日用化学工业（中英文）

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致密油藏表面活性剂渗吸影响因素研究
Research on the influence factors of surfactant imbibition in tight reservoirs

徐德荣,连威,熊金钊,康万利

2023 (8): 857-864. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.001

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致密油藏储层物性差，常规水驱难以对其进行有效开采，表面活性剂渗吸采油是致密油藏开采的主要手段。针对长庆致密露头岩心分别研究了岩石润湿性、表面活性剂类型、界面张力、原油黏度、温度及表面活性剂段塞组合对渗吸效率的影响。结果表明，岩石亲水性越强渗吸效率越高；阴离子表面活性渗吸效率最佳，非离子表面活性剂次之，阳离子表面活性剂最差；当渗吸液油水界面张力为10^-1mN/m时渗吸效率最佳；降低原油黏度及升高温度均有利于渗吸采油；表面活性剂渗吸越早进行效果越好，并且，在非超低界面张力渗吸液体系一次渗吸结束后采用超低界面张力渗吸液体系渗吸能进一步提高渗吸效率。

Tight reservoirs always show poor physical properties, resulting in difficulties to be effectively exploited by conventional water flooding. Imbibition with surfactant solutions is the main means for exploitation of tight reservoirs. In this work, the effects of rock wettability, surfactant types, interfacial tension （IFT） of imbibition solutions, oil viscosities, temperature and surfactant slug combinations on imbibition efficiencies were studied with Changqing tight outcrop cores by Amott cells. The results showed that, the higher the wettability of the rock was, the higher the imbibition recovery would be obtained. The imbibition recovery of different types of surfactants was decreased in the sequence: anionic surfactants>nonionic surfactants>cationic surfactants. When the oil-water IFT of imbibition liquid was at the level of 10^-1 mN/m, the imbibition efficiency was the highest. Reducing the viscosity of crude oil and increasing temperature were both beneficial to the imbibition recovery. The earlier the surfactant imbibition was carried out, the higher the imbibition efficiency was. In addition, the imbibition efficiency could be further improved by using ultra-low IFT imbibition solution after primary imbibition with non-ultra-low IFT imbibition solutions.

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静电作用构筑的新型表面活性剂及其性能
Preparation and properties of a novel surfactant constructed by electrostatic interactions

吴俊辉,潘婷,裴晓梅,崔正刚

2023 (8): 865-872. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.002

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以硬脂酸为原料，合成了长碳链的N-（2-（二甲基氨基）乙基）硬脂酰胺（C18N2N）。将C18N2N与天然有机酸肉桂酸（TA）按一定比例复配，即可得到一种新型表面活性剂。该表面活性剂通过非共价键的静电相互作用而形成，省去了繁琐的合成步骤。通过表面张力仪和流变仪测试了该表面活性剂的表面活性和流变性能，结果表明该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度和γ_cmc分别为0.11 mmol/L和32.4 mN/m，表现出很强的聚集和吸附能力。在浓度为25 mmol/L时，该表面活性剂即可形成蠕虫状胶束，形成的黏弹溶液具有较好的耐温耐剪切性能。还考查了该新型表面活性剂作为压裂液的应用性质，发现该新型表面活性剂还具有优良的携砂性能，沉降速率仅为0.26 cm/min。该表面活性剂制备简单，性能优良，拓展了新型表面活性剂的制备方法和应用范围。

Taking stearic acid as the raw material, N-（2-（dimethylamino） ethyl） stearamide （C18N2N） was synthesized. A new surfactant was prepared by mixing C18N2N and cinnamic acid （TA） with fixed ratio. This surfactant was formed by non-covalent electrostatic interactions, which avoided complicated synthetic procedures. The surface activity and rheological properties of the surfactant were investigated with a surface tensiometer and a rheometer. The critical micelle concentration （cmc） and the surface tension at cmc （γ_cmc） of the surfactant were 0.11 mmol/L and 32.4 mN/m, indicative of strong aggregation and adsorption ability. The maximum amount adsorbed （Γ_max） and the minimum molecular area occupied （A_min） were 2.77 μmol/m² and 0.6 nm². Wormlike micelles were formed at the concentration of 25 mmol/L. When the concentration was over 100 mmol/L, the zero-shear viscosity （η₀） abruptly increased and then reached the maximum value for the surfactant of C18N2N /TA containing 150 mmol/L TA. The solution viscosity was as high as 1 761.38 Pa·s. The effects of temperature on the rheological behavior were also considered. With the increase of temperature, the viscosity gradually increased. And when the temperature reached 40 ℃, η₀ of the solution with the concentration of 100 mmol/L achieved the maximum value of 1 370.386 Pa·s. When the temperature continued to rise, η₀ began to decrease with further increasing temperature. A remarkable viscosity of 305.55 Pa·s was still remained at 50 ℃. The viscoelastic solutions showed good temperature resistance and shear resistance. The surfactant solutions applied as the fracturing fluid were also investigated. This surfactant also showed excellent sand-carrying performance, and the settling rate of the sand was merely 0.26 cm/min. This surfactant could be simply prepared and showed excellent performance, which expanded the preparation and application field of novel surfactants.

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头发与头皮护理的科学基础（Ⅷ）——防脱生发体外评价方法以及植物防脱原料研究进展
Scientific foundations of hair and scalp care （Ⅷ）Method for in vitro evaluation of hair growth prevention and research progress of plant anti-stripping raw materials

陈仙祺,马玲,陈殿松,常宽,王靖

2023 (8): 873-881. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.003

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随着科技发展和人们生活水平的改善，大众的审美亦逐渐提高，人们对于外貌尤其是头发方面愈加关注，防脱、生发也成为了大家关注的焦点。脱发，是指头发脱落的一种生理现象，分为生理性脱发和病理性脱发。毛囊（HF）在毛发形态的形成和生长中起着重要作用，不同的细胞信号通路和生长因子参与调控毛囊生长周期。本文基于人真皮乳头细胞（HDPCs）模型，综述了几种体外应激诱导模型，通过模型中标记物的变化，以此来考察和筛选防脱原料的功效。此外，还列举了几种常见的植物防脱原料，并概括其在毛囊中的作用机理，希望为今后防脱生发理论的研究和植物防脱原料开发提供参考。

With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people’s living standards, the public’s aesthetic has gradually improved. People are more and more concerned about the appearance, especially the hair, and the prevention and hair growth have become the focus of everyone’s attention. Alopecia refers to a kind of physiological phenomenon that hair falls off, which is divided into physiological alopecia and pathological alopecia. Hair follicle （HF） plays an important role in the formation and growth of hair morphology, and different cell signaling pathways and growth factors are involved in the regulation of hair follicle growth cycle. Based on the human dermal papilla cell （HDPCs） model, several stress-inducing models in vitro were reviewed in this paper. Through the changes of markers in the models, the efficacy of anti-detachment materials was investigated and screened. In addition, several common plant anti-hair loss materials were listed, and their mechanism of action in hair follicles was summarized, hoping to provide reference for future research on anti-hair loss theory and raw material development.

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聚乙二醇和二乙二醇对溶剂热法合成Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的尺寸及形貌调控
The size and morphology control of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method using polyethylene glycol and diethylene glycol

王朱良,关舒萍,张敏,杨杰,李永继

2023 (8): 882-890. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.004

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采用溶剂热法，通过改变反应体系中聚乙二醇（PEG）用量、PEG分子量、二乙二醇（DEG）体积分数，实现了对Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌调控。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和VSM对制备的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明：核桃状的Fe₃O₄纳米微球由细小的纳米晶粒组成，随着PEG-4000用量的增加，从0.1 g至1.5 g，有利于生成小的Fe₃O₄纳米晶粒。适当增加PEG链的长度，当分子量从200增加到4 000，有利于促进Fe₃O₄纳米晶粒的生长；但进一步增加PEG链的长度，PEG分子量为20 000时，Fe₃O₄纳米晶粒变小。改变溶剂中DEG的体积分数，Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的形貌实现了从表面粗糙的核桃状大微球到表面光滑的小微球，再到规则的长方体晶粒的转变。基于PEG、DEG的吸附、桥连和空间位阻等作用，提出了利用PEG、DEG调控Fe₃O₄纳米尺寸和形貌结构的可能机理。所制备的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子饱和磁化强度约为80 emu/g，表现为超顺磁性。

