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2017年, 第47卷, 第9期　刊出日期：2017-09-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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醇醚糖苷厌氧生物降解性能及降解机理研究 Study on performance and mechanism of anaerobic biodegradation of alkylethoxyglucosides 张广良, 董庆斌, 赵永红, 冯瑜 2017 (9):  481-486.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.001 摘要 ( 258 )   PDF(1219KB) ( 277 )   参考GB/T 27857-2011有机物厌氧降解试验方法,在实验室条件下模拟厌氧环境,采用蒽酮法和TOC法分别研究了醇醚糖苷(AEG)的初级和最终生物降解性能。结果表明,即使AEG的起始质量浓度达到100 mg/L,其初级厌氧生物降解率仍然能够达到90%以上;当起始质量浓度为40 mg/L时,其最终厌氧生物降解率为88.5%。最后采用气-质联用仪对AEG的厌氧生物降解机理进行探讨发现:AEG首先经历糖苷醚键断裂,生成葡萄糖和AEO;之后AEO从末端EO链开始降解形成醇,最后转化为CO2、CH4和水等。 With “Test method for anaerobic biodegradability of organic materials” (GB/T 27857-2011) as reference,and under simulated anaerobic laboratory conditions,the primary and ultimate anaerobic biodegradability performance of alkylethoxyglucosides (AEG) were measured separately by anthrone colorimetric method and TOC method respectively.Results show that even if the initial mass concentration of AEG reaches 100 mg/L,the primary degradation extent can achieve more than 90%,and when the initial mass concentration is 40 mg/L,the ultimate anaerobic degradation extent can achieve 88.5%.The biodegradation mechanism of AEG is studied with the application of GC-MS,and the result shows that the first step is the cleavage of the ether-glucoside bond with the formation of glucose and AEO,and the next step is the degradation of AEO molecule from the terminal EO,with the releasing of alcohol molecule.Finally they convert to carbon dioxide,methane and water. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅸ)——杀菌性能 Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅸ) Bactericidal performance 王萍, 杨许召, 邹文苑, 徐清杰, 王军 2017 (9):  487-491.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.002 摘要 ( 352 )   PDF(896KB) ( 318 )   离子液体表面活性剂对球菌、杆菌和真菌等具有优良的杀菌性能和广谱性。含有咪唑、吡啶、喹啉、吡咯烷酮等结构的离子液体表面活性剂比传统季氮阳离子表面活性剂具有更好的杀菌性能;烷基链长对离子液体表面活性剂杀菌性能的影响明显,具有C12~14烷基的离子液体表面活性剂具有最好的杀菌性能;阴离子的类型对离子液体表面活性剂的杀菌性能影响不明显。离子液体表面活性剂对生物膜具有良好的清除作用。 Ionic liquid surfactants display excellent bactericidal performance and broad spectrum against microorganism,such as cocci,rods and fungi.The ionic liquid surfactants containing structural group such as imidazole,pyridine,quinoline and pyrrolidone display better bactericidal performance than the traditional cationic surfactants containing quaternary nitrogen.The bactericidal performance of ionic liquid surfactants considerably depends on the number of carbon atom in the alkyl group.The optimum range of number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is C12~14.The bactericidal performance of ionic liquid surfactants with different anions is similar.Ionic liquid surfactants display potent,broad spectrum antibiofilm activity. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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腰果酚聚氧乙烯醚的表面性能研究 Study on the surface performance of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether 赵雪华, 黄中瑞, 康文倩, 王利民, 车飞, 翟兆凯 2017 (9):  492-496.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.003 摘要 ( 476 )   PDF(815KB) ( 445 )   研究了腰果酚聚氧乙烯醚BGF-10的表面活性及不同添加剂对其表面活性的影响。结果表明,在25 ℃时BGF-10的临界胶束浓度cmc=6.09×10-6 mol/L,最低表面张力γcmc=38.08 mN/m,具有较好的抗硬水能力。BGF-10对一价的无机盐具有较强的抗盐性,随着二价无机盐浓度的增加,BGF-10的表面活性增强。一元醇能够降低BGF-10的表面张力,随着一元醇浓度的增加,BGF-10形成胶束的能力先升高后降低。BGF-10与表面活性剂复配具有一定的增效作用,尤其是与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)形成的复配体系,其cmc增效2.52%,γcmc增效11.49%。BGF-10对液体石蜡的乳化能力好,且具有增稠和低泡的性能。 Surface activity of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether BGF-10 and the effects of different additives on the surface activity were studied.Results show that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of BGF-10 is 6.09×10-6 mol/L,and the lowest surface tension (γcmc) is 38.08 mN/m at 25 ℃.Moreover,BGF-10 displays a better resistance to hard water and a strong salt tolerance to monovalent inorganic salts.With the increase of concentration of divalent inorganic salt,the surface activity of BGF-10 is enhanced.Monohydric alcohol can reduce the surface tension of BGF-10.The ability of BGF-10 to form micelles increases in the beginning and then decreases with the increase of monohydric alcohol concentration.BGF-10 displays a synergistic effect with other surfactants,especially with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB),and its cmc synergizes upto 2.52%,while the γcmc synergizes upto 11.49%.BGF-10 displays a good emulsifying power for paraffin oil,as well as both thickening and defoaming performance. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱对产膜表皮葡萄球菌粘附作用的影响 Effect of dodecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine on adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation bacteria 段强军, 花私齐, 官妍 2017 (9):  497-501.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.004 摘要 ( 211 )   PDF(7697KB) ( 153 )   通过表面活性剂十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(DSB)对表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜菌粘附的抑制作用研究,为抗由表皮葡萄球菌生物被膜菌引起的相关感染提供新的探索方向和治疗途径。以万古霉素为阳性对照,利用XTT减低法评价DSB对表皮葡萄球菌初始粘附的影响。发现质量浓度为64 mg/L的DSB对表皮葡萄球菌初始粘附有显著的抑制作用;用质量浓度为512,256和128 mg/L的DSB对实验材料预处理后,对表皮葡萄球菌初始粘附的抑制作用明显。结果表明,DSB对表皮葡萄球菌形成生物被膜的初始粘附过程具有显著的抑制作用。 An investigation of inhibitory effects of surfactant dodecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (DSB) against adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation bacteria was conducted in order to find possible new research direction and treatment method of S.epidermidis biofilm bacteria associated infection.Vancomycin is applied as positive control,XTT reduction assay is used to evaluate the effect of DSB on the initial adhesion of S.epidermidis.The presented results show that DSB displays a significantly inhibitory effect on the initial adhesion of S.epidermidis at the mass concentration of 64 mg/L.After the experimental starting materials are pretreated by DSB at the mass concentration of 512,256 and 128 mg/L,the initial adhesion of S.epidermidis is significantly inhibited.Therefore,experimental results indicate that DSB has an significantly inhibitory effects on the initial adhesion in the process of biofilm formation of S.epidermidis. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种非离子表面活性剂的合成及其对涂布纸的脱墨效果 Study on the synthesis of a novel nonionic surfactant and its effect on deinking of coated paper 丁希, 张昌辉, 游群杰, 刘涛, 马燕 2017 (9):  502-507.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.005 摘要 ( 323 )   PDF(1675KB) ( 353 )   以月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为原料,合成了一种新型的非离子表面活性剂AEO-IPDI-AEO (AIA),并用于分离回收涂布纸。以白度和残余油墨量为指标,考察AIA的较佳合成条件。采用傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行表征。将AIA与其他表面活性剂进行复配,考察复配脱墨剂的脱墨效果。结果表明,AIA的较佳合成条件为:n(AEO7)∶n(IPDI)=2∶1,反应温度(60±2) ℃,反应时间2 h,脱墨体系的pH=8。结构表征表明合成的产物为目标产物。相比于市售脱墨剂,AIA脱墨剂对涂布纸具有良好的脱墨效果,而对于新闻纸和打字纸,脱墨效果相差不大。将AIA与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠按质量比为1∶2进行复配,制得的复配脱墨剂对涂布纸的白度达71.9%,残余油墨量仅为58.5 mm2/m2;将AIA与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚按质量比为1∶2进行复配,制得的复配脱墨剂对涂布纸的白度达71.3%,残余油墨量仅为61.4 mm2/m2。 