Table of Content

22 December 2016, Volume 46 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Hydrogen bond association state of AEO9 in 1,2-propylene glycol, water and their mixed solvents ZHAO Liu-chen,ZHANG Hui,WANG Wan-xu 2016, 46 (12):  671-676.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.001 Abstract ( 366 )   Hydrogen bonding between fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO9) molecule and two separate solvent molecules,1,2-propylene glycol and H2O was examined by using the Gaussian density functional theory (DFT) in order to explore the relationship between them and the viscosity of the system.Results showed that,there are two kinds of hydrogen bond,the weak bond (CH…O) and strong bond (OH…O) between solvent molecules and the hydrophilic head group of AEO9;and they jointly affect the viscosity of the system with the solvophobic effect of AEO9.In addition,the changes of surface tension of AEO9 in 1,2-propylene glycol/H2O mixed solvent with the content of 1,2-propylene glycol were investigated.And in combination with the semi empirical algorithm PM7 for further analysis,it was found that the introduction of 1,2-propylene glycol will increase the number of hydrogen bonds formed by a single water molecule,which leads to a chemical property change of the three binary mixture systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅻ) Fluorocarbon-containing fire extinguishing agent DOU Zeng-pei,GE Feng,HE Xue-chang,JIANG Hong-hong,XING Hang,XIAO Jin-xin 2016, 46 (12):  677-683.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.002 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (876KB) ( 460 )   Various types of fluorocarbon-containing fire extinguishing agent were introduced,including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF),fluoro-protein foam (FP),film-forming fluoro-protein foam (FFFP),anti-burn back superfine powder and Halon-substituted fire extinguishing agents.The current situation of research work and industrial production were described.Finally,the trend of development and outlook for fluorocarbon-containing fire extinguishing agents in China were presented. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developmen and application

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Optimization of synthesis of rosin based imidazoline by response surface method and study of its corrosion inhibition performance GUO Rui,LI Xiao-fang,TANG Hong-ke,WANG Chao 2016, 46 (12):  684-689.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.003 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (1811KB) ( 247 )   Rosin based imidazoline was synthesized with rosin and diethylenetriamine as raw materials,sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate as quaternization agent and polyethylene glycol 600 as phase transfer catalyst.Based upon results obtained from single factor experiments and using response surface method,the optimal synthesis conditions were determined as:reaction time,5 h;dosage of the catalyst,14% of the amount of matter of rosin based imidazoline intermediate;reaction temperature,123 ℃;n(sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate)∶n(rosin based imidazoline intermediate),0.89∶1;m(water)∶m(isopropanol),2.14∶1.Under the above-mentioned conditions,SN2 substitution of rosin based imidazoline intermediate could reach maximum,and the value is 12.73%.The structure of rosin based imidazoline was characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR under the optimum conditions,and the corrosion inhibition performance of the product were measured.The results showed that when a steel sample that is dipped in 15% mass fraction hydrochloric acid under 30 ℃ for 48 h,with 0.6% mass fraction of rosin based imidazoline as corrosion inhibitor the corrosion inhibition rate of the steel sample could reach 84.79%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of myristic acid sugar ester catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B displaying Pichia pastoris CHEN Wen,CHEN Xiao-yan,DAI Yin,WANG Zhi-gang,LU Zhi-min 2016, 46 (12):  690-696.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.004 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (862KB) ( 421 )   The enzyme activity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) displaying Pichia pastoris was investigated.Results showed that the enzyme displays the highest activity at 50~60 ℃.Effect of separate substrates catalyzing by CALB was compared.In a case using 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (IpGlc) as the acyl receptor and myristic acid as the acyl donor,the effect of the polarity of organic solvent,the dosage of catalyst,the molar ratio of the substrates,the dosage of 4A molecular sieve,and initial water activity was studied.The suitable reaction conditions are as follows:acetone,5 mL;CALB (dry powder),0.3 g;n(IpGlc)∶n(myristic acid)=1∶3 (with IpGlc 0.5 mmol);no 4A molecular sieve to be used;water activity,aw=0.11;reaction temperature,50 ℃;agitator speed,200 r/min for 72 h.The final yield achieves 91.25%.IpGlc-C14 reaction results of using CALB and Novozym 435 were compared and showed that Novozym 435 displays higher reaction rate,and CALB displays higher final yield. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of liquid paraffin/water Pickering emulsions stabilized by modified montmorillonite with wet ball mill method YAN Hui-qiong,CHEN Xiu-qiong,SONG Huang-wang,LI Jia-cheng,WANG Xiang-hui,LIN Qiang 2016, 46 (12):  697-702.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.005 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (3558KB) ( 319 )   Wet ball mill method was applied to prepare modified montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) by the intercalation of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) with Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as the basic material.Then the resultant DDA-MMT was applied to emulsify liquid paraffin to form O/W Pickering emulsions under the action of ultrasound.The resultant DDA-MMT was characterized by XRD,TEM,FT-IR,contact angle measurement,Zeta potential and laser particle size analyzer.The effects of DDA-MMT mass concentration,pH of aqueous phase and ionic strength on the stability of the Pickering emulsions were also investigated.Experimental results showed that DDAB has successfully intercalated into the interlayer of Na-MMT under the mechanical action of the ball mill,causing the size,Zeta potential and three phase contact angle change from 910.7 nm,-26.8 mV and 121.7° to 603.8 nm,38.3 mV and 86.9° respectively.In comparison with Na-MMT particles,DDA-MMT particles are more easily to aggregate between the oil-water interfaces and displays better emulsification stability.With the increasing of DDA-MMT mass concentration,the particle size of the Pickering emulsions decreases,the volume fraction of the emulsion increases and the stability of the emulsion becomes better.When the pH of aqueous phase is in the range of 6.26～8.36,and the NaCl concentration is 20 mmol/L,the stability of the Pickering emulsion prepared by DDA-MMT is in the best condition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on potential applications of “space ginseng yeast” in cosmetics SONG Xiao-jie,ZHOU Chun-xia,WU Yue 2016, 46 (12):  703-708.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.006 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (5922KB) ( 414 )   Through the in vitro cell-based assay,a series of experiments to investigate the efficacy of “space ginseng yeast”,which were obtained from space breeding technology and modern fermentation engineering were conducted in order to provide theoretical basis and scientific guide for the potential applications in cosmetic areas from various aspects.The results showed that this active ingredient can improve the proliferation capacity,colony forming efficiency and scratch repair ability of the KC.Moreover,it can significantly increase the expression of Perlecan which is key protein in the basal layer of the human skin.Meanwhile,“space ginseng yeast” can help the cell morphological recovery and improve the Perlecan,collagen Ⅰ and ELASTIN expression on the fibroblasts after heavy ion irradiation.All of these results showed that the “space ginseng yeast” displays potential applications on skin regeneration in cosmetic industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study for deposition of zinc pyrithione in anti-dandruff shampoo NIU Li-juan,QU Xin,Emmanuel Everaert 2016, 46 (12):  709-713.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.007 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (5499KB) ( 478 )   Morphological properties of flocculation in anti-dandruff shampoo,deposition of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) on human skin as well as combing performance of human hair were examined.Effect of various cationic polymers and particle size of silicones with respect to uniformity of ZPT covering and deposition were compared.The results showed that since the co-existence of small particle size silicone (SPS) in the system and over-flocculation of ZPT,most of cationic polymers are not suitable to be used in anti-dandruff shampoo;while surface modified cationic guar which helps to avoid formation of over-flocculation,can provide better conditioning performance and deliver high effective deposition of ZPT in SPS anti-dandruff shampoo.For anti-dandruff shampoo with large particle size silicone (LPS),the deposition effect of ZPT is direct proportional to the charge density and molecular weight of cationic polymer in the shampoo. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Exocarpium Citri grandis extract and antioxidation mask PENG Ying,QIU Song-shan,MO Zi-jie,ZHOU Ru-jin 2016, 46 (12):  714-717.