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2017年, 第47卷, 第10期　刊出日期：2017-10-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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聚乙二醇-十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的黏度特性研究 Investigation on viscosity characteristics of aqueous polyethylene glycol-sodium dodecylsulfate solution 王汪送, 吴业帆, 方云, 胡学一 2017 (10):  541-545.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.001 摘要 ( 375 )   PDF(888KB) ( 326 )   采用乌氏黏度计测定了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与非离子聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG)间不同程度缔合后的黏度行为。以基于SDS的比浓黏度变化获得PEG-SDS的双临界浓度,以基于PEG的比浓黏度变化反映其在较低缔合物浓度时呈现聚电解质的电黏效应以及盐屏蔽效应,并发现了PEG的链扩张现象。与PVP-SDS体系类似,上述现象归结为带电的SDS束缚胶束缔合于PEG分子链上形成了“拟聚电解质”。 Ubbelohde viscosimetry was applied to investigate the viscosity characteristics of nonionic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) associated by anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in different ratios.Double critical concentrations of PEG-SDS were obtained by the change of SDS-dependent reduced specific viscosity.Electro-viscous effect as well as the related salt shielding effect similar to a real polyelectrolyte was observed by the change of PEG-dependent reduced specific viscosity in lower concentrations of associate.Polymer coil expansion was also found in the aqueous PEG-SDS solution.The above viscosity characteristics in the PEG-SDS system are attributed to the formation of “pseudo-polyelectrolyte” by the charged SDS bound micelles associating on the PEG chain similar with the PVP-SDS system. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅹ)——在材料制备中的应用 Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅹ) Application in preparation of materials 李迎宾, 杨许召, 邹文苑, 徐清杰, 王军 2017 (10):  546-549.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.002 摘要 ( 288 )   PDF(787KB) ( 421 )   离子液体表面活性剂同时具有有机溶剂和表面活性剂的属性。按照离子液体表面活性剂在新型材料制备中的作用,可以分为4个方面:作为溶剂,作为模板剂,作为前驱体,同时作为溶剂、前驱体和模板剂。离子液体表面活性剂已成功应用于纳米材料、介孔材料、复合材料和超分子材料的制备。 Because of the dual properties of organic solvent and excellent surface activity,ionic liquid surfactants are used as solvent,templating agent,precursor,and all-in-one in the preparation of materials.Ionic liquid surfactants have been successfully applied in the synthesis of nano materials,mesoporous material,composite material and super-molecular materials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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皂基洁面乳热流变性研究 Study on thermo-rheological properties of soap-based cleanser 张晨, 张志伟, 王梁元, 罗绍强, 张振华, 方波 2017 (10):  550-553.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.003 摘要 ( 370 )   PDF(1740KB) ( 395 )   研究了皂基洁面乳出料时、灌装前及灌装后3个阶段的流变学性质(包括流动曲线、剪切触变性和黏弹性),结果表明,该皂基洁面乳是具有剪切变稀性质的黏弹-触变性流体。进一步研究了皂基洁面乳的热流变性,获得升温过程黏温曲线和复模量随升温和降温过程变化曲线。结果表明,在5~40 ℃之间,体系黏度随温度升高而下降;在40~50 ℃之间,体系黏度随温度升高而增大;在50~80 ℃之间,体系黏度随温度升高而下降。复模量随温度变化曲线表明,体系复模量的升温曲线和降温曲线不重合,具有显著的热触变性,40 ℃是该皂基洁面乳结构变化的转折点。 Rheological properties (flow rate vs.viscosity plot,thixotropy and viscoelasticity) of soap-based cleanser at three stages (discharging from the crutcher,before and after the bottle filling) were studied.Results show that the soap-based cleanser is a viscoelastic-thixotropic fluid with shear thinning property.Further,the thermo-rheology of soap-based cleanser was studied,and the plots for change of viscosity vs.temperature in heating process and complex modulus vs.temperature were obtained.Results indicate that the viscosity of the system decreases within the increase of temperature range of 5-40 ℃,then increases within the temperature range of 40-50 ℃,but decreases again within temperature range of 50-80 ℃.The plot of complex modulus vs.temperature shows that the curve of heating process does not coincide with that of the cooling process.Obviously,the soap-based cleanser system displays significant thermal thixotropy and 40 ℃ is the turning point. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表面活性剂对特低渗油藏的适用性及应用 Adaptability and application of surfactant for exploit of reservoir of crude oil with extra low permeability 谭俊领, 沈一丁, 杨棠英 2017 (10):  554-557.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.004 摘要 ( 299 )   PDF(774KB) ( 306 )   为评价表面活性剂WLW对特低渗油藏的适用性,研究了WLW的渗吸特性、乳化性能和界面张力及其在特低渗油藏物理模拟岩心驱油实验和现场中的应用。室内实验结果表明,WLW对注入水的渗吸效率有促进作用;注入质量分数0.2%的WLW溶液,可在水驱基础上提高驱油效率5%左右;WLW在特低渗岩心中提高驱油效率的幅度明显高于中低渗岩心。2011—2013年在长庆靖安油田A1和A2井组开展注WLW现场试验,累计增油4 781 t,WLW对于特低渗油藏提高采收率效果明显。 In order to evaluate the adaptability of surfactant WLW for exploit of reservoir of crude oil with extra low permeability in Changqing Jingan oilfield,the imbibition characteristics,emulsion performance and interfacial tension between crude oil and the surfactant WLW solution as well as the oil displacement test using physical simulated rock core were studied in experiment and in field application.Results show that the surfactant WLW stimulates the imbibition efficiency of the injected water;when the injection mass fraction of surfactant system is 0.2%,the oil displacement efficiency will increase 5% in this low permeability reservoir,and in the range of the low permeability,the lower the permeability is,the better the surfactant improves the oil displacement efficiency.From 2011 to 2013,field test of oil well group A1 and A2 in Changqing Jingan oilfield was conducted and 4 781 t of crude oil increased.Obviously,the surfactant can enhance the oil recovery of extra low permeability reservoirs. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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纤维对水基泡沫液稳定性影响的研究 Effect of pulp fiber on stability of aqueous foamed liquid 杨新艳, 白婵玉, 刘杨, 王双飞 2017 (10):  558-561.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.005 摘要 ( 245 )   PDF(1130KB) ( 282 )   探讨了蔗渣浆、阔叶木浆和针叶木浆漂白后的纤维原料对水基泡沫液的发泡能力和稳定性的影响,并采用光学显微镜与Image J软件结合的方法,着重研究了水基泡沫液中气泡大小及其分布情况。结果表明,较宽的纤维长度分布有利于水基泡沫液的发泡性能;纤维长、多分散性数值大的水基泡沫液的稳定性好,气泡直径较小且大小均匀;3种浆料中,蔗渣浆纤维的水基泡沫液稳定性最差,其次是阔叶木浆纤维的水基泡沫液,针叶木浆纤维的水基泡沫液稳定性最好。 Effects of fibrous material of separate bleached pulp of bagasse,hardwood and softwood on the foaming power and foam stability of aqueous foamed liquid were investigated.The study on size and distribution characteristics of bubbles was highlighted by using optical microscope in combination with Image J software.Results show that aqueous foamed liquid with broader fiber length distribution displays better foaming power.In addition,aqueous foamed liquid with longer fiber length and higher ratio of poly-dispersity displays better foam stability,smaller diameter,and more uniform size distribution.Comparing the three kinds of separate pulp fiber,the foam stability of bagasse pulp foam is the lowest,follows by hardwood pulp foam,and softwood pulp foam is the highest. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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香烟烟雾为模型的污染环境对头发损伤的研究 Study on hair damage caused by polluted air environment simulated with cigarette smoke 牛丽娟, 瞿欣 2017 (10):  562-567.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.006 摘要 ( 362 )   PDF(2445KB) ( 276 )   基于香烟烟雾建立了模拟空气污染的环境,测试健康和受损发束在该污染环境中的损伤情况。通过对比多次处理前后暴露污染的样品发束和未暴露污染的对照发束的湿发和干发梳理性、表面接触角、色氨酸含量和表面毛鳞片特征的变化,表明该污染环境对头发有显著的化学损伤。尤其是健康头发暴露空气污染后表面毛鳞片受损和角蛋白损伤降解,表面更加亲水,梳理性变差。