Using lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as raw materials,a novel nonionic surfactant AEO-IPDI-AEO (AIA) was synthesized and used for the deinking of recovered waste coated paper.The optimum conditions for synthesis of AIA were examined with whiteness and residual ink concentration as criteria.The structures of the products were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR.The AIA product was blended with other surfactants to examine the deinking effect of blend deinking agent.Results show that the better synthesis conditions of AIA are:n(AEO7)∶n(IPDI)=2∶1;reaction temperature,(60±2) ℃;reaction time,2 h.The deinking effect of deinking system achieves the best at pH=8.The structural characterization shows that the synthesized product is the target product.Compared with commercial deinking agents,AIA deinking agent displays better deinking effect on coated paper;while for newsprint and typing paper,the deinking effect shows no difference.Test result for blend of AIA and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1∶2 shows that the coated paper whiteness reaches 71.9%,and the concentration of residual ink is only 58.5 mm2/m2.Similarly,test result for blend of AIA and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether at a mass ratio of 1∶2 shows that the coated paper whiteness reaches 71.3%,and the concentration of residual ink is only 61.4 mm2/m2. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种用于评价洗发水去屑功效的体外生物模型 An in vitro model for evaluation of the anti-dandruff performance of hair care products 陈默, 江丹, 黄亮, 张利萍 2017 (9):  508-511.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.006 摘要 ( 402 )   PDF(851KB) ( 433 )   以马拉色菌作为指示菌,建立了一种以猪皮为载体的生物模型。该生物模型可以用于评价头发护理产品的去屑功效。包含以下步骤:载体前处理;指示菌的接种;用洗发水处理猪皮模型,采用平板接触法进行抑菌效果测试;计算平板上马拉色菌的生长面积与平板面积之比作为有效指数P;以有效指数P评价产品的去屑功效。去屑剂评价结果表明,在0.1%~2.0%范围内,抑菌整体作用排序为BPT＞ZPT＞OCT。洗发水评价结果表明:1种洗发水无去屑功效;3种洗发水有去屑功效;2种洗发水有较强去屑功效。 An in vitro model for evaluation of the anti-dandruff performance of hair care products was established.In this model,Malassezia was used as indicator bacteria with pig skin as substrate.This model includes the following steps:pretreatment of the substrate;inoculation of indicator bacteria;measurement of the bacteriostatic efficacy by plate contact method;calculation of the effective index P;evaluation of the anti-dandruff performance by the effective index P.Three kinds of anti-dandruff agent,BPT,ZPT and OCT were tested with the model.Results show that the order for antibacterial efficacy of the anti-dandruff agents with mass fraction range of 0.1%~2.0% is BPT>ZPT>OCT.Evaluation results of hair shampoo from commercial market show that:one displays no anti-dandruff efficacy;three displays medium anti-dandruff efficacy;two displays strong anti-dandruff efficacy. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种美白霜的研制及其美白功效评价 Preparation and efficacy evaluation of a human-skin whitening cream 万禁禁, 刘瑞学, 冷群英, 陈效芳 2017 (9):  512-516.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.007 摘要 ( 612 )   PDF(918KB) ( 661 )   以传明酸、烟酰胺、4-甲氧基水杨酸钾和光果甘草根提取物为主要美白活性成分制备了一种美白霜。该美白霜分布均匀、无颗粒感、细腻柔滑、稠度适宜,稳定性良好;采用3D黑素皮肤模型体外测试和人体试验的方法对其进行了美白功效评价。3D黑素皮肤模型体外测试结果表明,该美白霜对黑色素的合成或转运有显著的抑制作用,具有优异的体外美白功效;人体试验结果表明,使用该美白霜4周后,受试者皮肤黑色素含量(MI值)明显降低,肌肤白度(L*值)和明亮度(ITA°值)增加,说明其具有良好的美白效果。 Tranexamic acid,nicotinamide,potassium 4-methoxysalicylate and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract were used as the main whitening active ingredients to prepare a human-skin whitening cream.The prepared human-skin whitening cream is uniform,no granulous feeling,delicate and smooth,with good consistency and stability.The whitening effect was evaluated by 3D melanin skin model in vitro test and volunteer's human-skin test.The results of 3D melanin skin model in vitro test show that the prepared human-skin whitening cream displays significant inhibitory effect on the synthesis or transfer of melanin,which indicates that it has excellent whitening effect in vitro.Human-skin test results show that the skin melanin content (MI value) of the volunteer's skin is significantly reduced,and their skin whiteness (L* value) and brightness (ITA° value) are increased after using the prepared human-skin whitening cream for 4 weeks,indicating that the prepared human-skin whitening cream displays a good effect. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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天然椰子油提取物对H2O2诱导的HSF细胞氧化损伤的保护作用 Protective effects of virgin coconut oil extracts on oxidative damage of human skin fibroblasts cells induced by H2O2 宋菲, 王挥, 唐敏敏, 沈晓君, 张玉锋, 邓福明 2017 (9):  517-521.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.008 摘要 ( 331 )   PDF(1954KB) ( 364 )   采用倒置生物显微镜观察人皮肤成纤维细胞(HSF)的形态,通过MTT法检测细胞存活率,并通过检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平、总抗氧化能力和抗氧化酶活性探讨天然椰子油提取物对H2O2诱导的HSF细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。结果表明,天然椰子油提取物在质量浓度为12.5~50 mg/L范围内对H2O2诱导的HSF细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用,且呈浓度依赖性。天然椰子油提取物可以抑制H2O2引起的细胞形态损伤,提高细胞存活率,还可以通过降低细胞内ROS水平、提高细胞总抗氧化能力以及提高细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,进而起到保护HSF细胞氧化应激损伤的作用。 The human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cell morphology was observed by inverted biological microscope,the cell viability was detected by MTT method,and the intracellular ROS level,the intracellular total antioxidation capacity and the activity of antioxidation enzyme (SOD,CAT and GSH-Px) were examined for investigating the protective effects of virgin coconut oil extracts on oxidative damage of HSF cells induced by H2O2.Results show that the virgin coconut oil extracts could protect HSF cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 at mass concentration range of 12.5 to 50 mg/L with a concentration dependent manner.Virgin coconut oil extracts could inhibit the cell morphological damage induced by H2O2 and improve the survival rate of the cells.In addition,virgin coconut oil extracts could protect HSF cells from oxidative damage induced by oxidative stress through decreasing the intracellular ROS level,increasing intracellular total antioxidant capacity and the enzyme activity of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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甘草酸二钾在牙膏中的抑菌作用 Bacteriostasis of di-potassium glycyrrhizate in toothpaste 陈钢, 许海燕, 骆朋 2017 (9):  522-525.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.009 摘要 ( 807 )   PDF(769KB) ( 390 )   测试了甘草酸二钾对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度,并研究了含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌作用及对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响。实验结果表明,甘草酸二钾对牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为1.875 g/L;含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏具有抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌的作用,抑菌环直径为20.5 mm;在二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的抗炎模型上,含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏具有超过醋酸氟轻松软膏的效果。 Minimum inhibitory concentration of di-potassium glycyrrhizate on Porphyromonas gingivalis was tested and determined.Meanwhile,effectiveness of the toothpaste formulated with 0.2% di-potassium glycyrrhizate on Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as the influence on inflammation of pinnae of mice induced by xylene were examined.Experimental results show that di-potassium glycyrrhizate displays inhibitory effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis,and the minimum inhibitory concentration is 1.875 g/L.Average diameter of circle of scope of bacteriostasis of the toothpaste formulated with 0.2% di-potassium glycyrrhizate on Porphyromonas gingivalisis is 20.5 mm.Furthermore,test conducted at the anti-inflammatory model of the pinnae of mice induced by xylene shows that,the toothpaste formulated with 0.2% di-potassium glycyrrhizate is more effective than the positive control fluocinonide ointment. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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咪唑啉两性乙酸钠表面活性剂的合成研究进展 Recent development in synthesis technology for imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate 关会垒 2017 (9):  526-531.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.010 摘要 ( 403 )   PDF(877KB) ( 513 )   综述了水相中咪唑啉两性乙酸钠表面活性剂的合成工艺。