沥青基活性炭负载聚苯胺/氮化碳材料制备及光催化性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决偶氮染料刚果红（CR）的水污染问题，通过构建异质结和形貌调控的策略制备了沥青基活性炭负载聚苯胺/氮化碳（PANI/CN@AC）复合材料，并进行了形貌晶型和光电化学表征。评价了PANI/CN@AC复合材料光催化降解CR性能和循环使用性能，并基于光电化学表征以及活性基团猝灭和能带结构分析了电荷转移机制和光催化机理。结果表明，半导体材料CN和导电聚合物PANI紧密接触形成异质结，实现了光生载流子的高效分离，拓宽了可见光光谱吸收范围。AC作为载体负载有效提升了比表面积和吸附性能。PANI/CN@AC复合材料表现出优异的光催化性能和循环使用性能，模拟可见光（λ>420 nm）照射条件下CR的降解率达到了98.97%，5次循环使用后CR的降解率为98.71%。PANI的导带位置光电子将O₂还原为超氧自由基（·O₂^-），在·O₂^-和空穴等活性基团作用下CR被氧化分解。

关键词: 沥青基活性炭, 聚苯胺, 氮化碳, 光催化, 刚果红

Abstract:

To address the environmental pollution caused by the azo dye Congo red（CR）, a pitch-based activated carbon-supported polyaniline/carbon nitride（PANI/CN@AC）composite was prepared via heterojunction construction and morphological control strategies. Subsequently, detailed morphological, crystalline, and photoelectrochemical characterizations were performed. The photocatalytic degradation performance and recycling performance of the PANI/CN@AC composites were evaluated. Furthermore, their charge transfer mechanism and photocatalytic mechanisms were analyzed based on the photoelectrochemical data, active species trapping experiments, and energy band structures. The results show that the semiconductor material CN and the conductive polymer PANI are in close contact, forming a heterojunction, which facilitates efficient separation of photogenerated carriers and broadens the absorption range in the visible-light spectrum. The AC support effectively improves the specific surface area and adsorption performance. Consequently, the PANI/CN@AC composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic and recycling performance. The degradation efficiency of CR under simulated visible-light（λ>420 nm）irradiation reaches 98.97%, and remains at 98.71% after 5 cycles. Mechanistic insights reveal that the conduction band position photoelectron of PANI reduces O₂ to superoxide radicals（·O₂^-）, whereby CR is oxidized and decomposed under the action of active species such as ·O₂^- and holes.

Key words: pitch based activated carbon, polyaniline, carbon nitride, photocatalysis, congo red

中图分类号:

O643.3

刘琪, 魏晓刚, 李超鹏. 沥青基活性炭负载聚苯胺/氮化碳材料制备及光催化性能[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(7): 882-892.

Qi Liu, Xiaogang Wei, Chaopeng Li. Preparation and photocatalytic properties of pitch-based activated carbon supported polyaniline/carbon nitride materials[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(7): 882-892.

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材料	污染物	初始浓度	光源	降解率/%	来源
g-C₃N₄/ZnO	CR	50 mg/L	500 W Xe灯（λ>420 nm）	82.8	[28]
g-C₃N₄/TiO₂/AC	CR	10 mg/L	500 W Xe灯	60.0	[29]
O-Zn₃V₂O₈/BiVO₄	CR	100 mg/L	500 W Xe灯	95.03	[30]
BiOI/Bi₂O₂CO₃	CR	50 mg/L	500 W Xe灯（λ>420 nm）	78.7	[31]
CdS/g-C₃N₄	CR	20 mg/L	500 W Xe灯（λ>420 nm）	95.99	[4]
GO/BiOI	CR	8×10^-4 mol/L	LED灯	87.5	[32]
PANI/CN@AC	CR	100 mg/L	500 W Xe灯（λ>420 nm）	98.97	本研究