通过以上方法在健康发束上证明了聚合物聚酰亚胺-1具备抵御损伤的能力。 Polluted air environment was established based upon a simulating chest that filled with cigarette smoke.Bundles of healthy virgin hair and hair that exposed many times in the cigarette smoke were tested and performance compared,including carding of dry hair and wet hair,surface contact angle,tryptophan level and surface cuticle morphology.Results show that the exposure in cigarette smoke results in significant chemical damage of the hair.Especially,after exposure in the polluted environment,the hair cuticle of the healthy hair is damaged,and its keratin is degraded,which causes the hair fibers becoming more hydrophilic and tangling for carding.This method has been applied to prove that the polymer polyimide-1 can be used for protecting hair damage caused by polluted air. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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采用贝叶斯网络法评价化妆品原料眼刺激性 A safety evaluation method of eye irritation evaluation of cosmetic ingredients based on Bayesian Network 陈莉, 陈卫, 季文君, 朱乃军, 方韵 2017 (10):  568-572.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.007 摘要 ( 283 )   PDF(1203KB) ( 262 )   采用贝叶斯网络(BN)替代评价方法将非试验数据和替代试验数据组合形成评估框架,用于化妆品原料的眼刺激性评估和分级。基于综合测试策略(ITS),在替代试验的基础上增加了非试验数据,包括构效关系和理化性质等。通过搜集104种化妆品原料的数据,建立了化妆品原料眼刺激性评价的贝叶斯网络,并进行验证试验。将5种化妆品原料分别进行替代试验和家兔眼刺激试验,通过将非试验数据和替代试验数据输入贝叶斯网络,得到分级预测结果,并与家兔眼刺激试验结果进行比较。结果表明,所建立的基于贝叶斯网络的替代评价方法能够有效整合非试验数据和体外试验数据,有助于提高评价的可靠性。 This study applied a Bayesian Network (BN) to predict eye irritation of cosmetic ingredients.It bases on the Integrated Testing Strategy (ITS) and combines evidence from different information sources such as QSAR model predictions,in vitro alternative method results and in vivo test results in order to increase the reliability of a conclusion on the eye irritation of cosmetic ingredients.The parameters of BN were calculated from an extended data set of 104 cosmetic ingredients.A detailed validation analysis and a case study of five cosmetic ingredients were carried out to demonstrate the utility of the BN for practical application.These results suggest that BN displays good predictive capacity in eye irritation of cosmetic ingredients and is of well application value as a prediction model in cosmetic safety evaluation. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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不同剂型四氢姜黄素皮肤渗透性的研究 Study on the cutaneous permeation of tetrahydrocurcumin in various formulations 叶凤, 肖伟莉, 文国锦, 杨兴东, 王雪梅 2017 (10):  573-577.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.008 摘要 ( 387 )   PDF(870KB) ( 385 )   通过体外经皮实验研究四氢姜黄素(THC)的渗透性,采用高效液相色谱法测定其在50%乙醇水溶液、乳液、固体脂质纳米粒3种剂型中以及分别加入氮酮后的累积透过率与滞留率。结果表明,累积透过率和滞留率均随着渗透时间的延长而增加;THC在50%乙醇水溶液中渗透性最强,在乳液中最弱;氮酮对50%乙醇水溶液中THC的促渗作用最明显,对乳液中THC的促渗作用最不明显;与未加氮酮相比,相同的渗透时间内,累积透过率均有所增加,滞留率没有明显变化。 The permeability of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) was studied through experiments in vitro percutaneous.The cumulative permeation rates (CPRs) and retention rates (RRs) in 50% aqueous ethanol,emulsion,solid lipid nanoparticles,and in which before and after adding azone were all determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results show that the CPRs and RRs of THC increase with permeation time.Its permeability is the strongest in 50% aqueous ethanol,and the weakest in emulsion.After adding azone,the enhancing permeation effect is the most remarkable in 50% aqueous ethanol and the least remarkable in emulsion.Comparing with no azone at the same permeation time,the CPRs in all formulations are improved significantly,and the RRs show no significant change. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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苯基键合硅胶萃取黄酮化合物的性能研究 Extraction performance of flavonoids with phenyl bonded silica gel 江易扬, 王立成 2017 (10):  578-582.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.009 摘要 ( 232 )   PDF(1559KB) ( 335 )   以苯基三氯硅烷和硅胶为原料制得苯基键合硅胶固相萃取材料,采用扫描电镜、元素分析、比表面积/孔径分析、红外光谱等对其进行了结构表征。装填固相萃取小柱,以4个黄酮模型化合物为目标分析物,研究苯基键合硅胶的萃取性能。对上样体积、上样速度、上样pH、洗脱剂类型、洗脱体积、洗脱速度等萃取参数进行了优化,并建立了苯基键合硅胶富集萃取黄酮化合物的高效液相色谱分析检测方法。实验证实该方法具有宽的线性范围(1～200 μg/L)、低的检出限(0.25 μg/L),并成功应用于2种实际样品中黄酮化合物的富集检测。上述结果说明苯基键合硅胶是一种对黄酮化合物具有良好萃取性能的固相萃取材料。 The phenyl bonded silica gel,as a solid-phase extraction material (the sorbent) was prepared with phenyl trichlorosilane and silica gel as raw materials.Scanning electron microscopy,elemental analysis,specific surface area/pore radius analysis and infrared spectroscopy characterized the sorbent.The phenyl bonded silica gel was packed into a solid-phase extraction micro-column and its extraction ability was examined by four model flavonoids as the analysis targets.The parameters of sample loading volume,sample loading velocity,sample solution pH value,eluent type,eluent volume and eluent velocity were assessed,and the analytical method,high performance liquid chromatography was established under the optimized conditions.Results show that the established method displays wide linearities from 1 μg/L to 200 μg/L and low limits of detection at 0.25 μg/L for the four model flavonoids.The established method was also used to analyze two real samples and satisfactory results were obtained.All the experimental results show that the prepared phenyl bonded silica gel is a good solid-phase extraction material for flavonoids. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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中药双向发酵技术在化妆品中的应用 Application of bi-directional fermentation technology of traditional Chinese medicine in cosmetics 左锦辉, 薛燕, 杜一杰, 李丽, 董银卯 2017 (10):  583-587.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.010 摘要 ( 447 )   PDF(1038KB) ( 480 )   综述了中药双向发酵技术的起源发展、技术特点以及其发酵产物作为功效原料在化妆品领域中的应用,总结了其在化妆品领域中的应用优势及存在问题。并推断,把我国传统的中医药优势与现代发酵技术相结合的中药双向发酵技术,将为我们进行独具中国特色的化妆品的开发提供一个新的思路。 The origin,development,technical features and the application as functional materials in cosmetic industry of bi-directional fermentation technology of traditional Chinese medicine were summarized.At the same time,its application superiority advantages and existing problems in cosmetics industry were discussed.The bi-directional fermentation technology of traditional Chinese medicine in combining with modern fermentation techniques,will provide us with a new idea for the development of cosmetics with unique Chinese characteristics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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化妆品光刺激性和光致敏性的安全评价方法进展 Progress with respect to safety evaluation methods for cosmetic photoirritation and photoallergy 蔡睿, 何文丹, 唐颖, 盘瑶, 赵华 2017 (10):  588-592.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.011 摘要 ( 361 )   PDF(847KB) ( 502 )   阐述了光刺激和光致敏的定义、区别与联系,从光化学反应、细胞、组织和器官模型、动物和人体试验等不同水平介绍了国内外常用的试验评价方法及进展,比较分析了各方法的适用范围和优缺点,并对目前化妆品皮肤光敏感研究的挑战和发展趋势进行了总结和展望。 