A simple solvothermal method was used to control the size and morphology of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by changing the dosage of polyethylene glycol （PEG）, the molecular weight of PEG, and the volume fraction of diethylene glycol （DEG） in the reaction system. The prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and VSM. The results show that the walnut shaped Fe₃O₄ nanospheres are composed of small grains, as the dosage of PEG-4000 increasing from 0.1 g to 1.5 g, the size of the Fe₃O₄ grain tends to decrease. Appropriately increasing the chain length of PEG, with the molecular weight ranging from 200 to 4 000, is beneficial for promoting the growth of Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals. However, further increasing the length of the chain, at a molecular weight of 20 000, results in smaller Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals and microspheres. Changing the volume fraction of DEG can achieve the shapes transformation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, from rough walnut like large microspheres to smooth small microspheres, and then to regular rectangular crystals. Based on the adsorption, grafting, and steric hindrance effects of PEG and DEG, possible mechanisms for the formation of different morphology and size of nanostructures have been proposed, providing a useful reference for the controllable preparation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization of the prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is about 80 emu/g, showing superparamagnetism.

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柞蚕丝素肽的抗氧化及美白功效评价
Evaluation of anti-oxidation and whitening efficacy of silk fibroin peptides from tussah Antherae pernyi

李学军,米锐,王林美,李亚洁,陈雪,都兴范

2023 (8): 891-898. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.005

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开展柞蚕丝素肽的抗氧化及美白功效研究。结果显示，1号（分子量2 000-5 000 Da）和2号（分子量<2 000 Da）样品对DPPH自由基清除率的IC₅₀分别是1.41和3.84 mg/mL，对羟基自由基清除率的IC₅₀分别是0.085和0.091 mg/mL，总还原力水平随着样品添加剂量的增加而升高。柞蚕丝素肽的添加对紫外氧化损伤的小鼠成纤维细胞具有保护作用，能够提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，降低丙二醛（MDA）含量。在美白功效评价方面，1号和2号样品对酪氨酸酶抑制率的IC₅₀分别为3.65和5.84 mg/mL，并能够降低小鼠黑素瘤细胞内黑色素合成和酪氨酸酶活性。总之，柞蚕丝素肽具有抗氧化和美白活性，且分子量较大的1号样品优于2号样品。

Study on antioxidant and whitening efficacy of tussah fibroin peptides was conducted. The results show that the IC₅₀ of DPPH free radical scavenging rate of NO.1 （molecular weight 2 000-5 000 Da） and NO.2 （molecular weight<2 000 Da） samples are 1.41 and 3.84 mg/mL, respectively, and the IC₅₀ of hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate are 0.085 and 0.091 mg/mL, respectively. The total reducing power level increases with the sample dosage. The addition of tussah fibroin peptides have a protective effect on the UV-damaged mouse fibroblasts through increasing the activity of SOD and the content of GSH, and decreasing the content of MDA. In the evaluation of whitening efficacy, the IC₅₀ of No.1 and No.2 samples of tyrosinase inhibition effect rate are 3.65 and 5.84 mg/mL, respectively, which can inhibit melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in mouse melanoma cells. In conclusion, tussah silk fibroin peptides have antioxidant and whitening activity, and the NO.1 sample with larger molecular weight is better than the NO.2 sample with smaller molecular weight.

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多头季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能评价
Study on preparation and performance of multi-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant

崔丛丛,张红丽,玄光善

2023 (8): 899-907. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.006

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以不同碳链长度的卤代烷、氯化苄、1，4-对二氯苄为原料合成了双头季铵盐表面活性剂（BTAE-n）和四头季铵盐表面活性剂（PTAE-n）。用HPLC，FT-IR，¹H NMR和LC-MS对合成的表面活性剂进行结构表征，并对表面活性剂的Krafft点、乳化性能、润湿性能、起泡性能四个方面进行表面性能的评价。结果表明BTAE-n和PTAE-n表面活性剂的Krafft点均小于0 ℃，表现出较好的水溶性和低温溶解性。与苯扎氯铵相比，BTAE-n与PTAE-n的表面活性剂有更好的泡沫稳定性，并且随着烷基长链的碳个数的增加起泡性能下降，而乳化性能增加。接触角的测定结果表明润湿性能BTAE-n优于PTAE-n。根据抑菌、杀菌性能评价结果可知，BTAE-n和PTAE-n对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）以及真菌（白色念珠菌）表现出有效的抑菌、杀菌活性，并且相同碳链的四头季铵盐优于双头季铵盐的效果，在相同的类型中随着碳链长度的增加，抑菌、杀菌效果更好。

