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2026年, 第56卷, 第3期　刊出日期：2026-03-22 上一期    下一期

科技讲座

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黏弹性表面活性剂（III）——稳态流变与剪切带现象 Viscoelastic surfactants （III）Steady rheology and shear bandings 冯玉军 2026 (3):  277-283.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.001 摘要 ( 77 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(3074KB) ( 64 )   蠕虫状胶束作为一类典型的软物质材料，因其独特的黏弹响应与可逆的动态网络结构，在诸多工业与生物医学领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文聚焦于该类胶束体系在稳态流场中的流变行为，系统解析其在剪切与拉伸作用下的微观结构演化与宏观响应机制。在剪切流场中，蠕虫状胶束表现出典型的牛顿平台、剪切稀化及高剪切平台等多段式流变特征，零剪切黏度随浓度呈幂律增长，反映出胶束生长、网络缠结乃至结构分枝的演化路径。在拉伸流场中，体系则呈现出应变硬化、拉伸断裂及动态恢复等非线性行为，其响应机制与剪切场存在本质差异，凸显胶束链的柔性与动态重组能力对流变行为的关键调控作用。特别是，剪切带作为一类典型的非线性失稳现象，源于胶束网络在局部区域解缠与重组的动态失配，与本构关系的非单调性密切相关，揭示了“活”聚集体特有的结构不稳定性。进一步总结了当前研究所面临的挑战，并展望了未来在联用表征技术、本构模型构建及复杂工况应用等方面的发展方向，旨在为理解非平衡态软物质物理及推动功能材料工程化设计提供理论支撑。 Wormlike micelles, as quintessential soft matter systems, have garnered substantial interest across industrial and biomedical sectors due to their unique viscoelastic signatures and reversible, dynamic network architectures. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the steady flow behaviors of these self-assembled structures, with a focus on the intricate interplay between microstructural evolution and macroscopic responses under both shear and extensional deformations. Under shear flow, wormlike micellar solutions exhibit a characteristic multi-regime flow curve, encompassing a Newtonian plateau, a shear-thinning region, and, at extreme rates, a second plateau. The zero-shear viscosity scales as a power-law with surfactant concentration, offering critical insights into micellar growth, the onset of entanglement, and the eventual formation of branched networks. In contrast, extensional flow elicits markedly different nonlinear responses, such as strain hardening, tensile failure, and subsequent dynamic recovery. These distinctions underscore the dominant role of chain flexibility and reversible scission in dictating the rheological response under different kinematic conditions. A focal point of this review is the phenomenon of shear banding, an archetypal flow instability arising from a dynamic mismatch between localized network disentanglement and re-entanglement. This symmetry-breaking process, manifesting as coexisting regions of differing shear rates, is intrinsically linked to a non-monotonic constitutive relation and reveals a fundamental structural fragility inherent to “living” polymer assemblies. Finally, we delineate the prevailing challenges in the field and propose future directions. Emphasis is placed on the development of in-situ characterization techniques, the formulation of advanced constitutive models that capture the unique dynamics of these systems, and the exploration of their behavior under complex, application-relevant conditions. Such endeavors are essential for advancing the non-equilibrium physics of soft materials and for guiding the rational design of functional fluids for advanced technologies. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

基础研究

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十二烷基嵌段聚醚磺酸钠与甜菜碱Gemini表面活性剂复配体系的协同驱油性能 Synergism in the mixture of sodium dodecyl block polyether sulfonate and Gemini betaine surfactant for oil displacement 李政雨,邢德钢,郑延成,赵洪运,由福昌 2026 (3):  284-292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.002 摘要 ( 77 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(3990KB) ( 62 )   为应对高矿化度油藏化学驱中表面活性剂耐盐性差、界面活性不足等问题，合成了一种新型的十二醇聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠延展表面活性剂（C12P6E6PS），将其与实验室自制的1,2-双[N-甲基-N-3-磺丙基十二烷基铵]乙烷甜菜碱型Gemini表面活性剂（GCS12）进行复配，并评价了复配体系的溶解性、界面活性、乳化性能、润湿改性能力及驱油效果。结果表明，n （C12P6E6PS） /n （GCS12） = 2∶1复配体系的性质具有显著协同效应，可在高盐度范围（150~200 g/L）内实现超低界面张力（最低达0.007 mN/m），并在12% NaCl高盐度条件下仍保持64%的乳化率。该体系能有效将岩心表面接触角从109°降至47.9°，实现由亲油至亲水的润湿反转，显著降低原油黏附功。岩心驱替实验进一步表明，复配体系能显著提高原油采收率，在水驱基础采收率约30%的条件下，可将其提升至60.83%。此项研究为高矿化度、低渗透油藏的化学驱提供了一种高效驱油表面活性剂体系和技术途径。 To solve the problems of poor salt tolerance and insufficient interfacial activity of surfactants in chemical flooding for high-salinity reservoirs, in this work, a novel anionic-nonionic surfactant, C12P6E6PS, was designed and synthesized, and then it was blended with a laboratory-synthesized betaine-type Gemini surfactant （GCS12）. The properties of the surfactant mixture, including solubility, interfacial activity, emulsification performance, wettability-altering ability, and oil displacement efficiency, were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the mixed system with n （C12P6E6PS） /n （GCS12） of 2∶1 exhibited significant synergistic effects, achieving ultralow interfacial tension （as low as 0.007 mN/m） within the high-salinity range （150-200 g/L） and maintaining an emulsification rate of 64% even at the salinity of 12% NaCl. This system could effectively reduce the contact angle from 109° to 47.9° on rock surfaces, changing the wettability from oil-wet to water-wet and significantly decreasing the adhesion work between crude oil and rock surface. Core flooding experiments showed that the mixed system could significantly enhance the oil recovery, i.e., after flooding by water （indicative of an oil recovery of approximately 30%）, the oil recovery was further increased to 60.83%. This study might provide an efficient technical approach for chemical flooding in high-salinity low-permeability reservoirs. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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蛋黄浆质-碳酸钙Pickering乳液制备研究 Study on the preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized with egg yolk plasma-calcium carbonate 刘晓蓓,李梓晗,裴刘军,王际平,王宁 2026 (3):  293-301.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.003 摘要 ( 68 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(6859KB) ( 56 )   针对纳米碳酸钙在液态食品体系中存在的分散稳定性差、生物利用率低等问题，文章创新性地采用蛋黄浆质作为乳化剂构建Pickering乳液体系。通过系统研究蛋黄浆质稀释比例、油相比例、超声处理等因素对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响规律，采用正交试验优化乳液制备参数。实验结果表明：蛋黄浆质以1∶4稀释，蛋黄浆质溶液与油相体积比为1∶4，在140 W超声功率下处理10 min时，制备乳液最稳定，可形成稳定的W/O型乳液。当碳酸钙添加量为乳液总质量的10%时，乳液体系仍保持较好的稳定性。该研究构建的乳液体系为开发高生物利用度的液态补钙食品提供了创新性解决方案，在功能性食品工业领域具有重要应用价值。 To solve the problems of poor dispersion stability and low bioavailability of nano-calcium carbonate in liquid food, in this work, egg yolk plasma was used as an emulsifier to prepare a Pickering emulsion. Those factors influencing emulsion stability, including the dilution ratio of egg yolk plasma with water, the volume ratio of egg yolk plasma to oil phase, and ultrasonic conditions, were systematically investigated and optimized by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that a highly stable W/O emulsion could be obtained at the dilution ratio of 1∶4 （egg yolk plasma∶water, V/V） and the volume ratio of egg yolk plasma to oil phase of 1∶4 under ultrasonic treatment at 140 W for 10 min. The emulsion added with calcium carbonate remained stable even when the amount of CaCO3 approached 10% of the total mass. This work could provide a novel approach for developing liquid calcium supplements with high bioavailability, indicative of great application value in functional food industry. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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油莎草根油对抑制TNF-α诱导的人真皮成纤维细胞炎症和衰老的研究 Study on the inhibition of TNF-α-induced inflammation and aging in human skin fibroblast cells by Cyperus esculentus root oil 张婉萍,王嘉怡,贾东晗,莫美玲,梁莹,彭常梅,王玥 2026 (3):  302-313.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.004 摘要 ( 83 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(3196KB) ( 64 )   本研究首先通过人真皮成纤维细胞（Human Skin fibroblasts，HSF）构建了炎症模型，分别考察了油莎草根油对细胞分泌的炎性因子、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（Collagen-Ⅰ）和透明质酸（HA）含量的影响。结果表明，油莎草根油在最大安全质量分数6%时，对肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α）诱导的HSF细胞分泌的促炎因子白介素-6、1β （IL-6，IL-1β）有显著抑制（P<0.000 1），抑制率分别为50.79%和20.26%，同时显著促进抗炎因子白介素-10 （IL-10）的分泌（P<0.01），提高率为94.42%。同时，此含量下的油莎草根油显著增加了HSF细胞Col-Ⅰ和透明质酸分泌，分别为26.15%和30.2% （P<0.000 1），具有抗衰和保湿的功效。此外，通过荧光实时定量PCR检测，油莎草根油显著抑制TNF-α诱导HSF细胞的IL-6、IL-1β和MMP-1, 3, 9的mRNA表达，并促进IL-10和HAS-2的mRNA表达，起到抗炎和抗衰老的作用。最后，通过油莎草根油临床评估，进一步评价了其抗炎、抗衰和保湿的功效。综上，油莎草根油作为一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的天然原料，其抗炎、抗衰和保湿的个人护理功效有望在化妆品中得到进一步开发和利用。 Cyperus esculentus root oil （CEL） is a plant of significant economic value, rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. In this study, human dermal fibroblasts （HSF） were used to create an inflammatory model, and the impact of cold-pressed oil from CEL on the secretion of inflammatory factors was assessed. The results showed that CEL significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1β that were secreted by HSF cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） （P<0.000 1）, with inhibition rates of 50.79% and 20.26%, respectively. Furthermore, CEL markedly enhanced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 （P<0.01）, with an improvement rate of 94.42%. The study further explored the impact of CEL on collagen type I （Col-I） and hyaluronic acid （HA） secretion in the cells. The results demonstrated