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.008 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (757KB) ( 320 )   Ethanol extract containing flavonoids from Exocarpium Citri grandis was prepared by extraction using ethanol as the extraction solvent.The impact of extraction temperature,ratio of solid to liquid materials and volume fraction of the ethanol solvent on the extraction rate of flavonoids were examined.Based on the single factor tests results,the ethanol extraction process of flavonoids in Exocarpium Citri grandis was optimized by orthogonal experiment.The optimum conditions were identified as follows:extraction temperature,80 ℃;ratio of solid material to solvent (g∶mL),1∶50;and ethanol volume fraction,80%.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of flavonoids achieves 3.19%.The extract was added into the mask raw material to cause the antioxidation activity of the mask products with vitamin C and propyl gallate (PG) as standard reference,so as to develop new direction for the application of local orange resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensory evaluation of commercial moisturizing lotions based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis WANG Fei-fei,MA Xiao,MO Jun-ying,WU Meng-jie,YIN Yuan-yuan,LIN Wen-qiang 2016, 46 (12):  718-722.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.009 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (827KB) ( 471 )   The skin status of human hand after using 26 kinds of commercial moisturizing lotions for three stages as just completion of smearing,2 and 5 min after the smearing respectively was investigated employing quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA).Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis were adopted for further study.The results of PCA showed that two principal components (with eigenvalues of 4.182 and 2.611 respectively) were extracted from the sensory characteristics.In addition,the first two principal components accounted for 84.91%,one of which describes the skin absorption including three stages of moisturizing sense and softness,and the another describes remnant on the skin covering three stages of stickness sensation.Furthermore,in combination with AHC analysis,the results indicated that the 26 kinds of commercial moisturizer can be classified into two types which contain 12 and 14 kinds of market product respectively.The 26 kinds of commercial moisturizing lotion were successfully distributed into principal component distribution diagram,and were classified in this study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Progress in research work with respect to multiple structures applied in encapsulation technology LUO Shao-qiang,ZHANG Chen,WEN Jing,NIU Yu-lian,ZHANG Zhi-wei 2016, 46 (12):  723-728.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.010 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (2392KB) ( 369 )   Based on the overview of types and preparation methods for multiple structure emulsions as well as their applications in the areas of preparation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,the status of research work with respect to encapsulation technologies that containing multiple structures,such as liposomes,microcapsule and solid lipid nanoparticles were summarized.Meanwhile,the characteristics of multiple structure encapsulation products were described. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals and detection of colony in volcano mud JIANG Ying-fang,YIN Zhao-ming,ZHANG Ya-gang,WANG Cai-yun,CAO Jia-lie 2016, 46 (12):  729-732.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.011 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (781KB) ( 286 )   Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in samples of mud from Xinjiang Wusu Tianshan volcano.ICP-MS analysis results showed that for the volcanic mud without any treatment,K mass fraction is 1.7%;Na mass fraction is 1.5%;total alkali metal mass fraction is more than 3.2%;Mg mass fraction is 0.9%;Ca mass fraction is 0.4%;and total alkaline earth metal mass fraction is more than 1.3%.The overall results indicate that the untreated volcanic mud is rather highly alkaline,irritant and corrosive;Hg and Pb mass fraction meet national health standards requirements;but mass fraction of As is slightly higher than national health standards.The results also showed that the total mass fraction of Zn,Mn and Cu is in line with the provisions of Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 ed),which is below 1% according to the national standards.In accordance with Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 ed),Cr and Cd are not allowed while the analysis results showed that Cr mass fraction is 69.14 μg/g,and Cd mass fraction is 0.28 μg/g.Overall microbial colony detection results showed that there are no fecal coliforms,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in the sample and the total content of mold and yeast are not over than the provisions in the national standard.However,total number of colonies exceeds the provision in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 ed). References | Related Articles | Metrics