主要介绍了咪唑啉中间体的合成方法、影响因素以及环状咪唑啉中间体的水解;重点阐述了咪唑啉两性乙酸钠可能存在的化学结构以及咪唑啉中间体与氯乙酸钠反应的条件;分析了影响咪唑啉两性乙酸钠黏度和稳定性的因素。 Synthesis process of imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate in the aqueous phase was summarized.The synthesis methods and the influencing factors refer to imidazoline intermediate as well as the hydrolysis of imidazoline intermediate with cycle formula structure were introduced.Meanwhile,the possibly existing formula structures of imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate and the reaction conditions of imidazoline intermediate and sodium monochloroacetate were described emphatically.Then,the influencing factors refer to the viscosity and stability of imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate were discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法检测化妆品中4种防腐剂 Determination of four kinds of preservatives in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatograph 刘云凤, 赵井林, 张加玲, 牛娜, 乔增杰, 王明秀 2017 (9):  532-535.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.011 摘要 ( 349 )   PDF(809KB) ( 338 )   建立了测定化妆品中4种防腐剂(脱氢乙酸、氯苯甘醚、4-羟基苯甲酸苯酯和4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯)的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,样品经甲醇-水超声提取30 min后用紫外可见可变波长检测器检测。结果表明,4种防腐剂在12.5 min内基线分离,相关系数r＞0.998,平均回收率为88.5%～102.7%,日内精密度RSD＜3.1%,日间精密度RSD＜3.7%。该方法可用于化妆品中4种防腐剂的分析。 A method for the determination of four kinds of preservatives (dehydroacetic acid,chlorphenesin,phenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established.A Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used with methanol-0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase under the condition of gradient elution.Samples were extracted with methanol-water solution with assistance of ultrasonic wave for 30 min,and the samples were detected by VWD detector.Results show that the four kinds of preservatives are baseline separated in12.5 min.All correlation coefficients (r) are more than 0.998,with the average recoveries range from 88.5% to 102.7%.The intra-day precision (RSD) values are below 3.1% and inter-day precision (RSD) values are below 3.7%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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原位采样离子化-离子迁移谱法测定化妆品中5种禁用香豆素类化合物 Determination of five kinds of prohibited coumarin derivatives in cosmetics using ambient ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry 闫萌萌, 郭项雨, 孟宪双, 白桦, 雷海民, 马强 2017 (9):  536-540.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.012 摘要 ( 265 )   PDF(1314KB) ( 319 )   采用原位采样离子化及离子迁移谱技术,建立了化妆品中5种禁用香豆素类化合物的现场快速筛查方法。化妆品样品无需前处理,水剂类、唇膏类及散粉类化妆品样品直接滴加或涂抹于Grade 3MM型色谱纸上,滴加萃取溶剂,采用纸喷雾方式进行分析检测;乳液类、膏霜类及香波类化妆品样品经金属微电极直接蘸取,插入已充注萃取溶剂的玻璃毛细管内,采用萃取纳升喷雾方式进行分析检测。结果表明,5种香豆素类化合物的检出限为1~2.25 mg/kg,离子迁移分析时间均小于13 ms,单个样品的检测时间不超过30 s。对于疑似阳性样品,进一步采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行确证分析。 A rapid analytical method was established for the quick screening of five kinds of prohibited coumarin derivatives in cosmetics using ambient ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry.Without any pretreatment procedure,cosmetic samples of lotion,lipstick and powder were directly loaded onto a Grade 3MM chromatography paper and extraction solvent was added for paper spray ionization;cosmetic samples of cream and shampoo were loaded with a metal microelectrode and inserted into glass capillary that was pre-filled with extraction solvent for extraction nano-electrospray analysis.Results show that,the limits of detection for the five kinds of coumarin derivatives are 1-2.25 mg/kg.The instrumental analysis time for a single ion mobility spectrometry run is less than 13 ms,and the total period for sample analysis is less than 30 s.The suspicious positive samples are subjected to further verification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标