that CEL effectively increased Col-I secretion by 26.15% （P<0.000 1） and HA by 30.2% （P<0.000 1） when it was administered at a maximum safe mass fraction of 6%, which consequently showed its potential anti-aging and moisturizing properties. Additionally, fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） experiments confirmed that CEL significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinases （MMP-1, 3, 9） in HSF cells, while promoted the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and hyaluronic acid synthase. This modulation suggested that CEL exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. Finally, the oil’s anti-inflammatory, anti-senility, and moisturizing effects were validated through the clinical evaluations. In summary, CEL, as a natural raw material abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, shows promising potential for further development and usage in cosmetics due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and moisturizing properties in personal care. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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特低渗油藏CO2泡沫封窜体系实验及封窜性能研究 Experimental study on the performance of CO2 foam channeling plugging system in ultra-low permeability reservoir 刘丽,刘永春 2026 (3):  314-322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.005 摘要 ( 71 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(5607KB) ( 72 )   针对油藏封窜及提高采收率需求，系统评价了4种表面活性剂（SDS、SDBS、Span20、OP-10）在柴油中形成的油基泡沫封窜体系的性能，并探究其驱油机理。通过高速搅拌法配制泡沫，结合CO2保护氛围下的恒温实验，分析了起泡体积、半衰期及泡沫综合值。研究结果表明：SDBS在质量分数0.3%下表现最优，起泡体积达215 mL，半衰期为215.4 s，泡沫综合值显著高于其他体系。SEM显示SDBS泡沫形成层状液晶结构，液膜厚度1.5~2.0 μm，具有多级有序网络。CO2油基泡沫通过Jamin效应选择性封堵高渗通道，动态调整驱替剖面，结合挤压-拖拽-乳化协同作用，显著提高洗油效率。细管实验确定CO2最小混相压力为23.6 MPa，封堵能力测试显示SDBS泡沫体系气相封堵率达95.7%，注气压差增长23.4倍。岩心驱替实验中，低渗岩心（50×10-3 μm2）总采收率提升至28.1%，高渗岩心（10×10-3 μm2）在含水率98.3%条件下仍实现61.4%的总采收率，本研究为油藏高效封窜及泡沫驱油技术提供了理论依据和数据支撑。 To meet the requirements of channeling plugging and enhanced oil recovery, the performance of oil-based foam channeling plugging systems formed by adding different surfactants （SDS, SDBS, Span20, and OP-10） in diesel was systematically evaluated, and their oil displacement mechanisms were discussed. The foam was prepared by high-speed stirring method. Combined with the constant temperature experiment under CO2 protective atmosphere, the foam volume, half-life and foam composite index were analyzed. The research results showed that SDBS performed best at the mass fraction of 0.3%, at which its foam volume in diesel was 215 mL, half-life was 215.4 s, and foam composite index was significantly higher than that of other surfactants. SEM showed that there was lamellar liquid crystal structure in SDBS foam, and the film thickness of foam was 1.5-2.0 μm. Oil-based CO2 foam could achieve profile control by selectively blocking the high-permeability channels through the Jamin effect. The profile control, together with the synergistic effect of extruding-drag-emulsification, significantly improved the oil washing efficiency. The slim tube experiment determined that the minimum miscibility pressure of CO2 was 23.6 MPa. The plugging performance test showed that the gas-phase plugging rate of the SDBS foam system reached 95.7%, and the injection pressure difference was increased by 23.4 times. In the core displacement experiment, the total recovery rate for the low-permeability core （50×10-3 μm2） was increased to 28.1%, and for the high-permeability core （10×10-3 μm2） a total recovery rate of 61.4% was achieved even under the condition of a water cut of 98.3%. This study might provide theoretical basis and data support for efficient channeling plugging in oil reservoirs and for foam flooding technology. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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四甲氧甲基甘脲合成工艺及宏观动力学的研究 Study on the synthesis process and macro-kinetics of tetramethoxymethylglycoluril 王为尚,崔文华,王潇潇,薛永兵,刘振民 2026 (3):  323-332.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.006 摘要 ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(3228KB) ( 43 )   研究在500 mL间歇反应釜内甘脲及四甲氧甲基甘脲（TMMG）的合成反应。采用正交试验设计法优化合成工艺，结果表明，甘脲较优合成条件为：尿素与乙二醛摩尔比2.5∶1、pH=1.2、反应温度60 ℃、保温时间3 h，产率为91.79%，经液相色谱检测其纯度达到99%；TMMG较优合成工艺为：THMG与甲醇摩尔比1∶12、反应温度50 ℃、反应时间2 h，产率为86.54%，经液相色谱检测其纯度达到99.92%。通过宏观动力学分析，甘脲合成反应中尿素的反应级数为0.425，乙二醛的反应级数为1.637，该反应的总级数为2.06，活化能为87.446 kJ/mol。TMMG合成时一般甲醇过量，该反应表现为准一级反应，反应的活化能为87.345 kJ/mol。产物结构及纯度经¹H NMR、FT-IR、熔点仪及HPLC验证符合工业标准。本研究为产物在日化用品及光刻胶领域的应用提供理论依据。 