Bi-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant （BTAE-n） and tetra-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant （PTAE-n） were synthesized from alkyl halides with different carbon chain length, benzyl chloride and α, α’-dichloro-p-xylene. The structure of products was characterized by HPLC, FT-IR, ¹H NMR and LC-MS, and the Krafft temperature, emulsifying properties, wetting properties and foam properties of the surfactants were evaluated. The results show that the Krafft temperatures of BTAE-n and PTAE-n are both lower than 0 ℃, indicative of good water solubility and low-temperature solubility. Compared with benzalkonium chloride, BTAE-n and PTAE-n have better foam stability. Their foaming performance decreases with the increase of carbon number of alkyl chain, while the emulsification performance increases. The results of contact angle measurement show that the wetting ability of BTAE-n is better than that of PTAE-n. According to the evaluation results of bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, BTAE-n and PTAE-n show effective bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against gram-positive bacteria （Staphylococcus aureus）, gram-negative bacteria （Escherichia coli） and fungi （Candida albicans）, and the effectiveness of tetra-headgroup quaternary ammonium salts is better than that of bi-headgroup quaternary ammonium salts with the same carbon chain. For the surfactants of the same type, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects are better with the increase of carbon chain length.

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纳米氧化锌的合成及紫外吸收能力研究
Synthesis and UV absorption capacity of nano-zinc oxides

谭文波,蒙衍强

2023 (8): 908-914. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.007

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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法（PGM）、伽马射线辐照辅助聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法（GRIAPGM）和碳颗粒辅助聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法（CPAPGM）三种不同的方法成功地合成了不同光响应能力的ZnO纳米颗粒。通过PGM和GRIAPGM合成的ZnO纳米颗粒为纯的六方结构的ZnO，空间群为P63mc（186）；而通过CPAPGM合成的ZnO纳米颗粒除包含六方结构的ZnO外，还含有少量的碳的衍射峰。经谢乐公式计算，采用PGM、GRIAPGM和CPAPGM合成的ZnO纳米颗粒的平均晶粒尺寸分别为23.86，22.73和26.47 nm，光学带隙（E_g）值分别为3.15，3.18和3.01 eV。ZnO纳米颗粒的E_g值随着晶粒尺寸的增加而减小。采用CPAPGM合成的ZnO纳米颗粒具有最宽的光响应能力，由于碳相关的杂质存在导致其可响应可见光。但采用GRIAPGM合成的ZnO纳米颗粒的颗粒细小呈球形，且颗粒尺寸均匀，具有最高的紫外光学吸收系数，可潜在应用于紫外屏蔽材料等领域。

In this paper, nano ZnO with different photoresponsive capacities were successfully synthesized by three different methods: polyacrylamide gel method （PGM）, gamma ray irradiation-assisted polyacrylamide gel method （GRIAPGM） and carbon particle assisted polyacrylamide gel method （CPAPGM）. The ZnO sunscreens synthesized by PGM and GRIAPGM are pure hexagonal ZnO with space group P63mc （186）. However, the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by CPAPGM contains not only hexagonal ZnO but also a small amount of carbon diffraction peak. The average grain size of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by PGM, GRIAPGM and CPAPGM are 23.86, 22.73 and 26.47 nm, respectively, and the optical band gap （E_g） values are 3.15, 3.18 and 3.01 eV, respectively. The E_g value of ZnO nanoparticles decreases with the increase of grain size. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by CPAPGM have the widest photoresponse, which can respond to visible light due to the presence of carbon-related impurities. However, the particles of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by GRIAPGM are small and spherical, and the particle size is uniform. It has the highest UV optical absorption coefficient, which can be potentially applied in the field of ultraviolet shielding materials.

