Table of Content

22 November 2016, Volume 46 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

Select

Research work with respect to effects of iron ion on rheological performance of hydrolytic polyacrylamide solution CHEN Bin,AO Wen-jun,CHEN Shi-jia,ZHU Hong-qing,WANG Cheng-sheng,WU Bin-bin,ZUO Qin-quan 2016, 46 (11):  609-615.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.001 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (989KB) ( 356 )   Considering the problem that reducing substances cause serious viscosity loss of hydrolytic polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution used as oil displacement agent in crude oil field,the effects of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on the zero shear viscosity,dynamic viscoelasticity and rheological performance under instant extension were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with laboratory physical simulation method;then the mechanism for the effect of two kinds of iron ion on the viscosity of HPAM solution was examined.Results showed that the presence of Fe2+ in the solution mainly causes the break of the molecular chain of HPAM via redox reaction and chemical behavior of hydrolysis,which results in significant decline of viscosity and rheological performance of the HPAM solution.Meanwhile,the presence of Fe2+ in the HPAM solution not only causes the elastic modulus and loss modulus both fall sharply;but also reduces the filament diameter of HPAM solution and accelerates the break of the filament.Finally,degree of entanglement between polymer molecules reduces,and the molecules become easy to flow.Effect of Fe3+ on the rheological performance of HPAM solution is rather small,and its main functions are flocculation and precipitation of HPAM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

Select

Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅺ) Perfluorocarbon fluids DOU Zeng-pei,ZHANG Tian-tian,XING Hang,XIAO Jin-xin 2016, 46 (11):  615-621.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.002 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (828KB) ( 805 )   Performance,development course,structure features,preparation and applications of perfluorocarbon fluids were introduced.Current market situation of perfluorocarbon fluids was discussed.Outlook for development of perfluorocarbon fluids in China was prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developmen and application

Select

Synthesis and performance of 12-3(OH)-12 type surfactant ADAC GUO Rui,LI Huan-le,LIU Ai-yu,YANG Jiang-yue,CHENG Min 2016, 46 (11):  622-627.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.003 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (2062KB) ( 299 )   A kind of hydroxyl propyl Gemini ammonium chloride cationic surfactant,1,3-bis(alkyldimethylammonium chloride) isopropanol (ADAC) was synthesized with dodecyl dimethyl amine (12DMA) as main starting material under acidic condition.The purity of ADAC in the product reaches 98.63%,which was determinated by methylene blue back titration method,and its melting point is 70.7~71.2 ℃.The chemical structure of the product was characterized by means of FT-IR and 1H NMR.Based on single factor experiments,the optimum conditions were obtained using response surface methodology as:reaction temperature,91 ℃;reaction time,11 h;solvent,isopropanol;n(12DMA)∶n(hydrochloric acid)=2.03∶1;stirrer rotation speed,250 r/min.Under the aforesaid conditions,the reaction yield of ADAC achieves 93.37%.Surface performance of the target product at 15 ℃ was measured as:cmc,4.5×10-5 mol/L;γcmc,27.07 mN/m;effectiveness (πcmc),45.99 mN/m;efficiency (pc20),5.301. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Synthesis and performance of a thickener with salt resistance in weak acid circumstance ZHOU Zheng-ming,CHEN Hong-ling,WANG Chang-guo,LI Hua-shan 2016, 46 (11):  628-633.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.004 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (801KB) ( 397 )   A thickener was prepared by solvent-grafting method with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) and ethoxylated fatty alcohol ether as starting materials.The influences on the esterification of reaction temperature,solvent and catalyst examined.The thickener product was characterized by infrared spectrum.The effects of esterification rate,neutralization degree and kinds of neutralization agent on the properties of the thickener product were also examined.The results showed that,the suitable conditions are as follows:reaction temperature,80-90 ℃;reaction solvent,N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF);catalyst,p-toluene sulfonic acid.Under the aforesaid conditions,the triethanolamine was used as the suitable neutralization agent and formulated to a thickener product (white paste) with content of mass fraction 0.5%.The viscosity of the prepared white paste achieves 14.8 Pa·s,and its viscosity retention rate against salt achieves 93.3%.Its PVI value is 0.157.Under weak acid condition,it displays good thickening effect.The thickener product prepared is better than that of market thickener with respect to salt resistance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Synthesis of dodecyl glycidyl ether under ultrasonic irradiation by phase transfer catalysis DU Bin,LUO Zhi-chen,DING Yi,WANG Chen 2016, 46 (11):  634-637.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.005 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (723KB) ( 381 )   Dodecyl glycidyl ether was synthesized by the reaction of epichlorohydrin and lauryl alcohol under ultrasonic irradiation with benzyltriethylammonium chloride as the phase transfer catalyst.Chemical structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR spectrum.The effects of kinds of catalyst,molar ratio of reactants,dosage of NaOH and the catalyst,ultrasonic irradiation power and time on the yield of dodecyl glycidyl ether were investigated.Results showed that benzyltriethylammonium chloride displays high catalytic activity on the reaction under ultrasonic irradiation.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows:n(lauryl alcohol)∶n(epichlorohydrin)∶n(benzyltriethylammonium chloride)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.15∶0.05∶1.05 (based on 0.15 mol lauryl alcohol and 15 mL toluene);power of ultrasonic irradiation 100 W;time for ultrasonic irradiation 45 min.Yield of the product reaches higher than 93%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on sun-screening performance of hemp powder GAN Liang,ZHANG Chen,YANG Xue-fang,NIU Yu-lian,ZHANG Zhi-wei 2016, 46 (11):  638-647.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.006 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (2307KB) ( 303 )   Hemp powder was treated by separate technological operations,such as ball mill grinding,acid treatment and alkali treatment.Then the structure,apparent morphology and sun-screening performance of the treated samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope,UV-vis spectrophotometer and sun protection factor (SPF) measurement.Experimental results showed that,the upgrading effect for UV absorbance within whole wavelength range by simple increase of hemp powder mass fraction is very limited.Effect of increase of treating time of ball mill grinding for improving light absorbance is not obvious.Comparing the samples that treated by separate kinds of acid and the sample without any treatment,results showed that the sample treated by acetic acid displays the highest light absorbance.Comparing the samples that treated by separate kinds of alkali and the sample without any treatment,results showed that the sample treated by triethanolamine displays the highest light absorbance,even higher than that treated by acetic acid.After the treatment of acid or alkali,the peak intensity of infrared absorption of the hemp powder decreases,but its irregular chip structure remains unchanged.Comparing the SPF of samples that treated by separate methods,results showed that the sample treated by alkali displays the highest SPF value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on the technology for preparation of β-damascone microcapsules with complex coacervation method XIAO Wei-yi,SHEN Yan,YAO Zhen-yu,LIU Zhe,HUANG Hai-qun 2016, 46 (11):  643-653.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.007 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (2250KB) ( 453 )   β-Damascone microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation method with β-damascone as core material and gelatin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as coating materials.Based on the results from single factor experiment,the orthogonal design was used to optimize the preparation conditions of β-damascone microcapsules.The better process conditions were determined as:gelatin and CMC mass ratio,9∶1;core and coating mass ratio,1∶1;rotation speed of the emulsification,8 500 r/min;dosage of the curing agent,0.25%;pH value,4.5-4.6;operation temperature,40 ℃.Under the aforesaid conditions,the microcapsule embedding rate achieves 97.83%±2.16%;the particle size is about 30 μm,with morphology of the microcapsules round and regular. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Select