The syntheses of glycoluril and tetramethoxymethylglycoluril （TMMG） in a 500 mL batch reactor were investigated. Orthogonal experimental design method was used for process optimization. The results showed that the optimized conditions for synthesis of glycoluril were as follows: Under the conditions of the molar ratio of urea-to-glyoxal of 2.5∶1, pH of 1.2, reaction temperature of 60 ℃, and holding time of 3 h, the yield was 91.79% and the purity of product was 99% as confirmed by HPLC. For synthesis of TMMG, the optimized parameters were as follows: The molar ratio of methanol-to-precursor was 12∶1, the reaction temperature was 50 ℃, and the reaction time was 2 h, producing a yield of 86.54% and the purity of 99.92% as confirmed by HPLC. Macrokinetic analysis demonstrated that the reaction orders were 0.425 for urea and 1.637 for glyoxal in synthesis of glycoluril, indicative of an overall reaction order of 2.06 and activation energy of 87.446 kJ/mol. The synthesis of TMMG followed pseudo-first-order kinetics under methanol-excess conditions with an activation energy of 87.345 kJ/mol. The products were characterized by using 1H NMR, FT-IR, melting point analysis and HPLC, which confirmed that the products met industrial specifications. This study could provide theoretical support for applications in daily chemicals and photoresist materials. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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天然植物染料在毛织物表面的染色及其性能 Dyeing and properties of natural plant dyes on the surface of woolen fabrics 锁冬冬,尚宜佳 2026 (3):  333-338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.007 摘要 ( 58 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(4041KB) ( 58 )   对天然植物染料在毛织物表面的染色及其性能进行了研究。分别测定毛织物的吸光度、固色率、断裂能力与上染速率，分析毛织物上染性能；制备染料并调整色调，完善染色流程，实现对天然植物染料染色工艺的研究。研究结果表明，应用天然植物染料染色毛织物，可在较短时间内使织物达到相同的色度水平，单次缺失的像素不超过1 px，染色后织物的光谱特性不会发生明显改变，经过长时间的浸泡处理后，织物纤维的断裂能力不会发生明显改变，色度水平也保持不变，表明天然植物染料的染色性能较为稳定，上染速率相对较快，最长时间不超过0.4 h。 People put forward higher requirements for the color diversity and environmental protection performance of wool fabrics. Although chemical dyes are rich in color and mature the in dyeing process, they are often accompanied by environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Therefore, this paper presents the dyeing of natural plant dyes on the surface of wool fabrics and its performance research. The absorbency, fixation rate, breaking capacity and dyeing rate of wool fabric were measured, and the dyeing performance of wool fabric was analyzed. The dyeing process of natural plant dyes was studied by preparing dyes, adjusting the color tone and perfecting the dyeing process. The results show that dyeing wool fabric with natural plant dyes can make the fabric reach the same chromaticity level in a short time, and the color difference are not more than 1 px at a time. The spectral characteristics of the dyed fabric do not change obviously. After long-term soaking treatment, the breaking capacity of the fabric fiber does not change obviously, and the chromaticity level remains unchanged. It indicates that the dyeing performance of natural plant dyes is relatively stable, and the dyeing rate is relatively fast, with the longest time not exceeding 0.4 h. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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环境温湿度对化妆品感官评价与保湿功效的影响研究 Research on the impact of environmental temperature and humidity on sensory evaluation and moisturizing efficacy of cosmetics 曾丛瑞,刘琦,常思思,赵华 2026 (3):  339-346.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.008 摘要 ( 74 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1974KB) ( 62 )   化妆品在使用过程中的感官体验和功效表现易受环境温湿度的影响。本研究以膏霜保湿类化妆品为研究对象，系统考察了在-5 ℃相对湿度40%和35 ℃相对湿度80%的环境条件下其感官特性及保湿功效的变化。分析了不同环境对化妆品感官指标的影响，结果表明，温湿度变化显著改变了产品的光亮度、坚实度等感官特性。在-5 ℃相对湿度40%条件下，产品表现出更高的坚实度和峰高，但铺展性和吸收性降低；而在35 ℃相对湿度80%条件下，产品质地变软，铺展性增强，但厚重感上升。进一步探究了温湿度对膏霜类化妆品保湿功效的影响，通过皮肤水分含量、经皮水分流失量发现，该产品在-5 ℃相对湿度40%条件下有显著的保湿效果（p<0.05），而在35 ℃相对湿度80%条件下无显著保湿功效（p>0.05）。本研究为膏霜类化妆品开发阶段的配方设计与筛选提供科学参考，建议消费者根据环境差异调整产品选择或储存条件。目前，部分化妆品感官和功效与温湿度参数的相关性研究还不够完善。未来研究应聚焦于不同消费者在不同气候环境下使用化妆品后的感官和功效差异。 