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含蠕虫胶束的泡沫体系的性能研究进展
Research progress on the properties of foam systems containing wormlike micelles

牛奇奇,吕其超,董朝霞,张风帆,王洪勃

2023 (8): 915-924. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.008

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表面活性剂微观结构可以直接影响其宏观性能，如泡沫性能、乳化性能、润湿性能等。近年来蠕虫胶束因其优异的流变性质而在油田增产、个人护理、纳米材料等领域有广泛的应用，通过引入蠕虫胶束可以更好地调控泡沫性能。文章首先简述了表面活性剂的类型及其基本性质，着重论述了蠕虫胶束的构筑方式，并对蠕虫胶束稳定的泡沫及机理进行了总结，最后聚焦于增强型蠕虫胶束的研究进展，例如聚合物-蠕虫胶束复合体系、纳米颗粒-蠕虫胶束复合体系等，同时为纳米颗粒-蠕虫胶束协同稳定泡沫体系的发展提出了一些建议。

The solution structure of surfactants can directly affect their performance such as foaming, emulsification, and wetting. In recent years, wormlike micelles have been widely used in oilfield development, personal care products, nano materials and other fields due to their excellent rheological properties. The introduction of wormlike micelles can better control the foam performance. In this review, the types and basic properties of surfactants were described. The construction methods of wormlike micelles were discussed, and the stabilization mechanism for foams stabilized with wormlike micelles was summarized. Finally, the formation of enhanced wormlike micelles was focused on, such as the systems of polymer-wormlike micelles and nanoparticle-wormlike micelles. Some suggestions were put forward for the development of the foams that were synergistically stabilized with nanoparticles and wormlike micelles.

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水环境样品中表面活性剂检测方法研究进展
Research progress on detection methods of surfactants in water samples from environment

王佳锐,魏孝承,张春雪,陈昢圳,郑向群,王强

2023 (8): 925-934. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.009

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表面活性剂被广泛应用于洗涤剂、乳化剂等日用化学品，随生活污水排入水环境中，浓度过高将对生态环境造成风险，威胁人体健康。由于水环境中表面活性剂种类复杂、结构不一，且存在基质干扰，因此，需进行净化富集等前处理，并结合精准的仪器分析，才能实现有效识别和定量。文章综述了含有表面活性剂的水环境样品常用的萃取法、超滤法、泡沫分离法等前处理技术及两相滴定法、电化学分析法、色谱法、光谱法等检测分析方法。并通过梳理各方法的适用条件、范围及优缺点，提出前处理和检测方法的选择取决于表面活性剂的特性和浓度；指出在线萃取富集和自动化联用技术以及便携式现场快速实时检测技术是表面活性剂检测的未来研究重点。该文旨在为水环境中表面活性剂的监测和评估提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Surfactants have been widely used in detergents, emulsifiers and other daily chemicals, however, surfactants could cause risks to the ecological environment and human health when discharged with domestic sewage into the water environment if the surfactant concentration were too high. Therefore, it is important to monitor and quantify the surfactants in water environment. Due to the diversity in types and structures of surfactants present in the water environment, as well as the presence of matrix interference, pretreatment such as purification and enrichment is needed and should be combined with accurate instrumental analysis, thus to achieve effective identification and quantification. Herein, the commonly used pretreatment technology for water samples containing surfactants has been reviewed, including liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, solid phase micro extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, as well as the analysis methods including two-phase titration, electrochemical analysis, chromatography, spectroscopy, etc. By sorting out the applicable condition, range, and advantages and disadvantages of each method, it is suggested that the selection of pretreatment and detection method depends on the characteristics and concentration of surfactants. It is pointed out that, the technology of on-line extraction and enrichment, the automation and the portable on-site rapid real-time detection are the focuses of future research on surfactant detection. This paper could provide a reference basis for the monitoring and assessment of surfactants in water environment.

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日本防晒产品的管理制度及对我国的启示
Research on the management system of sunscreen products in Japan and the inspiration for China

何欢,孙磊,温雪华,姜亚雪,刘敏,冯克然

2023 (8): 935-944. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.010

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我国的化妆品类产品在日本按照化妆品和医药部外品进行分类管理。其中防晒产品是非常具有代表性的一类，既包括化妆品又包括医药部外品。通过对日本化妆品和医药部外品的法律法规及文献进行分析，研究和总结了产品分类、测试方法、原料管理、产品备案审批制度和标签管理等技术要求及监管要求；结合我国化妆品的监管实际情况，对两国的法规要求和管理现状进行了对比分析，为我国化妆品监管提供了参考，在我国化妆品行业蓬勃发展、监管法规逐步完善的现状下，进一步促进行业的高质量发展。

The cosmetics products in China are classified and managed according to the category of cosmetics and quasi-drugs in Japan, of which sunscreen products are a very representative category. By analyzing the laws, regulations and literature of cosmetics and quasi-drugs in Japan, the technical requirements and regulatory requirements of product classification, testing methods, raw material management, product filing and approval system and labeling management were studied and summarized. Combined with the actual situation of cosmetic regulation in China, the regulatory requirements and management status of the two countries are compared and analyzed. In the current situation where the cosmetics industry is booming and the regulatory regulations are gradually improving, this study provides a reference for the regulation of cosmetics in China in order to promote the high-quality development of the cosmetics industry.

