非水相溶致液晶形成的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着溶致液晶在生物仿生、功能材料、化学工业、医药学、石油工业、日用化妆品等领域的应用,人们对构建非水相溶致液晶的研究也日益深入。通过介绍表面活性剂聚集体溶致液晶形成的基础理论,综述了表面活性剂在直链醇（甘油、乙二醇等）、有机胺化合物（甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺等）、离子液体等非水溶剂中溶致液晶的形成、表征手段和应用,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 非水溶剂, 表面活性剂, 溶致液晶

Abstract:

With wide applications of lyotropic liquid crystals in the fields of bionics, functional materials, chemical industry, medicine, petroleum industry, daily cosmetics, etc., the research of constructing non-aqueous phase liquid crystals attracts more attention recently. Based on the basic theory of the formation of the lyotropic liquid crystals of surfactant aggregates, the formation, characterization and application of the lyotropic liquid crystals of surfactants in non-aqueous solvents such as straight chain alcohols （glycerin, ethylene glycol, etc.）, organic amines （formamide, N-methylformamide, etc.）, ionic liquids, etc. are reviewed, and the development trend in this field is prospected.

Key words: non-aqueous solvent, surfactant, lyotropic liquid crystals

中图分类号:

TQ423

奚琪,燕永利,张阳. 非水相溶致液晶形成的研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业, 2019, 49(12): 817-823.

XI Qi,YAN Yong-li,ZHANG Yang. Progress in the formation of lyotropic liquid crystals in non-aqueous solvent[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 49(12): 817-823.

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P值	胶束形状
P≤1/3	球状
1/3≤P≤1/2	棒状或椭球状
1/2≤P≤1	层状或囊泡
P≥1	反相聚集体

	直链醇	有机胺化合物	离子液体	对二甲苯	液体石蜡	角鲨烯	角鲨烷	橄榄油
卵磷脂^[20,21]	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
十二烷基硫酸钠^[22,23]	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
K-皂^[24]	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
三乙醇胺油酸酯^[25,26]	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	×
烷基三甲基铵^[27,32]	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×
N-烷基吡啶鎓氯（溴）化物^[28,29,33]	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×
BPS-n^[30,31,34]	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×
Q_n-D ^[36,37]	×	×	×	×	√	√	√	√

中间相	峰值比率
层状相	1∶2∶3∶4
立方胶束（fcc）
立方胶束（bcc）
双连续立方体（Im3m）
双连续立方体（Pn3m）
双连续立方体（Ia3d）
六角相