The sensory experience and efficacy of cosmetics during use are prone to the influence of ambient temperature and humidity. This study focuses on emollient creams and lotions, examining changes in their sensory attributes and moisturizing efficacy under conditions of -5 ℃ with 40% relative humidity and 35 ℃ with 80% relative humidity. It delves into how different environments impact cosmetic sensory indicators. Results indicate that temperature and humidity variations significantly alter sensory properties such as gloss and firmness. In low temperature and low humidity settings, products exhibit greater firmness and peak height but show reduced spreadability and absorption. Conversely, in high temperature and high humidity conditions, products become softer in texture, with enhanced spreadability but increased heaviness. The study further probes into the impact of temperature and humidity on the moisturizing efficacy of creams and lotions. Through measurements of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss, it is found that the product demonstrates significant moisturizing effects in environments at -5 ℃ with 40% relative humidity （p<0.05）, but no notable moisturizing function in settings at 35 ℃ with 80% relative humidity （p>0.05）. These findings offer a scientific reference for formulation design and selection during the development phase of cream and lotion cosmetics, and it is recommended that consumers adjust their product choices or storage conditions according to environmental differences. Currently, research on the correlation between some cosmetic sensory and efficacy attributes and temperature and humidity parameters remains inadequate. Future studies should center on the disparities in sensory and efficacy experiences of cosmetics used by different consumers in diverse climatic conditions. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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鲟鱼子酱提取物中DHA快速测定及功效相关性研究 Rapid determination of DHA in sturgeon caviar extracts and its correlation with bioactive efficacy 谭小玲,康嘉欣 2026 (3):  347-353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.009 摘要 ( 48 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(2581KB) ( 60 )   建立一种直接测定鲟鱼子酱提取物中顺式-4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的反相高效液相色谱法。采用正己烷萃取结合梯度洗脱（ZORBAX SB-C18柱），二极管阵列检测器采集数据，外标法计算含量，通过与国标方法（GB 5009.168－2016）对比验证准确性，测定不同DHA含量组的DPPH自由基清除率和保湿率。结果表明，本方法线性良好（r=0.999 7），回收率为92.1%~101.1%，RSD为2.23%~3.92%，与国标法测试结果相对偏差为0.67%~1.68%。在特定的测试浓度下，DHA高含量组保湿率、吸湿率及DPPH清除率分别为100.48%，100.85%和57.46%，显著高于低含量组（10.33%，11.76%和3.71%）。该研究建立的RP-HPLC法简化了DHA检测流程，试剂简单，结果可靠，适用于鱼子酱提取物质量控制中指标性成分的快速定性鉴别及定量分析，通过DPPH实验揭示鲟鱼子酱提取物中DHA含量与抗氧化功效的关联性，为功效型化妆品开发提供科学依据。 A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） in sturgeon caviar extract. The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution （ZORBAX SB-C18 column）, with data collected using a diode array detector. The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard （GB 5009.168－2016）. The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups. The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity （r=0.999 7）, with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations （RSD） of 2.23% to 3.92%. Compared to the national standard method, the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%. At specific test concentrations, the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention （100.48%）, hygroscopicity （100.85%）, and DPPH scavenging efficiency （57.46%） than the low-DHA group （10.33%, 11.76%, and 3.71%）. The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results, making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control. The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts, providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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脂肪胺基磷腈多功能织物整理剂的合成与性能研究 Synthesis and performance of alkylamino phosphoronitriles as multifunctional fabric finishing agents 陈立文,王念念,秦勇 2026 (3):  354-359.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.010 摘要 ( 53 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(2534KB) ( 45 )   以长链的脂肪胺（十二胺和十八胺）和六氯环三磷腈为原料，以四氢呋喃为溶剂，50 ℃条件下经一步反应合成了六（十二胺基）环三磷腈盐酸盐（HDCCP）和六（十八胺基）环三磷腈盐酸盐（HOCCP）油溶性表面活性剂，产率分别为92.34%和86.13%，并利用红外光谱和核磁共振对产物进行了表征。垂直燃烧测试实验发现由HDCCP和HOCCP整理后的棉织物其残碳率分别达到了28.89%和22.46%，具有温和的阻燃性能。抑菌性能测试表明HDCCP对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌都具有良好的抑菌效果，具有广谱抑菌性。经HDCCP和HOCCP整理后的棉布柔软性能可以达到4~5级，与商用柔软剂的性能相当，结果表明长链脂肪胺基磷腈兼有阻燃、抑菌、柔软的功能。 Two novel oil-soluble surfactants, namely hexa （dodecylamino） cyclotriphosphonitrile hydrochloride （HDCCP） and hexa （octadecylamino） cyclotriphosphonitrile hydrochloride （HOCCP）, were successfully synthesized via an one-step reaction at 50 ℃ using tetrahydrofuran （THF） as the solvent. The synthesis involved the nucleophilic substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphonitrile with long-chain aliphatic amines （including dodecylamine and octadecylamine）, resulting in yields of 92.34% for HDCCP and 86.13% for HOCCP. The products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy （IR） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）. When they were applied as finishing agents for cotton cloth, the cotton cloths treated with HDCCP and HOCCP demonstrated residual carbon rates of 28.89% and 22.46% in vertical burning test, suggesting that these compounds could effectively enhance the flame resistance of the treated textile. Additionally, antibacterial performance tests indicated that HDCCP exhibited excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, making it a promising candidate for antibacterial agent for textile. Furthermore, the softness of fabrics treated with HDCCP and HOCCP reached a favorable level of 4-5 in the standard softness test, which was comparable to that achieved by a commercial fabric softener. Therefore, these compounds not only provided flame retardancy and antibacterial effects but also maintained fabric comfort. In conclusion, long-chain alkylamino phosphonitrile derivatives exhibited outstanding properties as multifunctional fabric finishing agents, combining flame retardancy, antimicrobial effects and softness enhancement in a single treatment. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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肝素钠祛痘舒缓功效研究 Study on the acne-relieving and calming effects of heparin sodium 王晓冉,张彦位,刘硕,许忠良 2026 (3):  360-367.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.011 摘要 ( 91 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(3649KB) ( 50 )   以肝素钠为研究对象，通过体外抑菌实验、LPS刺激巨噬细胞炎症实验和硫酸铜诱导斑马鱼中性粒细胞聚集实验，研究了其在祛痘和舒缓方面的功效。结果显示，在0.05~2 g/L质量浓度范围内，肝素钠不影响痤疮丙酸杆菌的增殖；但在0.05~1 g/L质量浓度范围内，可显著抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌生物膜的形成；肝素钠与季铵盐-73联合给药，低剂量季铵盐-73的抑菌活性得到显著增强；人体试验证实，肝素钠与季铵盐-73联用可显著降低痘痘体积和皮肤泛红。在0.05 g/L质量浓度下，肝素钠还可显著抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞NF-κB信号通路中IκBα下调和p-p65上调，降低炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的生成水平；同时，斑马鱼炎症模型证实，在1 g/L质量浓度下，肝素钠可显著降低硫酸铜诱导的斑马鱼胚胎中性粒细胞聚集水平，抑制率达20.00%，具有舒缓的功效。结果表明，肝素钠具有抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌生物膜生成和舒缓抗炎的功效。 With heparin sodium as the study subject, its efficacy in acne treatment and soothing effects was investigated through in vitro antibacterial tests, LPS-stimulated macrophage inflammation assays, and copper sulfate-induced zebrafish neutrophil aggregation tests. The results show that within the mass concentration range of 0.05-2 g/L, heparin sodium does not affect the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes. However, within the range of 0.05-1 g/L, it significantly inhibits the biofilm formation of C.acnes. When administered in combination with quaternary ammonium salt-73, heparin sodium markedly enhances the antibacterial activity of low-dose quaternary ammonium salt-73. Human tests has confirmed that the combination of heparin sodium and quaternary ammonium salt-73 significantly reduces acne volume and skin redness. At a mass concentration of 0.05 g/L, heparin sodium also significantly suppresses LPS-induced downregulation of IκBα and upregulation of p-p65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway of macrophages, reducing the production levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, the zebrafish validation model confirms that at 1 g/L, heparin sodium significantly decreases copper sulfate-induced neutrophil aggregation in zebrafish embryos, achieving an inhibition rate of 20.00%, demonstrating its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects. This study indicates that heparin sodium possesses the dual efficacy of inhibiting biofilm formation of C.acnes and exerting soothing effects. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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化妆品中全氟及多氟烷基化合物的检测分析现状及分子网络技术的应用研究进展 Current status of analytical detection of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in cosmetics and research progress on the application of molecular network 余婉萍,李莉,王海燕,孙建博 2026 (3):  368-375.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.012 摘要 ( 66 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1332KB) ( 52 )   全氟及多氟烷基化合物（PFASs）是一类人工合成的含氟有机化合物，因其独特的化学稳定性、疏水疏油性及表面活性，被广泛应用于化妆品中，常见于口红、睫毛膏、乳液、粉底液、防晒霜产品。然而，PFASs的环境持久性、生物累积性及潜在毒性引发了全球对其安全性的高度关注。因受传统检测模式的限制，分子网络技术凭借其独特优势，为化妆品中风险物质检测提供了创新解决方案。该技术的应用，实现了化妆品中全氟化合物等风险物质的高通量、高灵敏度检测。本文系统综述了PFASs在化妆品中的污染现状、检测技术挑战、分子网络的应用、健康风险及监管对策，以期为行业标准制定与风险管理提供科学依据和技术支撑。 