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水溶液中三氯生的吸附研究进展
Progress in the adsorption of triclosan in aqueous solution

安瑞,赵庆

2023 (8): 945-953. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.011

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三氯生（TCS）作为一种抗菌剂，在药品与个人护理产品中有着广泛的应用，已成为水环境中一种普遍存在的污染物。因其具有生物积累性、内分泌干扰效应、生殖毒性等危害，且已被证实可为某些毒性更大物质的前体，故水体中TCS的无害化处理引起了广泛关注，吸附处理法去除水中的TCS具有简单、绿色、高效等优势。文章总结了不同类型吸附剂对TCS的吸附效果，分析了水体的部分参数对吸附过程可能的影响，并对吸附过程的动力学及热力学方面进行了讨论，最后对TCS吸附处理的研究方向做出了展望。总体而言，绿色、低成本、可再生吸附剂的开发应用是研究重要方向，吸附剂的改性与复合是提高吸附效果的有效方式，为了更好地应用于实际环境中TCS的处理，TCS的吸附机理及环境因素的影响机制尚需进一步研究。

As an antibacterial agent, triclosan （TCS） has been widely used in medicine and personal care products, and has become a ubiquitous pollutant in the water environment. Because it has biological accumulation, endocrine interference effect, reproductive toxicity and other hazards, and has been proved to be the precursor of some more toxic substances, the harmless treatment of TCS in water has attracted wide attention. The adsorption treatment method has the advantages of simplicity, green and high efficiency. The adsorption effects of different types of adsorbents on TCS were summarized, the possible effects of some parameters of water on the adsorption process were analyzed, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption process were discussed. Finally, the research direction of TCS adsorption treatment was prospected. In general, the development and application of green, low-cost and renewable adsorbents is an important research direction. The modification and compounding of adsorbents are effective ways to improve the adsorption effect. In order to better apply to the treatment of TCS in the actual environment, the adsorption mechanism of TCS and the influence mechanism of environmental factors need to be further studied.

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体验经济视角下化妆品包装设计策略研究
Research on cosmetic packaging design strategy from the perspective of experience economy

戴超男,庄德红,万青

2023 (8): 954-962. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.012

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基于体验经济的时代背景，以消费模式的升级与消费需求的转变为导向，探索体验需求影响下化妆品包装的发展方向。分析体验经济辐射下消费需求的迁移以及化妆品包装的优劣现状，协同用户体验层次与体验的不同维度建立体验与体验需求的映射关系，从而构建化妆品包装体验模式。通过不同体验需求的导出，探讨化妆品包装的需求属性。依据体验层次与消费者需求，构建了化妆品包装体验模式，从多感官、互动性、功能性、用户共创、内涵因素5个方面相互关联。最终提出设计策略，为化妆品包装设计的发展提供方向。

Based on the background of experience economy, guided by the upgrading of consumption mode and the transformation of consumer demand, this paper explores the development direction of cosmetic packaging under the influence of experience demand. It analyzes the migration of consumer demand under the radiation of the experience economy and the advantages and disadvantages of cosmetic packaging, collaborates with different dimensions of user experience to establish a mapping relationship between experience and demand, and thus constructs a cosmetic packaging experience model. It also explores the demand attributes of cosmetic packaging through the export of different experiential needs. Based on the level of experience and consumer needs, a cosmetic packaging experience model is constructed, which is interrelated from five aspects: multi sensory, interactive, functional, user co creation, and intrinsic factors. Finally, a design strategy is proposed to provide direction for the development of cosmetic packaging design.

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牙膏中不同形态氟化物的固体NMR研究
Study of different forms of fluoride in toothpaste by solid state NMR

周雷,曹东霞,李家宏,苏哪锋,李文辉

2023 (8): 963-967. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.013

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采用¹⁹F固体核磁共振技术（¹⁹F SS-NMR）对38款含氟牙膏样品中不同形态氟化物进行了分析研究。牙膏样品经少量淀粉混合固化后直接装样采集，采用hahn-echo回波序列，魔角旋转转速12~14 kHz。结果显示，不同摩擦剂与氟化物匹配的稳定性有较大差异，其中摩擦剂水合硅石与氟化物的匹配一般较稳定，氟化物主要以可溶性/游离状态存在于牙膏体系中；部分碳酸钙基质牙膏中，除原料氟化物信号外，还观测到新生成的不可溶性固体氟化钙信号。除摩擦剂的影响外，在一些添加了羟基磷灰石等功效成分的牙膏中，也观测到不可溶性的氟化钙的生成，不可溶性氟化物的生成将降低牙膏中有效氟的含量。对牙膏这种半固体样品，¹⁹F SS-NMR具有前处理操作简便、专属性强、灵敏度高等特点，可对含氟牙膏中氟化物进行形态分析，为牙膏配方研发、质量提升提供技术支持。

Different forms of fluoride in 38 fluoride toothpaste samples were determined by ¹⁹F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance （¹⁹F SS-NMR）. The results show that the matching stability of different friction agents and fluoride is quite different. The soluble and free types are the main forms of fluoride in hydrated silica toothpaste, but newly generated insoluble solid calcium fluoride signal is observed in some calcium carbonate-based toothpastes. In addition to the influence of friction agents, in some toothpastes with functional ingredients such as hydroxyapatite, the formation of insoluble calcium fluoride is also observed. The formation of insoluble fluoride will reduce the amount of available fluoride in toothpaste. ¹⁹F SS-NMR has the characteristics of simple pretreatment, strong specificity and high sensitivity. It can quickly analyze the morphology of fluoride in fluoride toothpaste, and provide technical support for toothpaste formulation development and quality improvement.

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高效液相色谱法同时测定丹芝防晒霜SFP50中11种成分含量
Simultaneous determination of 11 components in Danzhi Fangshaishuang SFP50 by HPLC

冯利,邹柏松

2023 (8): 968-975. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.014

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建立了高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时检测丹芝防晒霜SFP50中11种成分含量。以黄芩苷为含量参照物，乙腈-体积分数0.1%磷酸为流动相，检测波长为205和280 nmn，分别采用外标法和高效液相色谱一测多评法（HPLC-QAMS）同时测定12批丹芝防晒霜SFP50中羟基积雪草苷、积雪草苷、羟基积雪草酸、积雪草酸、虎杖苷、白藜芦醇、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、甘草苷、甘草酸、光甘草定的含量，对比两种方法的结果差异，验证HPLC-QAMS的适用性。结果表明，11种成分各线性范围良好，相关系数（R）均大于0.999，11种成分的平均加样回收率为96.90%~100.16%，RSD均小于2.0%。两种方法测得的丹芝防晒霜SFP50中11种成分的含量差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。以黄芩苷为含量参照物建立的相对校正因子重现性好。

A high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was established to simultaneously detect the contents of 11 components in Danzhi Fangshaishuang SFP50, and the feasibility and accuracy of the established method were verified. Baicalin was used as the reference substance and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid was used as the mobile phase, with the detecting wavelength of 205 nm and 280 nm. The contents of madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, asiatic acid, polydatin, resveratrol, baicalin, wogonoside, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin in 12 batches of Danzhi Fangshaishuang SFP50 were determined by external standard method and HPLC-quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker （QAMS） method, respectively, and the difference between the results from the two methods was compared to verify the serviceability of HPLC-QAMS method. The results show that the linear ranges of the 11 components are good, and the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.999. The average recoveries of 11 components are 96.90%-100.16%, and RSD is less than 2.0%. There is no statistical significance of 11 components in Danzhi Fangshaishuang SFP50 determined by external standard method and HPLC-QAMS method （P>0.05）. The relative correlation factors established with baicalin as the internal reference substance have good reproducibility.

