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Table of Content

    22 January 2014, Volume 44 Issue 1    Next Issue
    Basic research
    Study of conductivity and rheological behaviors of cetyltrimethylammonium salicylate in aqueous solution
    QIU Zhao-min, PING A-li, WEI Xi-lian
    2014, 44 (1):  1-5.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.001
    Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 345 )  
    The conductivity and rheological behaviors of aqueous solution of cetyltrimetylammonium salicylate in dilute and semidilute range were studied.Profile of plot of conductivity vs.concentration of the system shows two inflection points.The first inflection point corresponds to the critical micelle concentration (cmc),while the second corresponds to the concentration that the rodlike micelles begin to form.The changes of thermodynamic functions of micellization were calculated and the results showed that the micellization is an enthalpy-driven process.The steady-state rheological experiment showed that all systems exhibit shear thinning behavior.When the mass mole concentration of the system is higher than 119 mmol·kg-1,its rheological behavior is in line with Maxwell fluid behavior with a single stress relaxation time.The high viscosity behavior is caused by the linkages between short rodlike micelles rather than entangled wormlike micelles.
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    Synthesis and properties of long-chain amido sulfonate type gemini surfactants
    QIN Wen-long, LIU Xuan, XIAO Zeng-li, YANG Jiang, YANG Zhen
    2014, 44 (1):  6-9.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.002
    Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (858KB) ( 334 )  
    A kind of sulfonate type gemini surfactant was synthesized with dimmer acid and sodium N-methyl-β-amino ethyl sulfonate as starting materials via acylation and Schotten-Baumann condensation;and its relevant properties were characterized.Based upon orthogonal designed experiments,the optimum reaction conditions were obtained as:reaction temperature,15 ℃;reaction time,5 h;mass fraction of NaOH,40%;molar ratio of sodium N-methyl-β-amino ethyl sulfonate to dimmer acyl chloride,2.3∶1.The product displays higher surface activities as compared with the conventional surfactants.Its γcmc and cmc were determined as 30.4 mN·m-1 and 3.55×10-4 mol·L-1,respectively.In addition,its foaming power and foam stability is good,with foam height and foam half life 1.3-3.2 times and 12-33 times as compared with that of the conventional surfactants respectively.
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    Lecture of science and technology
    Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅰ) Surfactant micelles and their applications
    LIU Jing-wei, LIU Hong-qin, ZHAO Li, DENG Ao, XU Bao-cai
    2014, 44 (1):  10-14.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.003
    Abstract ( 527 )   PDF (945KB) ( 625 )  
    Formation,structure and solubilization effect of surfactant micelles were introduced.Technical principle and affecting factors of micelle-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF),as well as its application in field of waste water treatment were summarized.Meanwhile,mechanism of micellar catalysis and its applications in organic synthesis were described.Their development outlooks were prospected.
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    Development and application
    Synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salts under assistance of microwave irradiation
    YIN Xiao-gang, ZHAO Zheng-rong, XIAO Wei-jun, CHEN Zhuo, YU Jie
    2014, 44 (1):  15-18.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.004
    Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (863KB) ( 304 )  
    Seven kinds of quaternary phosphonium salt were synthesized with halogenated hydrocarbons and triphenylphosphine as starting materials under assistance of microwave irradiation.Effects of reaction temperature,time,kind of solvent,solvent dosage and the molar ratio were studied,and the optimal conditions of the reaction were determined as:adopting DMF,acetonitrile or toluene as the solvent;reaction time,20 min;reaction temperature,120 ℃;molar ratio of triphenylphosphine and halogenated hydrocarbon,1.1∶1;concentration (measured by moles of triphenylphosphine),2.86 mol·L-1.Under the above mentioned conditions,yield of benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide product can achieve 93.5%;while yield of other kinds of the quaternary phosphonium salt are also satisfactory.The products were characterized by 1HNMR and melting point.Under optimal conditions,the time needed for completion of the reaction is no more than 2.8% of that of conventional heating methods.
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    Synthesis and properties of erucoylamidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine
    YU Hong-jiang, LIU Yu, XIAO Zhi-hai
    2014, 44 (1):  19-22.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.005
    Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (853KB) ( 462 )  
    Erucic acid and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine were used as starting materials for preparation of erucoylamidopropyl dimethylamine via condensation.The latter was further quaterized with sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate,which was formed by reaction between sodium hydrosulfite and epichlorihydrin,for synthesis of the targeted product erucoylamidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine.Optimization of the synthesis conditions was studied.The targeted product was characterized by IR,and its performance was evaluated.Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions for the condensation are as follows:n(erucic acid)∶n(N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine)=1∶1.1,reaction temperature 160 ℃,reaction time 10 h,catalyst dosage 1.5%.Under the above mentioned conditions the yield can achieve 82.7%.The optimum conditions for the quaterization are:n(erucoylamidopropyl dimethylamine)∶n(sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate)=1∶1.1,reaction temperature 85 ℃,reaction time 8 h.Under these conditions the yield of the quarterization can achieve 88.1%.The cmc of the targeted product is 1.78×10-5 mol·L-1.The γcmc achieves 40.1 mN·m-1 at 30 ℃,and 30.6 mN·m-1 at 60 ℃.Tolerance to Ca2+ achieves 8 g·L-1.Apparent viscosity of a solution of the targeted product with mass fraction of 2% achieves 204 mPa·s.
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    Synthesis and characterization of cocamidopropyl betaine
    WU Hai-long, HUANG Jian-bang, LUO Xiao-qiu
    2014, 44 (1):  23-25.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.006
    Abstract ( 1170 )   PDF (998KB) ( 852 )  
    Cocamidopropyl betaine was synthesized using coconut fatty acid methyl ester,N,N-dimethyl propylene diamine,chloroacetic acid and NaOH as starting materials,and KOH as catalyst.Effect of factors such as molar ratio of N,N-dimethyl propylene diamine to coconut fatty acid methyl ester,dosage of catalyst,reaction temperature and reaction time et al on main reaction (synthesis of cocamidopropyl dimethylamine) was examined.Results showed that optimum conditions were screened out as follows:n(N,N-dimethyl propylene diamine)∶n(coconut fatty acid methyl ester)=1.15∶1;w(catalyst)=3.0%;reaction temperature 210 ℃;reaction time 25 min.Yield of the coconut fatty acid methyl ester achieves 99.70%.The structure of the targeted product was characterized with FTIR,MS and HPLC.
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    Synthesis and performance of amino silicone surfactant
    XIE Fei-jun, CHENG Xiao-ling, YU Lin, YU Pei-rong, ZHANG Zhao-hong
    2014, 44 (1):  26-30.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.007
    Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (1019KB) ( 357 )  
    Hydrogen containing silicone fluid was synthesized by using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane as starting materials under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid.Then hydrosilylation between allyl glycidyl ether and the hydrogen containing silicone fluid was carried out with chloroplatinic acid as catalyst to produce epoxy modified silicone.Finally,ring opening reaction of the epoxy modified silicone was processed with diethanolamine to obtain amino silicone surfactant as the product.Structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR.Wetting power of the amino silicone product was investigated,and its cmc was determined as 0.102 g·L-1.Performance of the product was compared with that of block silicone oil 9906 and co-modified block silicone oil.Results showed that wetting power increases with the increase of content of amino silicone.Under the same content of amino silicone,the higher ammonia value of the amino silicone,the stronger wetting power to canvas sample.All the performance in application of the amino silicone surfactant such as stability of microemulsion prepared by amino silicone,hydrophilicity and hand feeling softness of cotton fabrics finished with amino silicone are better than that of block silicone oil 9906 and co-modified block silicone oil.
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    Optimization of enzymolysis conditions in preparation of biological sunscreen live yeast cell derivative
    CHEN Ling-lin, DAI Yan, ZHAO Hua
    2014, 44 (1):  31-34.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.008
    Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (850KB) ( 374 )  
    Effects of yeast enzymolysis conditions,such as dosage of UV irradiation cultivated protease,temperature,pH and time of the enzymolysis on the UV absorption performance of the yeast enzymolysis product solution were studied.Further,the live yeast cell derivative was applied in sun screening skin care cosmetic product.Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions for preparation of live yeast cell derivative are:addition of 2% of protease and 1% of cellulase into 10% (mass fraction) yeast solution,pH=6,temperature 52 ℃ and enzymolysis time of 26 h.The live yeast cell derivative can be used as additive in sun screening skin care cosmetics so as to increase maximum sun protection factor of the cosmetics by 128.2%.
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    Preparation of a moisture releasing color control cream
    MENG Xiao, CHEN Qing-sheng, ZHAO Jin-hu, GONG Sheng-zhao
    2014, 44 (1):  35-38.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.009
    Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (806KB) ( 722 )  
    A kind of moisture releasing color control cream was prepared.Via the study on moisture releasing technology of W/Si emulsification system,effects of main factors such as emulsifier type and its dosage,mass ratio of water phase to oil phase,dosage of film-forming agent,emulsification temperature as well as the speed of homogeneous emulsification on the moisture releasing result of the prepared product were investigated.The optimal process parameters were as follows:the emulsifier is a blend of cyclopentasiloxane,disteardimonium hectorite and PEG-10 polydimethylsiloxane with mass fraction 1.40%;mass ratio of water phase to oil phase is higher than 13∶7 (mass fraction of water phase is higher than 65.0%);mass fraction of xanthan gum as film-forming agent is less than 0.05%;emulsification temperature is 25 ℃;speed of homogeneous emulsification is 3 000 r·min-1.
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    Reviews
    Progress on detection methods for toxic residues in cosmetics and their ingredients
    HUANG Rong, YE Jun, FU Xiao-hong
    2014, 44 (1):  39-44.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.010
    Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 564 )  
    Security problems caused by toxic substances in cosmetics and their ingredients were introduced,as well as the present situation of detection for toxic substances were described.The harmfulness and detection method of toxic residues in cosmetics and their ingredients,such as phthalate esters,dioxane,nitrosamines,bisphenols,alkyl phenols,acrylamide and residual solvents,were summarized.The conventionally used detection methods for toxic residues in China recent years were discussed,including gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Finally,existing problems in detection methods and development trend were put forward.
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    Progress in research work on skin-whitening effect of essential oils
    YU Han-mou, JIANG Xing-tao, LI Qing-ting, XIAO Hai-hong
    2014, 44 (1):  45-49.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.011
    Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (913KB) ( 647 )  
    The defects in application of conventional skin-whitening agents were introduced.Research work in the field of skin-whitening effect of various plant essential oils,such as in-vitro test for inhibition of tyrosinase activity,test for survival and growing of melanin cells,test for formation of melanin as well as determination of intracellular tyrosinase activity were focused.Potential applications of the plant essential oils in the skin-whitening field were prospected by comparison of the results obtained in the above mentioned tests with that of arbutin or kojic acid.Current existing problems,development trends and application outlooks of the essential oils in the skin-whitening field were put forward.
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    Analytical methods and testing
    Determination of phenacetin in hair dye by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
    LIU Chun-sheng, CHEN Li-wei, WU Yu-luan, LUO Hai-ying, XIAN Yan-ping, WANG Li
    2014, 44 (1):  50-53.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.012
    Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (864KB) ( 333 )  
    An analysis method was established to determine phenacetin in hair dye by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (UPLC-PDA).The hair dye sample was extracted with 70% (volume fraction) methanol-water solution,reverse extracted with n-hexane,and analyzed by UPLC-PDA on a BEH C18 column,with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase in gradient elution mode.The targets were qualitatively determined by retention time,confirmed by the ultraviolet spectrum,and quantified by standard graph.Test results indicated that in the phenacetin mass concentration range of 0.5-50.0 mg·L-1,the content shows a good linearity with the peak value with correlation coefficient (r) higher than 0.999 3.The detection limit of phenacetin is 3.0 mg·kg-1.When the spiking level is 10,20 and 50 mg·kg-1,the spiked recoveries of phenacetin are ranged within 85.6% and 97.9%,and the precision (RSD) ranges from 3.7% to 5.3% (n=6).
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    Determination of finasteride in anti-calvous hair cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography
    LIU Ya-xiong, WU Da-ping, SUN Ting-ting
    2014, 44 (1):  54-56.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.01.013
    Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (967KB) ( 383 )  
    A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of finasteride in anti-calvous hair cosmetics was established.The sample was analyzed on a Agilent Zorbax Extend C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with detecting wavelength of 220 nm at 30 ℃,and eluted by mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (CH3CN) and KH2PO4 (10 mmol·L-1) with a gradient model,at a flow rate 1.0 mL min-1.Results showed that as the mass concentration of finasteride is in the range of 0.8-20 mg·L-1,the relationship between the mass concentration and the corresponding peak area shows good linearity (R2=0.999 0).The recoveries of finasteride achieve 90.3%-102.0%.
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