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are a class of synthetic fluorinated organic compounds. Due to their unique chemical stability, hydrophobicity, lipophobicity, and surface activity, they are widely used in cosmetics, such as lipstick, mascara, lotion, foundation and sunscreen. However, the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity of PFASs have raised global concerns about their safety. Due to the limitations of traditional detection methods, molecular networking technology provides an innovative solution for the detection of hazardous substances in cosmetics due to its unique advantages. The application of this technology enables high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection of hazardous substances such as perfluorinated compounds in cosmetics. This article systematically reviews the pollution status of PFASs in cosmetics, the challenges of detection technology, the application of molecular networks, health risks, and regulatory countermeasures, in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for industry standard formulation and risk management. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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神经调节在敏感肌肤中的作用 The role of neuromodulation in sensitive skin 戚东萍,申凤同,张俊良,刘思聪,吴越 2026 (3):  376-385.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.013 摘要 ( 48 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(2635KB) ( 72 )   神经调节在皮肤健康和疾病中的作用正日益受到重视，其与皮肤敏感性、屏障功能、衰老和色素沉着等方面有着密切的关系。本文综述旨在探讨神经调节在敏感肌肤中的关键作用，从神经血管反应性、感官特征以及情绪护肤三个方面分析神经调节如何影响敏感肌肤，并对未来研究提出了建议。 The role of neuromodulation in skin health and disease is increasingly recognized, as it is closely related to skin sensitivity, barrier function, aging, and pigmentation. This review aims to explore the critical role of neuromodulation in sensitive skin, analyzing its impact from three perspectives: neurovascular reactivity, sensory characteristics, and emotional skincare. Additionally, it proposes recommendations for future research directions. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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顶空气相色谱法检测清洁剂中挥发性有机物的含量 Research on the detection of volatile organic solvents in detergents by headspace gas chromatography 刘韵,张军,王天壮,田鑫 2026 (3):  386-391.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.014 摘要 ( 67 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1455KB) ( 31 )   该研究旨在建立基于顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用技术（HS-GC-MS）的清洁剂中15种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的检测方法。通过系统优化顶空进样参数、色谱分离条件及质谱检测模式，开发出涵盖三氯甲烷、苯系物和卤代烃等多类型VOCs的快速检测方法。创新性地采用模拟基质加标法消除基质干扰，并构建双色谱柱（Rxi-5Sil MS与DB-624）交叉验证体系以增强定性可靠性。方法学验证显示：线性范围为1~500 μg/mL时，各化合物相关系数（R2）均大于0.999；方法检出限（LOD）介于0.02~0.14 μg/mL；加标回收率为82.8%~116.0%，精密度相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5%。实际样品检测发现，市售清洁剂中三氯甲烷和甲苯检出率最高，三氯甲烷最大含量达0.53 μg/mL。 This study aims to establish a detection method for 15 volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in cleaning agents based on headspace injection - gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （HS-GC-MS）. The multi-response surface method was adopted to simultaneously refine three key analytical dimensions: headspace equilibrium thermodynamics, chromatographic elution trajectory, and mass spectrometry acquisition parameters. Developed rapid detection methods covering multiple types of VOCs such as chloroform, benzene series and halogenated hydrocarbons. Innovatively, the simulated matrix labeling method was adopted to eliminate matrix interference, and a dual chromatographic columns （Rxi-5Sil MS and DB-624） cross-verification system was constructed to enhance qualitative reliability. Methodological validation shows that when the linear range is 1-500 μg/mL, the correlation coefficients （R2） of each compound are all better than 0.999. The method detection limit （LOD） ranges from 0.02 to 0.14 μg/mL. The recovery rates of spiked products are 82.8%-116.0%, and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） of intraday precision are all better than 5%. Actual sample testing reveals that the detection rates of trichloromethane and toluene are the highest among commercially available cleaning agents, with the maximum content of trichloromethane reaching 0.53 μg/mL. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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UPLC-MS/MS法测定中药牙膏中21种指标成分 Determination of 21 characteristic components in Chinese medicine formula toothpaste by UPLC-MS/MS 鲁辉,黄逸文,任丽,陆林玲,张斌 2026 (3):  392-399.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.015 摘要 ( 59 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1563KB) ( 44 )   基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）建立了可同时测定中药配方牙膏中来自14类中药提取物的21种指标性成分的方法。