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HPLC-ELSD法测定积雪草中积雪草苷及羟基积雪草苷的含量
Determination of asiaticoside and madecassoside in Centella asiatica （L.） Urban by HPLC-ELSD

王虹丹,胥维昌,王远,孔祥文,孙丽娟

2023 (8): 976-980. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.015

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积雪草提取物通常被用作化妆品原料，有美白、抗氧化等功效，发挥此功效的主要物质有积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷。采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测（HPLC-ELSD）技术，建立了测定积雪草中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷含量的方法。选用Unitary C₁₈色谱柱（4.6×250 mm，5 μm），以乙腈-水为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速1 mL/min，柱温为30 ℃，采用Agilent 1260 Infinity Ⅱ蒸发光散射检测器（漂移管温度70 ℃，载气流速1.6 L/min）。研究表明，积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷质量浓度分别在100~702 mg/L，105~738 mg/L范围内，峰面积与质量浓度线性关系良好，相关系数分别为0.999 6和0.999 7。积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷平均加样回收率分别为101.20%，98.30%。相对标准偏差（RSD）均在3%以内。方法简单，准确度高，分离效果好，干扰少，可用于积雪草中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷的含量测定。

Centella asiatica （L.） Urban extract is usually used as a cosmetic raw material, which has whitening, antioxidant and other effects. The main substances to play this effect are asiaticoside and madecassoside. In this paper, a high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection （HPLC-ELSD） technique was used to determine the content of asiaticoside and madecassoside in Centella asiatica （L.） Urban. Unitary C₁₈column （4.6×250 mm, 5 μm） with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase was used for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Column temperature was 30 ℃. Agilent 1260 Infinity Ⅱ detector （drift tube temperature was 70 ℃） was used for column elution with the carrier gas flow rate at 1.6 L/min. The results show that the concentrations of asiaticoside and madecassoside are 100-702 mg/L and 105-738 mg/L, respectively. The linear relationship between peak area and concentration is good, and the correlation coefficients are 0.999 6 and 0.999 7, respectively. The average recoveries of asiaticoside and madecassoside are 101.20% and 98.30%, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSD） are all within 3%. The method is simple, accurate, effective and less interference, and can be used for the determination of asiaticoside and madecassoside in Centella asiatica （L.） Urban.

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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中乳糖酸等8种有机酸
Determination of eight organic acids such as lactobionic acid in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

章欣,霍永丽

2023 (8): 981-988. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.08.016

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建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法测定化妆品中乳糖酸、L-乳酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸、DL-扁桃酸、阿魏酸、壬二酸和硫辛酸8种有机酸含量。以甲醇-水（体积比50∶50）为提取液，用UPLC-MS/MS进行分析，乙酸铵（pH值=2.6）-水-乙腈为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速为0.35 mL/min，柱温35 ℃，采用ACQUITY UPLC^® HSS T3柱（1.8 μm, 2.1 mm×100 mm）分离，负离子多反应监测（MRM）模式进行含量测定。乳糖酸、L-乳酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸、DL-扁桃酸、阿魏酸、壬二酸和硫辛酸分别在2.52~10.10，4.54~18.16，2.82~15.30，2.30~9.22，2.41~9.63，2.27~9.08，2.33~9.33，2.16~8.65 μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（R²≥0.99）；检出限达到0.003 μg/g。精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD均小于7.79%；高、中、低不同质量浓度的加标回收率在86.52%~119.98%之间，RSD在0.55%~4.74%之间。该方法准确度高、重复性好、速度快，适用于同时检测化妆品中乳糖酸等8种有机酸成分的含量。

The study aims to establish a method for the determination of eight organic acids in cosmetics, including lactobionic acid, L-lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, DL-mandelic acid, ferulic acid, azelaic acid and lipoic acid, by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. The chromatographic column was Waters ACQUITY UPLC^® HSS T3 column （1.8 μm, 2.1 mm×100 mm） with methanol-water （volume ratio 50∶50） as the extraction solution and ammonium acetate （pH=2.6） -water-acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The flow rate is 0.35 mL/min and the column temperature is 35 ℃. The electrospray ion （ESI） source, negative ions scanning method and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode are used to determine the content. There are good linear relationships （R²≥0.99） and the peak area of the eight organic acids are 2.52-10.10, 4.54-18.16, 2.82-15.30, 2.30-9.22, 2.41-9.63, 2.27-9.08, 2.33-9.33, and 2.16-8.65 μg/mL, respectively. Their minimum limits of quantitation （LOQ） are as low as 0.003 μg/g. The RSDs of precision, stability and repeatability tests are all less than 7.79%. The recoveries of high, medium and low concentrations range from 86.52% to 119.98%, with RSD ranging from 0.55% to 4.74%. The method has high accuracy, good repeatability and fast speed, and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of eight organic acids in cosmetics.

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