当期目录

2019年, 第49卷, 第9期　刊出日期：2019-09-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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芥酸酰胺丙基叔胺和苯甲酸压裂液体系构筑 Construction of N-erucamido-N, N-dimethylamine and benzoic acid fracturing fluid system 康万利,李欣欣,赵一潞,王鹏祥,侯小雨,杨红斌 2019 (9):  555-560.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.001 摘要 ( 325 )   HTML ( 61 )   PDF(1320KB) ( 359 )   用芥酸酰胺丙基叔胺（EA）和苯甲酸（BA）构筑EABA体系,利用流变仪研究了pH值及EABA浓度对其流变行为影响,通过冷冻透射电镜观测微观聚集体的形貌,用该体系制备清洁压裂液并对其性能进行评价。结果表明,EABA体系的较佳黏弹性pH值为6.17,此时体系中形成“拟”双子表面活性剂结构并形成蠕虫状胶束,且随浓度增加黏弹性增大,50 mmol/L以后增幅变缓。在90 ℃、170 s -1下剪切2 h,50 mmol/L的EABA清洁压裂液黏度稳定在35 mPa·s,且剪切恢复性及携砂性能良好,10 min内可破胶,破胶液黏度为2.1 mPa·s,满足清洁压裂液要求。 The N-erucamido-N, N-dimethylamine（EA） and benzoic acid（BA） were used to construct the EABA system. The effects of pH value and EABA concentration on its rheological behavior were studied by rheometer. The morphology of micro-aggregates was observed by Cryo-TEM. The system was used to prepare a clean fracturing fluid and its performance was evaluated. Results show that the optimum viscoelastic pH of the EABA system is 6.17. At this time, the structure of “pseudo” gemini surfactant is formed in the system with the formation of worm-like micelles. The viscoelasticity increases with the increase of concentration and the increase becomes slower after reaching 50 mmol/L. After shearing at 90 ℃ and 170 s -1 for 2 h, the viscosity of 50 mmol/L EABA clean fracturing fluid is stable at 35 mPa·s, and the shear recovery and proppant-carrying performance are good. The breaking fluid viscosity is 2.1 mPa·s within 10 min, which meets the requirements of clean fracturing fluid. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂-纳米颗粒相互作用与智能体系的构建（III）相反电荷表面活性剂-纳米颗粒相互作用（ii）—— 用常规表面活性剂构建刺激-响应性Pickering乳状液和Pickering泡沫 Interactions between surfactants and nanoparticles and the construction of smart systems（III）Interactions between oppositely charged nanoparticles and ionic surfactants（ii）Construction of stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams by using ordinary commercial surfactants 张婉晴,蒋建中,崔正刚 2019 (9):  561-571.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.002 摘要 ( 552 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(3174KB) ( 421 )   在水介质中,离子型表面活性剂能够通过静电相互作用吸附到带相反电荷的无机纳米颗粒表面,产生原位疏水化作用,使原本强亲水性的无机纳米颗粒转变为表面活性颗粒,进而能够吸附到油（空气）/水界面,稳定Pickering乳状液和Pickering泡沫。如果能够通过某种触发机制促使表面活性剂从颗粒表面脱附,就可以解除原位疏水化作用,于是颗粒恢复其原本具有的强亲水性,自油（空气）/水界面脱附,导致破乳和消泡。如果这种吸附-脱附作用能够多次循环,就得到了所谓的刺激-响应体系。本讲座将介绍如何利用常规商品表面活性剂和普通纳米颗粒例如纳米二氧化硅和纳米氧化铝颗粒等来达成这一目标,主要采用离子对形成触发机制和pH触发机制。 In aqueous media, ionic surfactants tend to adsorb at oppositely charged inorganic nanoparticle/water interface via electrostatic interaction. The originally strongly hydrophilic nanoparticles thus become surface active by means of the hydrophobization in situ, which can then adsorb at oil（air）/water interface to stabilize Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams. If the hydrophobization can be removed, or the surfactants can be made desorb from particle surface, via some triggers, the particles will lose surface activity and desorb from oil（air）/water interface, resulting in demulsification and defoaming. If this process can be cycled for many times, stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions/foams will be obtained. This lecture will discuss how to construct such stimuli-responsive systems by using commercial surfactants and ordinary nanoparticles such as silica nanoparticles and alumina nanoparticles, mainly triggered by ion pair formation and pH. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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支链型硅烷、聚醚烷基共改性硅油乳化剂的制备及性能研究 Synthesis and properties of the modified silicone emulsifier with branched-silicone-polyether and alkyl group 何彤,杨成 2019 (9):  572-578.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.003 摘要 ( 460 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1210KB) ( 583 )   以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和三甲基乙氧基硅烷为原料水解缩合得到了乙烯基三（三甲基硅氧烷基）硅烷（即支链型硅烷）。以含氢硅油、支链型硅烷、烯丙基聚醚及1-十二烯为原料,氯铂酸为催化剂,异丙醇为溶剂,合成了共改性硅油乳化剂,并对产物结构进行了红外和核磁表征。研究了温度、时间、催化剂用量、物料比等因素对共改性硅油乳化剂转化率的影响及其结构对油包水乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,95 ℃下反应5 h,催化剂用量0.20%,物料比n（Si-H）∶n（混合物组成的C=C）=1∶1.1时合成的有机硅乳化剂,转化率高达94.97%;当乳化剂HLB=5,疏水基接枝比为n（支链型硅烷）∶n（烷基）=25∶75时,可以制备硅油、酯油和烃油为混合油相的稳定油包水乳液。 The vinyltris（trimethylsiloxy）silane（branched-silicone）was synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of triethoxyvinylsilane and ethoxytrimethylsilane. The modified silicone emulsifier was synthesized through hydrosilylation reactions, using hexachloroplatinic acid as catalyst, isopropanol as solvent, and polymethylhydrosiloxane, vinyltris（trimethylsiloxy）silane, allyl polyther and 1-dodecene as raw materials. The structure of the modified silicone was characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. The effects of reaction temperature（T）, time（t）, catalyst dosage and material ratio on the conversion were investigated. The effects of the structure of modified silicone emulsifier on the stability of water-in-oil emulsion was also studied. The results show that the conversion is 94.97% when T=95 ℃, t=5 h, the catalyst dosage of 0.20% and n（Si-H）∶n（C=C content of the mixture）=1∶1.1. When the HLB value of the emulsifier is equal to 5 and n（branched-silicone）∶n（alkyl）=25∶75, stable water-in-oil emulsion can be prepared by using the mixed oil phase composed of silicone oil, ester oil and hydrocarbon oil. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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微波辅助半干法合成阳离子瓜尔胶工艺条件的优化 Optimization of process conditions for synthesis of cationic guar gum by microwave-assisted semi-dry method 张春晓,唐逸飞,王向鹏 2019 (9):  579-584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.004 摘要 ( 422 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(1121KB) ( 536 )   以瓜尔胶为原料,2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,氧氧化钠为催化剂,利用微波辅助半干法合成了阳离子瓜尔胶,并进行了红外和核磁表征。结果表明,在瓜尔胶醚化过程中使用微波辅助,反应时间是传统阳离子瓜尔胶合成方法的1/5,大大提高了反应效率。较佳反应条件为：微波功率640 W,微波辐射反应时间45 min,碱液与瓜尔胶的质量比为0.08∶1,微波温度60 ℃,在此条件下制备的阳离子瓜尔胶含氮量为1.23%。黏度实验表明：微波法合成的阳离子瓜尔胶水溶性好,黏度可达7 000 mpa·s。 Cationic guar gum（CGG） was synthesized with guar gum（GG） as raw materials, 2,3-epoxypr-opyltrimethylammonium chloride（GTA） as cationic etherifying agent and sodium hydroxide as catalyst by microwave-assisted semi-dry method, and characterized by IR and NMR . The results show that microwave-assisted etherification of guar gum shortens the reaction time to 1/5 of that in the traditional cationic guar gum synthesis method, which greatly improves the reaction efficiency. The optimum synthesis conditions were as follows:microwave power 640 W, microwave irradiation reaction time 45 min, mass ratio of alkali liquor to guar gum 0.08∶1, microwave temperature 60 ℃. Under these optimized conditions, the nitrogen content of cationic guar gum is 1.23%. Viscosity experiment shows that the cationic guar gum synthesized by microwave-assisted semi-dry method has good water solubility and its viscosity can reach up to 7 000 mpa·s. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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侧柏叶提取物对SOD酶活力修复作用及抗炎功效 Repair effect on SOD enzyme and anti-inflammatory activity of the platycladus orientalis extract 唐洁,杨海延,李利,马冬月,董婷婷,熊丽丹 2019 (9):  585-589.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.005 摘要 ( 495 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(1275KB) ( 458 )   为探索侧柏叶提取物对细胞损伤的修复作用及抗炎功效,采用SDS刺激HaCaT细胞和LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞构建炎症模型。随后加入侧柏叶提取物,观察其对SDS致HaCaT细胞损伤后的SOD酶活力修复作用及对RAW264.7细胞上清中炎症因子分泌的抑制作用。结果表明,SDS刺激HaCaT细胞后,能够对细胞造成一定损伤,并致使细胞内SOD酶活力降低,随后加入侧柏叶提取物,其对SOD酶活力有修复作用,最高修复率为85.6%,表明侧柏叶提取物具有修复SOD酶活力功效。同时LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞,构建炎症模型成功后,随后加入侧柏叶提取物,其对RAW264.7细胞上清NO含量具有降低作用,同时,能够抑制IL-6,IL-1β和TNF-α炎症因子的释放,表明侧柏叶提取物具有抗炎功效。 In order to explore the repair of cell damage and anti-inflammatory effects of the platycladus orientalis extract（CBY）, SDS was used to stimulate HaCaT cells to establish an injury model and LPS was used to induce RAW264.7 cells to construct an inflammatory model. After that, CBY was added to repair the SOD activity of damaged HaCaT cells and decrease the inflammatory factors of RAW264.7. The results show that HaCaT cells are damaged to a certain extent after being stimulated by SDS, and the enzyme activity of intracellular SOD is decreased. The addition of platycladus orientalis extract has repair effect on the enzyme activity of SOD with the highest repair rate of 85.6%. Besides, there is high expression of inflammatory factors（NO, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α）in RAW264.7 cells after the addition of LPS, while all the factors are decreased with the addition of platycladus orientalis extract, which suggested that the platycladus orientalis extract has anti-inflammatory effect. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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月桂醇聚醚-6羧酸对皂基洁面泡沫的影响 Effect of laureth-6 carboxylic acid on soap-based facial cleansing foam 李芳芳,汤小芹,陈明华 2019 (9):  590-596.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.006 摘要 ( 1465 )   HTML ( 59 )   PDF(1291KB) ( 1441 )   洁面泡沫以其使用方便、泡沫细腻绵密等优点受到消费者的青睐。文章主要以皂基体系为基础洁面泡沫配方,研究了月桂醇聚醚-6羧酸以及pH对体系的发泡力和泡沫稳定性的影响,同时研究了月桂醇聚醚-6羧酸对皂基洁面泡沫体系的使用肤感方面的影响。结果表明,在月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸和月桂醇聚醚-6羧酸总质量分数为9%,月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸质量比为2∶1条件下,月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、月桂醇聚醚-6羧酸的质量分数分别为4%,2%和3%时,体系的发泡力和泡沫稳定性较佳;pH对体系的影响较小,在pH=9.55时,具有较佳的发泡力和泡沫稳定性;经过消费者调研,发现月桂醇聚醚-6羧酸能够明显改善皂基洁面泡沫洗后的干涩肤感,促进了皂基洁面泡沫的应用。 Cleansing foam is favored by consumers for its convenient use and delicate foam. Based on the soap-based system, the effect of laureth-6 carboxylic acid and pH on foaming capacity and foaming stability of the system were studied. Meanwhile, the effect of laureth-6 carboxylic acid on the skin feeling of the soap-based system was also estimated. Under the condition that the total mass fraction of fatty acid is 9%（with the mass ratio of lauric acid and myristic acid is 2∶1）, it shows that foaming capacity and foaming stability of the system are excellent when the mass fraction of lauric acid, myristic acid and laureth-6 carboxylic acid is 4%, 2% and 3% respectively. The pH value has little influence on the system, and the optimum foaming capacity and foaming stability can be reached at the pH value of 9.55. After the consumer research, it is found that lauryeth-6 carboxylic acid can significantly improve the dry skin feel of soap-based facial cleansing foam after washing, and promote the application of the soap-based cleansing foam. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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氧泡泡小苏打牙膏对牙菌斑和牙龈炎症状控制的临床评价 Clinical evaluation on the efficacy of a sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis 严敬华 2019 (9):  597-600.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.007 摘要 ( 713 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF(764KB) ( 578 )   观察含小苏打的牙膏对控制牙菌斑、减轻牙龈炎的临床效果。采用随机、对照、双盲研究方法,筛选80名符合试验要求的受试者,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组使用含小苏打的牙膏,对照组使用不含小苏打的牙膏。在使用前,使用4周、8周和12周后,分别记录受试者牙龈炎指数（Gingival Index,GI）,菌斑指数（Plaque Index,PI）及牙龈出血指数（Bleeding Index,BI）,并进行统计学分析。结果表明,使用4周、8周和12周后,试验组PI显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。使用12周后,试验组GI、BI显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明含小苏打的牙膏对控制牙菌斑和减轻牙龈炎有一定效果。 The effects of sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice on gingivitis and plaque were studied. The study was a double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial in which 80 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups, i.e. the test group and the control group. The test group used sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice, while the control group used commercial dentifrice without sodium bicarbonate. Gingival Index（GI）, Plaque Index（PI）, and Bleeding Index（BI）of all subjects at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12 were recorded and analyzed. Significant difference（P<0.05）was observed on PI improvement between test and control groups at week 4, week 8 and week 12 in favor of test group. Significant difference（P<0.05）of GI and BI improvement between two groups was observed only at week 12 in favor of test group. These results suggested that sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice had a certain effect in controlling symptoms of plaque and gingivitis. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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反应型高分子表面活性剂的研究进展 Research progress on reactive polymeric surfactants 吕斌,刘慧慧,李鹏飞,高党鸽,马建中 2019 (9):  601-608.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.008 摘要 ( 420 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(1517KB) ( 516 )   介绍了反应型高分子表面活性剂的合成方法,包括加成/缩合、开环聚合、自由基聚合和活性可控自由基聚合;进而从高分子可聚合表面活性剂、高分子表面活性引发剂、高分子表面活性修饰剂和高分子表面活性交联剂等方面对反应型高分子表面活性剂的研究进展进行了综述;最后,对反应型高分子表面活性剂的发展趋势进行了展望。 The synthetic methods of reactive polymeric surfactants were introduced, including addition/condensation, ring-opening polymerization, free radical polymerization and active controlled radical polymerization. The research progress of reactive polymeric surfactants was reviewed in the aspects of polymerizable polymeric surfactants, polymeric surfactant initiators, polymeric surfactant modifiers and polymeric surfactant cross-linking agents. Finally, the development trend of reactive polymeric surfactants was prospected. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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洗衣粉包装袋图形元素视觉优化创意设计 Visual optimization and creative design of graphic elements in laundry powder packaging bags 段静 2019 (9):  609-613.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.009 摘要 ( 289 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(910KB) ( 471 )   文章提出了一种洗衣粉包装袋图形元素视觉优化创意设计方法。建立洗衣粉包装的物理层元素,对包装图形的呈现方式进行分析,最后对图形元素视觉优化创意设计的原理进行优化。优化结果显示,该方法可以完成洗衣粉包装图形元素视觉的创意设计,使洗衣粉包装具有独特性,有一定的实用性。 