牙膏样品经80%甲醇超声提取后，以BEH C18为色谱柱，在0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈流动相体系下梯度洗脱分离，采用电喷雾正、负离子多反应监测同时对21种指标成分进行定性鉴别，并结合基质匹配外标法进行定量分析。结果表明，21种指标成分在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均>0.99；检出限为0.2~4.8 ng/mL，定量限为0.5~14.5 ng/mL；3个不同浓度水平的平均加标回收率为88.3%~121.0%，相对标准偏差为0.9%~12.6% （n=6）。该方法专属、灵敏，分析效率高，可用于中药配方牙膏中21种指标成分的同时测定，为中药配方牙膏中中药提取物的物质基础和功效性研究提供了技术参考，也为牙膏市场的规范和监管提供了技术支撑。 An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was established to simultaneously determine 21 characteristic components derived from 14 traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） in TCM formula toothpaste. The toothpaste samples were ultrasonically extracted with 80% methanol. Separation was achieved on a BEH C18 column （100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm）, employing a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The 21 characteristic components from TCM materials were simultaneously identified using multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） with electrospray ionization in both positive and negative modes. Quantification was carried out by the matrix-matching external standard method. The 21 characteristic components exhibit good linearity between peak areas and concentrations, with correlation coefficients all above 0.99. The limits of detection range from 0.2 ng/mL to 4.8 ng/mL. The limits of quantification range from 0.5 ng/mL to 14.5 ng/mL. The average recoveries at three different spiked levels are between 88.3% and 121.0%. The RSDs range from 0.9% to 12.6% （n=6）. The established method was applied to the detection of 38 real samples from commercially available TCM formula toothpaste. The developed method is specific, sensitive, accurate, and highly efficient. It is suitable for simultaneous determination of these 21 characteristic components in TCM formula toothpaste. This work provides a technical reference for investigating the material basis and efficacy of TCM extracts in TCM formula toothpaste, and it offers support for the standardization and regulation of the toothpaste market. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱法同时测定口腔护理牙膏中5种甜味剂含量 Simultaneous determination of 5 kinds of sweeteners in oral care toothpaste by HPLC 周艳芳,霍卫红,杨海新,陈雪菁 2026 (3):  400-406.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.03.016 摘要 ( 57 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(1517KB) ( 41 )   建立了高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时检测口腔护理牙膏中5种甜味剂（糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖、甜菊糖苷）。该方法使用水-甲醇（体积比80∶20）混合溶液作为提取溶剂。超声参数为：时间20 min，温度40 ℃，超声功率360 W。超声后用固相萃取净化。采用配备DAD-3000 RS二极管阵列检测器的Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000液相色谱系统进行检测。Capcell Pak MGⅡ C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm），柱温35 ℃。流动相为20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（pH 5.5）和甲醇。检测波长为214 nm。方法学评价结果表明，5种甜味剂的精密度RSD均优于5%；在0.1~500 mg/L质量浓度范围内5种甜味剂呈良好的线性关系，相关系数在0.999 4~0.999 8区间，检测限为0.05~0.20 mg/L；加标回收实验中5种甜味剂的加标平均回收率在97.08%~105.53%之间，批次内RSD值均优于5%。 In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was established for the simultaneous determination of 5 sweeteners （saccharin sodium, aspartame, acesulfame, sucralose, and stevia） in oral care toothpaste. The mixed solution of water-methanol （volume ratio of 80∶20） was used as the extraction solvent. Ultrasonic parameters were as follows: time 20 min, temperature 40 ℃, and ultrasonic power 360 W. After ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction was used. The test was performed using the Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000 liquid chromatography system with the DAD-3000 RS diode array detector. The chromatography was performed on Capcell Pak MG-Ⅱ C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） at 35 ℃. The mobile phase consisted of 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution （pH 5.5） and methanol. The detection wavelength was 214 nm. The results of the methodology evaluation show that the precision RSD of the five sweeteners are all less than 5%. In the mass concentration range of 0.1-500 mg/L, the five sweeteners show good linear relationships, the correlation coefficients are distributed in the range of 0.999 4-0.999 8, and the detection limits are 0.05-0.20 mg/L. The recovery rates of the five sweeteners range from 97.08% to 105.53%, and RSD values in batches are all lower than 5%. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标