The definition,differentiation and association of photoirritation and photoallergy were elucidated,and various assessment tools for evaluating cosmetic photoirritation and/or photoallergy used conventionally in domestic and international as well as the progress in this field covering various aspects such as photochemical reactions,cultured cells,tissue and orgen models,animal testing and in vivo human testing were introduced.The application scope,advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and discussed.The development trends and challenges in the current research work on cosmetic skin photosensitivity were summarized and prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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超级微波消解-ICP-MS法快速测定不同基质化妆品中8种重金属元素 Determination of eight heavy metal elements in cosmetics by super microwave digestion coupled with ICP-MS 何霜, 寻知庆, 黄少漫, 李琼, 吴楚森, 叶嘉荣 2017 (10):  593-597.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.012 摘要 ( 393 )   PDF(830KB) ( 413 )   采用超级微波消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)建立了不同基质化妆品中铬、镍、钴、钒、钼、锑、铊、铅8种重金属元素含量的测定分析方法。方法采用硝酸-水体系和超级微波进行消解,ICP-MS检测,外标法定量。在优化仪器条件下,8种重金属元素在0~100 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;方法检出限均不超过0.012 mg/kg。该方法应用于不同基质化妆品中8种重金属元素的快速测定,样品加标回收率在88.5%~108.5%之间,相对标准偏差不超过3.89%。该方法简便准确、灵敏度高,为快速测定不同基质化妆品中8种重金属元素提供了有效的分析方法。 A method for determination of eight heavy metal elements including chromium,nickel,cobalt,vanadium,molybdenum,antimony,thallium and lead in various cosmetics was established by using super microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The samples were digested with nitric acid-water system under assistance of super microwave irradiation,detected by ICP-MS and quantified by external standard method.Under the optimized conditions,good linear relationships of eight heavy metals are showed within the mass concentration range of 0-100 μg/L with the correlation coefficient larger than 0.999.The detection limits of the method are not higher than 0.012 mg/kg.This method has been successfully applied to the detection and analysis of eight heavy metal elements in various kinds of cosmetics.The recoveries of the spiked samples are between 88.5%-108.5% with the relative standard deviation not more than 3.89%.This method is simple,accurate and precision,which provides an effective method for the rapid determination of eigth heavy metals in various cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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ICP-OES法同时测定化妆品中砷、铅和镉 Simultaneous determination of arsenic,lead and cadmium in cosmetics by ICP-OES 杨永超, 孙永泽, 张闯, 闫婧, 赵好力宝 2017 (10):  598-602.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.013 摘要 ( 307 )   PDF(837KB) ( 261 )   建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法同时测定化妆品中砷(As)、铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)。方法采用硝酸-双氧水体系,优化了ICP-OES条件。结果表明,3种重金属元素在0.05~1.20 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系;As,Pb和Cd的相关系数均为0.999 8,检出限分别为0.63,0.30和0.015 mg/kg,定量限分别为2.1,1.0和0.05 mg/kg,平均加标回收率为90.7%~108.6%,相对标准偏差为0.44%~4.59% (n=6)。 A simultaneous determination method for arsenic (As),lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cosmetics by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was established.The sample was digested by nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide under the assistance of microwave irradiation.Meanwhile,the conditions of ICP-OES were optimized.The method under optimized conditions shows good linearity with the mass concentrations of the three heavy metal ions in range of 0.05-1.20 mg/L.The corresponding linear correlation coefficients for the heavy metals are all 0.999 8 with the spiked recoveries ranging within 90.7%-108.6%,and the relative standard deviation within 0.44%-4.59%(n=6).The limits of detection and quantification of As,Pb and Cd are 0.63,0.30,0.015 mg/kg and 2.1,1.0,0.05 mg/kg,respectively. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标