磁性荧光纳米粒子的制备及应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着科技的发展，性能单一的纳米粒子已经不能满足人类的需求，研发多功能纳米粒子对社会的发展有着重大意义。目前研发出的双功能磁性荧光纳米颗粒融合了磁性与荧光性能，能够在实现荧光标记的同时通过外加磁场进行操控，满足高灵敏度及多选择性的任务需求。因此，磁性荧光双功能纳米粒子在生物医学、环境保护、新能源等领域有着广阔的应用前景。文章介绍了封装法、偶联法、高温裂解法等制备方法，并讨论了它们的优点和局限性；此外，根据结构的不同，将磁性荧光纳米粒子分为三类；总结了磁性荧光纳米粒子在纳米药物载体、生物的检测与分离、生物成像、食品安全检测、指纹检测等方面的最新研究进展；最后对双功能磁性荧光纳米粒子的合成、应用等方面进行了展望。

关键词: 磁性荧光纳米粒子, 双功能, 分类, 制备方法, 应用

Abstract:

With the development of science and technology, nanoparticles with a single performance can no longer meet the needs of human beings. The research and development of multifunctional nanoparticles are of great significance to the development of society. Bifunctional magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles have been developed to combine magnetic and fluorescent properties and can be manipulated by an external magnetic field while realizing fluorescence labeling, which meets the needs of high sensitivity and multi-selectivity. Therefore, magnetic fluorescent bifunctional nanoparticles have broad application prospects in biomedicine, environmental protection, new energy, and other fields. In this paper, the encapsulation method, coupling method, pyrolysis method, and other preparation methods are introduced, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. In addition, magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles are classified into three types according to their structures. The latest research progress of magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles in nano-drug delivery, biological detection and separation, biological imaging, food safety detection, and fingerprint detection are summarized. Finally, the synthesis and application of bifunctional magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles are prospected.

Key words: magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles, difunctional, classification, preparation method, adhibition

中图分类号:

TB332

杨子涵, 刘鑫, 李欣儒, 李苗. 磁性荧光纳米粒子的制备及应用研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(3): 358-366.

Zihan Yang, Xin Liu, Xinru Li, Miao Li. Progress in the preparation and application of magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(3): 358-366.

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制备方法	优势	局限性
封装法	复合的粒子形成稳定的多层结构；容易对其进行表面功能化修饰；制备简单；合成粒子尺度小	难以控制原子或离子间的距离调控形貌；在层状结构中，量子点与磁性纳米粒子之间无法构成直接联系，很难对二者所占比例进行控制，不同批次的复合微球性能会有所差异
偶联法	容易控制复合粒子达到理想尺寸	利用官能团和静电作用合成的粒子结合力较弱、容易受到环境因素的影响
高温裂解法	可以对复合粒子的荧光性能进行有效控制；且所制备的粒子体积小，产量高	由于磁性纳米粒子与量子点之间是直接进行连接的，二者之间会相互影响，导致性能的降低