Progress in research work field with respect to theory and application of microemulsion MAO Xue-bin,DU Zhi-ping,TAI Xiu-mei,LIU Xiao-ying 2016, 46 (11):  648-653.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.008 Abstract ( 590 )   PDF (851KB) ( 1209 )   Similarities and differences between microemulsion and ordinary emulsion were summarized.Mechanism for formation of microemulsion as well as the research methods for structure and properties of microemulsions were introduced.The applications of microemulsion in different areas were summarized,and its application foreground was prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress in research work field with respect to wetting performance of surfactants on separate solid surfaces HAN Bing,CUI Yong,WEI Wen-long,CHANG Hong-hong 2016, 46 (11):  654-660.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.009 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (983KB) ( 356 )   Progress in research work field with respect to wetting performance of surfactants on solid surface of separate polarity was described,focusing on rules of wetting action and effecting factors for polar materials such as quartz and glass,middle polar material such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as well as non-polar material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).In combination with the author's research work,the wetting mechanism for series of surfactants on surface of coal pitch was emphatically discussed.Finally,the application trend of surfactants for wetting of solid surface was prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

Select

Determination of five kinds of nitroimidazole compound in whelk dispelling cosmetics by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry ZHANG Xin-xin,GAO Yuan-hui,HUA Jin,YANG Yan-qiang,SHEN Ying-hua 2016, 46 (11):  661-664.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.010 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (810KB) ( 329 )   A method for determination of five kinds of nitroimidazole compound (metronidazole (MNZ),ronidazole (RNZ),dimetridazole (DMZ),hydroxyl metronidazole (MNZOH) and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (HMMNI)) in whelk dispelling cosmetics by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established.The target analyte was extracted from the product sample with ethyl acetate as solvent,and the extract was separated on a Hypersil GOLD C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,3 μm),sequentially eluted with acetone,methanol and blend solution with V(ammonia water)∶V(acetonitrile)=5∶95,detected using LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive ion mode,and quantified by external standard matrix method.The results indicated that good linearity displays when mass concentration of MNZ,RNZ and DMZ is within 0~50 μg/L,and when mass concentration of MNZOH and HMMNI is within 0~100 μg/L.Linear correlation coefficient (R2) is higher than 0.99.In the spiked test of three levels,the average recovery rate is in the range of 84.3%-115.0%,and relative standard deviation (RSD) is in the range of 1.66%-10.30% (n=6).This analysis method meets the testing requirements for detection and confirmation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Production and processes

Select

Investigation for emission features of volatile organic compounds from daily chemical industry:taking a typical daily chemical enterprise in Guangzhou city as an example CHEN Xiao-yan,DAI Yin 2016, 46 (11):  665-670.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.11.011 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (1042KB) ( 390 )   In combination with the production process investigations,field sampling and experimental analysis,the emission features of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from raw material input to product output in the manufacturing process of a typical daily chemical enterprises in Guangzhou city were examined via material balance method.Results indicated that the mass concentration of VOCs of organized discharge detection port is basically identical.The mass concentration of VOCs of unorganized sampling at raw material mixing area is the highest.The mass concentration of limonene component is the largest both in organized discharge port and unorganized sampling.11 and 16 kinds of main VOCs were detected in the organized discharge and unorganized emission respectively.The main pollutant of this enterprise is limonene.The comprehensive emission factor of this enterprise was 0.199 kg/t based on the material balance method. References | Related Articles | Metrics