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22 March 2020, Volume 50 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Synthesis and properties of an amide Gemini surfactant Yong-chen CAI,Hua-sheng ZHENG,Hu-jun XU 2020, 50 (3):  143-148.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.001 Abstract ( 394 )   HTML ( 131 )   PDF (1107KB) ( 781 )   An amide Gemini surfactant N,N’-bis-dodecyl-2,6-pyridinium dimethylamide propionate sodium（DLP-12） was synthesized from dodecylamine, methyl acrylate, and 2, 6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid by addition, amidation, and saponification reactions. By single factor experiments, the optimum reaction conditions for this reaction were: n（N-dodecyl-β-alanine-methyl ester）∶n（2, 6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid）=2.4∶1, reflux reaction at 40 ℃ for 8 hours. Under these conditions, the yield of the final product was 68.14%. The results showed that the critical micelle concentrations of DLP-12 were 9.1×10 -5, 9.5×10 -5and 9.7×10 -5mol/L at 25, 35 and 45 ℃, respectively, and the corresponding surface tension were 33.7, 32.4 and 31.1 mN/m, respectively. The maximum surface excess concentration （Γmax） decreased with the increase of temperature. The value of the critical packing parameter （CPP） indicated the self-assembly morphology of surfactants in aqueous solution transformed from lamellar structure to rod-like structure. At 25 ℃, the emulsification properties measured with liquid paraffin and n-octane as the oil phase were 277 and 252 s, respectively, and the Roche foam height was 141 mm. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the design and synthesis of amphiphilic polymers and their synergistic systems （III）Hydrophobic association Wan-li KANG,Hai-zhuang JIANG,Xin KANG,Meng-lan LI,Hong-bin YANG,Xiang-feng ZHANG 2020, 50 (3):  149-154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.002 Abstract ( 480 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (819KB) ( 646 )   The hydrophobic association of amphiphilic polymer systems in recent years has been summarized, including the self hydrophobic association of amphiphilic polymers, the hydrophobic association in the mixed systems of amphiphilic polymers and surfactants, and the application of the hydrophobic association of amphiphilic polymers. The hydrophobic association in amphiphilic polymer systems includes the intramolecular association and the intermolecular association below and above the critical association concentration, respectively. The hydrophobic association in the mixed systems of amphiphilic polymers and surfactants includes the hydrophobic association of different kinds of surfactants with polymers and the influence of hydrophobic groups on the mixed systems. Finally, the excellent properties of amphiphilic polymer systems based on the synergy of hydrophobic association are summarized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and properties of 2-undecyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethyl imidazolium chloride Gao-fei ZHANG,Wei ZHANG,Feng-shou WANG 2020, 50 (3):  155-158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.003 Abstract ( 620 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 994 )   Undecyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline with less salt was synthesized from lauric acid and hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine. Then, 2-undecyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethyl imidazolium chloride （LSUHCI） was synthesized with ethyl chloroacetate as quaternization reagent. The structure of the intermediate, i.e. undecyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, was characterized by FT-IR and mass spectrometry. The composition of the intermediate was also quantitatively analyzed. The structure of LSUHCI was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The physicochemical properties were studied and compared with ordinary industrial product （salt content=8.1%） of 2-undecyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethyl imidazolium chloride （UHCI）. The results showed that the NaCl content in LSUHCI was 1.3%, which was a low-salt surfactant product. The balanced surface tension of LSUHCI was 27.52 mN/m. Its critical micelle concentration （cmc）, wettability and emulsifying property were better than UHCI, while foaming ability and foam stability were worse than UHCI. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of nano-CeO2 based on non-aqueous microemulsion method Wei-yan SUN,Yin-rong LV,Feng WANG 2020, 50 (3):  159-163.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.004 Abstract ( 351 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1429KB) ( 642 )   Nano-CeO2 was synthesized by using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene （3） ether （AEO-3）/n-octane/methanol non-aqueous microemulsion system as the reaction medium. The microstructure of the non-aqueous microemulsion was investigated by ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） spectroscopy and staining. The microemulsion region and the optimal synthesis conditions of Nano-CeO2 were determined by phase diagram method: in which m（AEO-3）∶m（n-octane）=4︰6, the concentration of cerium nitrate was 0.3 mol/L, the concentration of precipitant sodium hydroxide was 0.9 mol/L, and the mass fraction of methanol was 14%. The Nano-CeO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that nano-CeO2 prepared in AEO-3/n-octane/methanol non-aqueous microemulsion system is a high purity fluorite structure, with small particle size （10-20 nm） and uniform spherical distribution. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on surfactant-assisted ultrasonic extraction of total polyphenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves and their antioxidant activity Lu-jun LI,Zhi-hong WANG,Yan-ping HUO,Xiang WANG,Qiu-ling YANG,Mi-jun PENG 2020, 50 (3):  164-170.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.005 Abstract ( 308 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 433 )   The surfactant-assisted ultrasonic extraction of total polyphenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was optimized. The antioxidant activity in vitro was compared between the extracts from Eucommia ulmoides leaves with different extraction processes. Firstly, on the basis of the single-factor test, the total polyphenols were used as indicators to optimize the extraction conditions by the orthogonal experiment. Then the antioxidant activity of the extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was evaluated in vitro in terms of the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, ABTS free radical scavenging rate, DPPH free radical scavenging rate and reducing power. The experimental results showed that the optimal extraction process was SDS dosage of 0.1 g/L, ultrasonic extraction time of 5 min, ethanol volume fraction of 50%, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20 （g∶mL）, and temperature of 45 °C. Under this condition, the total polyphenol yield of Eucommia ulmoides leaves was 6.770%. The extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves had certain antioxidant activity in vitro. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on compound properties of alkyl glycoside quaternary ammonium surfactant Li-ying JIANG 2020, 50 (3):  171-176.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.006 Abstract ( 485 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1143KB) ( 762 )   The butylglucoside and octylglucoside were compounded with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl dimethyl dodecylamine salt and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl dimethyl hexadecyl salt according to the molar ratio of 1∶1,1∶0.5 and 1∶0.1. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration （cmc）, hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB）, foam property, detersive performance and emulsifying property of the complex system were also determined. The results show that the performance of octylglucoside hydroxypropyl dimethyl dodecylammonium hydrochloride compounded with anionic surfactant is good. The surface activity and hydrophilicity of butylglucoside hydroxypropyl dimethyl dodecyl ammonium hydrochloride samples are good. When the mass fraction of butylglucoside and octylglucoside was 80%, the foam properties, emulsification properties and stability of butylglucoside hydroxypropyl dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium hydrochloride were all in good condition. The decontamination performance of butylglucoside hydroxypropyl dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium hydrochloride compound system is good for carbon black cloth and protein stain cloth. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of modified montmorillonite by BS-12 and application in Pickering emulsion Ze-yu YANG,Wan-xu WANG,Guo-yong WANG,Xiu-mei TAI 2020, 50 (3):  177-181.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.007 Abstract ( 266 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 450 )   The dodecyl dimethyl betaine modified montmorillonite （BS-12/MMT） was prepared using dodecyl dimethyl betaine （BS-12） as modifier. The BS-12/MMT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and the three-phase contact angle measuring instrument. An L9（3 4） orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the content of each component and preparation process of the BS-12/MMT stabilized Pickering emulsion. The optimized results were verified by centrifugal stability and static stability experiments. The particle size distribution of the emulsions was measured by the Zeta Plus particle size analyzer. The results show that the BS-12/MMT content is 4%, the oil-water mass ratio is 1∶1, the AEO-3 content is 1%, and the emulsification time is 10 min, which is more conductive to maintaining the stability of the BS-12/MMT stabilized Pickering emulsion. The optimized emulsion particle size distribution is narrow, which is beneficial to the long-term stability of the emulsion. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance of Pickering emulsions stabilized by SiO2 nanoparticles modified with silicon-based quaternary ammonium salts Wei XUE,Jiang-hong WU,Zhi-ping DU 2020, 50 (3):  182-187.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.008 Abstract ( 448 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (2105KB) ( 372 )   Amphiphilic SiO2-C18QAS could be obtained by modifying hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles with dimethyloctadecyl [3-（trimethoxysilyl）propyl] ammonium chloride （C18QAS）. Pickering emulsions could be facilely stabilized for various oil-water two-phase systems by SiO2-C18QAS due to its good interfacial activity. With the increase of the mass fraction of SiO2-C18QAS, the diameter of emulsion droplets would decline first until reaching a constant value. With the increase of the functionalization degree of SiO2-C18QAS, however, the droplet size of emulsions would decrease before reaching a minimum at the usage of 0.3 mmol C18QAS and then increase gradually. Moreover, phase inversion could be triggered by changing the acid-base property of water phase or the volume ratio between oil and water. After standing for 1 month, the emulsion was observed without any significant change, exhibiting excellent stability. SiO2-C18QAS was a promising candidate for further applications. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of anti-hair loss and hair growth-promoting cosmetic materials Yan CONG,Chun-peng JIANG 2020, 50 (3):  188-193.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.009 Abstract ( 1043 )   HTML ( 82 )   PDF (840KB) ( 1111 )   The anti-hair loss and hair-growth promoting cosmetic materials launched in the market in the recent years were summarized. The function mechanisms of these cosmetic materials were discussed based on the biological characteristics of hair follicle and the pathogenesis of alopecia, especially seborrheic alopecia. The compounding rules of these raw materials were concluded. The future development of these materials for preventing hair loss was prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the application of nanocellulose in Pickering emulsion preparation Xu-wang TIAN,Xiao-hui GE,Xing-bo SHI,Min WU,Chong-xing HUANG,Peng LU 2020, 50 (3):  194-198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.010 Abstract ( 628 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF (823KB) ( 510 )   Nanocellulose has become a research hotspot for the stabilization of Pickering emulsions due to its wide range of sources, biodegradability, recyclability and high stability. The stabilization mechanism of Pickering emulsion and the influencing factors were explained. The research progress of nanocellulose in Pickering emulsion preparation and the application of nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions in recent years have been reviewed to provide a guideline for the research and application of nanocellulose in Pickering emulsions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of 10 prohibited drugs in shampoo by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Wang-huo YANG 2020, 50 (3):  199-203.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.011 Abstract ( 381 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (921KB) ( 568 )   A method for the determination of 10 prohibited drugs in shampoo by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） was established. The samples were ultrasonic extracted with methanol, separated on a C18 columm by gradient elution with 0.1% （v/v） formic acid solution and acetonitrile as mobile phases, and finally analyzed using electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The linear ranges of the 10 compounds were from 0.2 to 10 μg /L with the correlation coefficients （r 2） more than 0.99. The average recoveries and relative standard deviations were 90.5%-94.2% and 2.3%-4.8% respectively in the spiked ranges of 10-50 μg/kg. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.8-2.4 μg/kg and 2.6-7.9 μg/kg, respectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of coumarins in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography Guo-qing LIU,Jing LI,Jian-guo XU,Yan-wen LV,Xiang-jun PAN,Yun-yuan DONG 2020, 50 (3):  204-207.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.012 Abstract ( 461 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (953KB) ( 711 )   A high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 8 coumarin compounds in cosmetics, including 8-hydroxypsoralen, psoralen, isopsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, trioxsalen, imperatorin and isoimperatorin. The samples were extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction with methanol as carrier cosolvent. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 chromatographic column （250 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm, column temperature 25 ℃） through gradient elution with acetonitrile-water as binary mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 250 nm. The external standard method was used for quantification. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficients of the 8 compounds were all greater than 0.999; the average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 85.1%-110.0% with RSDs （n=6） lower than 6.42%. This method was proved to be simple, efficient and accurate, which provided an effective detection technique for coumarin compounds in cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of cadmium in ferric oxide pigments by ICP-OES Hao-jie HUANG,Fei-fei XU 2020, 50 (3):  208-212.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.03.013 Abstract ( 315 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (924KB) ( 390 )   Cd214.439, Cd226.502 and Cd228.802, commonly used in determination of cadmium in ferric oxide pigments by ICP-OES, are interfered by the iron spectrum. By using rhodium as the internal standard, the interference at these three spectral lines in the mass concentration range of 0-20.0 g/L of iron was studied. The results showed that, iron interfered most at Cd226.502, next at Cd214.439, and least at Cd228.802. The interference values ranged from 0.130-1.430 mg/L, 0.031-0.329 mg/L, and 0.005-0.025 mg/L, respectively. At Cd226.502 and Cd214.439, the interference intensity grew with the increase of iron mass concentration, but not so much at Cd228.802. Finally, Cd228.802 was selected for screening analysis. The sample was weighed as 0.500 g, which could be judged as qualified when the test result was less than or equal to 5.0 mg/kg, and unqualified when the test result was more than 6.2 mg/kg. Only when the test result was somewhere in between, other methods would be used for analysis and confirmation. Therefore, the selection of Cd228.802 for analysis could greatly improve the screening efficiency. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics