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.007 摘要 ( 703 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(1053KB) ( 494 )   采用人真皮成纤维细胞体外培养,利用酶联免疫吸附测定方法,结合细胞活性检测,测定对胶原蛋白功能化有重要作用的前胶原C端蛋白酶（BMP-1）在成纤维细胞培养过程中的分泌量,通过考察较佳测定时间、选择稳定的阳性对照品,建立和优化BMP-1的细胞测试模型。结果显示,紫茉莉花提取物质量浓度为0.05 g/L时,BMP-1含量是对照组的150.4%±8.5%（P<0.001）。紫茉莉花提取物可以显著促进BMP-1的产生,具有促进胶原蛋白功能化的护肤功效。 Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in vitro, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）combined with cell activity assay was used to determine the secretion of BMP-1, which plays an important role in collagen functionalization. The measurement timepoint and positive control of the assay model were optimized. Based on the standardized assay model, the efficacy of Mirabilis jalapa flower extract on BMP-1 synthesis was evaluated. The results show that when treated with Mirabilis jalapa flower extract at 0.05 g/L, the relative BMP-1 content of the fibroblasts is 150.4%±8.5% compared with the control group（P<0.001）. Therefore, the Mirabilis jalapa flower extract can significantly promote the production of BMP-1 from dermal fibroblasts, and has the great potential in skincare effect of promoting collagen functionalization. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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白果内酯和银杏内酯B对过氧化氢诱导人角质形成细胞氧化损伤的保护作用 Protective effects of bilobalide and ginkgolides B on oxidative damage in human keratinocytes induced by H2O2 熊丽丹,唐洁,李利 2019 (8):  531-536.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.008 摘要 ( 336 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(1219KB) ( 443 )   通过CCK-8法测定细胞存活率,WST染色方法测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,DTNB测定谷胱甘肽（GSH）活性,脂质氧化试剂盒检测丙二醛（MDA）含量,DCFH-DA法测定活性氧（ROS）含量,ELISA法测定炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量水平,研究了白果内酯和银杏内酯B对过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导人角质形成细胞（HaCaT细胞）的抗氧化损伤和抑制炎症因子的影响,同时利用药物数据库预测目标靶点,研究白果内酯和银杏内酯B发挥功效的机制。结果表明,白果内酯与银杏内酯B能减少H2O2诱导的SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性降低,抑制MDA释放增加,减少ROS的产量,减少炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的生成;综合网络分析结果显示白果内酯和银杏内酯B抗炎活性呈现多分子、多靶点和多通路特点。 Different concentrations of bilobalide and ginkgolides B were added to H2O2-stimulated HaCaT model. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 method, superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity was determined by WST staining method, glutathione（GSH）activity was measured by DTNB, malondialdehyde（MDA）content was detected by lipid oxidation kit. The content of ROS was investigated via DCFH-DA method. And ELISA assays were adopted to investigate the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. To better understand the mechanism of the efficacy of bilobalide and ginkgolides B, TCM database（IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology and String）was used to predict common targets of drugs. The results show that bilobalide and ginkgolides B can increase the SOD and GSH-Px activity, decrease MDA and ROS content induced by H2O2, and reduce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in H2O2-induced HaCaT cells. The drug discovery database shows that the anti-inflammatory effect of bilobalide and ginkgolides B has the characteristics as multi-molecular, multi-target and multi-pathway. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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表面活性剂分子在油/水界面聚集行为：分子模拟研究进展 Molecular simulations for aggregation behavior of surfactant molecules at oil/water interface 耿铁,赵春花,刘雪婧,苏龙,郑利强,孙继超 2019 (8):  537-544.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.009 摘要 ( 399 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(1597KB) ( 377 )   综述了近年来利用分子模拟研究表面活性剂分子在油/水界面聚集行为的进展,内容主要包括阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂以及表面活性剂的复配体系。希望能为表面活性剂分子聚集行为的基础研究、设计新型表面活性剂和优化表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用等领域提供相关的理论指导。 Recent studies on the aggregation behavior of surfactant molecules at oil/water interface using molecular simulations were reviewed, including anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixed surfactant systems. The relevant theoretical guidance was expected to be meaningful for the basic research on the aggregation behavior of surfactant molecules, the design of novel surfactants and the optimization of surfactant application in enhanced oil recovery. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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超两亲分子的研究进展 Progress on the research of supra-amphiphiles 李双阳,叶宏 2019 (8):  545-550.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.010 摘要 ( 865 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(917KB) ( 713 )   超两亲分子是近几年研究发现的新型两亲分子,具有可控性、高效性等优点。超两亲分子中含有两种双亲分子,通过非共价键或动态共价键连接。其中非共价键包括主客体相互作用、静电相互作用、π-π堆积相互作用和电荷转移相互作用等。根据超两亲分子的响应性也可分为pH响应性、光响应性、氧化还原响应性、酶响应性和多重响应性超两亲分子。超两亲分子是胶体化学和超分子化学联系的新纽带,对新型自组装功能材料的发展具有重要的研究意义。 Supra-amphiphiles have been discovered for several years as a new type of amphiphiles,which have the advantages of controllability,high efficiency and so on. Supra-amphiphiles consist of two amphiphile molecules linked by non-covalent bonds or dynamic covalent bonds. The non-covalent bonds include host-guest interaction,electrostatic interaction,π-π stacking interaction and charge transfer interaction. According to the different responsive characteristics,the pH response,photoresponse,redox response,enzyme response and multiple response were also introduced. Supra-amphiphile is a new bond between colloid chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. It is very important for the development of novel self-assembly functional materials. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中羟基喹啉 Determination of 8-hydroxyquinoline in cosmetics by HPLC 李亚楠,韩晓萍,周霈 2019 (8):  551-554.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.08.011 摘要 ( 399 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(836KB) ( 391 )   建立高效液相色谱法测定不同种类化妆品中羟基喹啉含量的方法。用甲醇溶解羟基喹啉,经SHISEIDO C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）分离,流动相采用0.1%甲酸和甲醇以及0.1%磷酸和甲醇等度洗脱,在254 nm波长同时进行检测。与标准方法相比较,本研究中流动相以甲酸或磷酸代替癸烷磺酸钠,避免对照品色谱图出现羟基喹啉盐类峰;羟基喹啉在进样范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,4种不同基质低（80%）、中（100%）、高（120%）3个梯度加样回收率为96.9%~112.9%,RSD为0.20%~2.55%（n=9）。所建立方法简单、可靠,具有较高的灵敏度和重现性,可用于测定化妆品中羟基喹啉含量。 A method for the determination of 8-hydroxyquinoline in different types of cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）was established. 8-Hydroxyquinoline was dissolved in methanol, and then separated by SHISEIDO C18（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）column using 0.1% formic acid and methanol or 0.1% phosphoric acid and methanol as mobile phase with isocratic elution, with the detection wavelengths at 254 nm. Compared with the standard method, the mobile phase in this study used formic acid or phosphoric acid instead of sodium decane-1-sulfonate to avoid the peak of hydroxyquinoline salt in the chromatogram of the reference substance. The calibration curves show good linear relationship in the range of injection volume and the correlation coefficients are above 0.999. The average recoveries spiked at 80%, 100%, 120% are in the range of 96.9%-112.9% with RSD of 0.20%-2.55%（n=9）. The established method is simple, reliable, and has high sensitivity and reproducibility. The method can be used for determing the content of 8-hydroxyquinoline in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标