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日用化学工业(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 649-658.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.014

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

全氟和多氟烷基物质的检测方法综述

张颖,王华,左玥华,王晨光,翟自芹,柳明()   

  1. 天津海关工业产品安全技术中心,天津 300308
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-21 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-05-22 发布日期:2025-06-11
  • 基金资助:
    天津海关科技计划项目(2023THK002)

A review of determination methods for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Ying Zhang,Hua Wang,Yuehua Zuo,Chenguang Wang,Ziqin Zhai,Ming Liu()   

  1. Technical Center for Safety of Industrial Products of Tianjin Customs, Tianjin 300308, China
  • Received:2024-05-21 Revised:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-22 Published:2025-06-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: liumingb@163.com.

摘要:

全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一类具有持久性、高稳定性和生物积累性的物质,因其会给环境和人类健康带来危害而受到广泛关注。PFAS中的多种化合物在国内外都被列为持久性有机污染物,进入禁用或限用的重点管控清单。本文系统综述了国内外关于PFAS类物质的标准测定方法,总结了检测对象、定量方法、检出限或定量限,分析了标准测定方法的优势和不足。同时还阐述了PFAS类物质的半定量方法和快速检测方法,介绍了快速检测方法中所用的有机染料、纳米材料、分子印迹聚合物、生物等技术。最后提出根据实际使用场景和检测对象,选用半定量或快速检测方法作为初筛方法,标准测定方法作为确证,两者优势互补,以期为制定更加完善的PFAS类物质监控检测体系提供参考。

关键词: 持久性有机污染物, 全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS), 检测方法

Abstract:

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent, highly stable and bioaccumulative compounds, which are widely concerned because of their environmental and human health hazards. Many of the compounds in PFAS are classed as Persistent Organic Pollutant at home and abroad, which are on the list of banned or restricted substances. In this paper, the standard methods for determination of PFAS at home and abroad are reviewed. The detection objects, quantitative methods, detection limits or quantitative limits of these standard methods are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these standard methods are also pointed out. And then, the methods of semi-quantitative analysis and rapid determination of PFAS are introduced. Since PFAS are not optically or electro chemically active, they cannot be directly measured by conventional spectroscopic or electrochemical methods. So the techniques of organic dyes, nano-materials, molecularly imprinted polymers and biology, which are used to improve the optical or electro chemical activity of the PFAS are also described. At last, it is suggested that according to the actual situation and test objects, the semi-quantitative or rapid determination method can be chosen as the primary screening method, and the standard determination method can be used as the confirmation. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the establishment of a more perfect monitoring and determination system for PFAS.

Key words: persistent organic pollutants, per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), determination methods

中图分类号: 

  • TQ423