This paper presents a visual optimization creative design method for graphic elements of laundry powder packaging bags. The physical layer elements of the laundry powder packaging were established, and the presentation mode of the packaging graphics was analyzed. Finally, the principle of visual optimization creative design of the graphic elements was optimized. The optimization results show that this method can complete the creative design of graphic elements of laundry powder packaging, making the laundry powder packaging unique and practical. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Janus微纳粒子的制备 Preparation of Janus micro/nanoparticles 薛伟,武江红,杜志平 2019 (9):  614-620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.010 摘要 ( 655 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(1317KB) ( 456 )   表面活性剂是工业领域中非常重要的一类助剂。然而,分离回收是其面临的一个重大挑战。Janus粒子作为一类新兴的界面活性材料,在结构或性能等方面具有不对称性,不仅具有类似于表面活性剂分子的界面活性,同时由于其质量的显著增加,有可能克服表面活性剂的上述问题,成为表面活性剂的替代产品。文章就现有的Janus粒子主要的制备方法进行了简要的概述,如：模板法、相分离法、乳液聚合法、自组装法、湿化学法和微流控法。并对今后制备Janus粒子的发展方向进行了展望。 Surfactants are a very important class of additives in industrial field. However, the issues of separation and recycling are extremely challenging. Janus particle, with asymmetric property or architecture, is a novel type of interfacial active material. Janus particle not only exhibits interfacial activity which is similar to surfactant molecule, but also possesses significantly higher mass than that of surfactants, which might be utilized to overcome the before mentioned problems and might be applied as a candidate for surfactants. The methods for preparation of Janus particles were reviewed, such as template, phase separation, emulsion polymerization, self-assembly, wet chemistry and microfluidic methods. The development directions of Janus particles in the future were also prospected. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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进口防晒剂中纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化钛检测结果分析 Determination of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in imported sunscreen cosmetics 李硕,代静,李莉,王钢力 2019 (9):  621-626.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.011 摘要 ( 492 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF(1204KB) ( 532 )   纳米氧化锌（nano-ZnO）和纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO2）作为原料被广泛应用于防晒剂中。纳米颗粒具有的特殊理化性质,可能会对人体产生潜在的风险隐患,其安全性受到广泛关注。一些防晒剂产品标签成分表中仅标识了氧化锌和/ 或二氧化钛字样,对是否属于纳米级别却没有相应标识。实验分别使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、紫外-可见光分光光度法对市售的50批进口防晒剂中的氧化锌、二氧化钛含量进行了定量测定。通过实验室自拟方法,采用高分辨透射电子显微镜联用能谱技术对其中添加的纳米氧化锌/纳米二氧化钛形态进行了表征。检测结果表明,50批防晒剂中氧化锌、二氧化钛含量均符合要求,44批样品观测到含有纳米颗粒,但所有样品均未对所含氧化锌、二氧化钛是否属于纳米颗粒进行标识。 Nanoparticles（NPs）of zinc oxide（nano-ZnO）and titanium dioxide（nano-TiO2）have been widely used as raw materials in sunscreen cosmetics. The special physico-chemical properties of NPs may lead to potential risks to the human body, and thus their safety has received extensive attention recently. For some sunscreen cosmetics, only the words zinc oxide（ZnO）and/or titanium dioxide（TiO2）are labeled on the composition table, and there is no information about being nano-sized or not. Quantitative analysis of ZnO and TiO2 was carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, respectively, for 50 batches of commercial imported sunscreen cosmetics. The morphologies of the ZnO and TiO2 NPs were characterized by a high resolution transmission electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that NPs were observed in 44 batches of samples among the 50 batches of samples in total. However, none of these commercial products is labeled for the existence of NPs. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标