Table of Content

22 July 2014, Volume 44 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Liquid paraffin/water emulsion stabilized by synergistic action of bi-metal hydroxide and modified sodium alginate LIU Ruo-lin, LI Jia-cheng, YAN Hui-qiong, LI Xiao-xuan, CHENG Chun-feng, LIN Qiang 2014, 44 (7):  361-365.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.080 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1768KB) ( 430 )   Mg/Al bi-metal hydroxide (LDH) was prepared via unsteady co-precipitation method.Hydrophobic cholesterol (Chol) was grafted onto sodium alginate (Alg) via coupling esterification to form an amphiphilic modified sodium alginate (Alg-Chol).Then the Alg-Chol and LDH was blended to be an emulsifier for synergistic stabilization of liquid paraffin/water emulsion.The LDH,Alg-Chol,LDH/Alg-Chol water dispersion,as well as liquid paraffin/water emulsion were characterized by FTIR,1HNMR,TEM,DLS,contact angle measurement and optical microscope et al.Results from TEM and DLS showed that the average size of LDH is 159 nm,and the dispersion coefficient is 0.267.Results from FTIR and 1HNMR showed that the hydrophobic Chol group has been successfully grafted onto the side chain of Alg.With different NaCl concentration,the contact angle of LDH/Alg-Chol water dispersion system on paraffin plate is near to 90°,which denotes that the wetting power of LDH/Alg-Chol is quite high and is beneficial to upgrade the stability of the emulsion.As the concentration of NaCl increases,the particle size increases from 101.7 μm to 121.8 μm,then gradually drops to 58.1 μm.This is due to the LDH/Alg-Chol self-assembles to form an interface film on the surface of the liquid particles of the emulsion and the particle size of the emulsion is affected by the change of amount of LDH/Alg-Chol adsorbed on the oil/water interface. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability of methanol-diesel emulsions LI Jing, JIAO Wei-zhou, LIU You-zhi, LIU Wen-li, XU Cheng-cheng, GUO Liang 2014, 44 (7):  366-369.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.081 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 564 )   Effect of methanol content,different kinds and contents of emulsifying agent and co-emulsifying agent,HLB value,emulsifying time and stirring speed on the stability of methanol-diesel emulsions was investigated under 20 ℃.Experimental results showed that the stability of the emulsion firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of content of blend emulsifying agent and co-emulsifying agent,as well as HLB value and stirring speed.As the extension of emulsifying time,the stability of the emulsion increases firstly and then gradually reached a plateau.The stability of the emulsion decreases with the augment of the methanol content.Based upon the experimental results the suitable operating parameters were identified as:emulsifying time,2 min;stirring speed,5×2 800 r·min-1;HLB value,4.5;content of both the emulsifying agent and co-emulsifying agent,3% for each;methanol content,15%.Sauter mean diameter of the emulsion particles was measured as 13 μm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅶ) Surfactant micro-emulsion and its applications ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Li, HAN Fu, XU Bao-cai 2014, 44 (7):  370-374.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.082 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (916KB) ( 618 )   The classification and its parameters for discrimination of surfactant micro-emulsion were introduced.Differences of properties with conventional emulsion were compared.Formation and concerning theoretical conceptions of the surfactant micro-emulsion were described.Applications of the surfactant micro-emulsion in the fields of cosmetics,medicament and oil extraction equipment were summarized.Finally,their development outlooks were prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Synthesis of oil-displacing agent sulfonated polyacrylamide and performance of its aqueous solutions YANG Xue, WANG Jiang-hong, LU Qiong 2014, 44 (7):  375-378.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.083 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (814KB) ( 309 )   Copolymer acrylamide/2-acrylamide-2-methyl propylsulfonate was synthesized by using acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as starting materials,and adopting high/low temperature two-step initiating method,with a complex initiator system which composed of NaHSO3-K2S2O8 and azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride (AIBA).Factors that affect the apparent viscosity of the product,such as mass fraction of reacting monomers,mass fraction of initiator,temperature,pH,ratio of monomers,ratio of initiator et al were studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal designed experiment.The optimal preparation conditions of polymers were screened as:monomer mass fraction,25%;initiator mass fraction,0.015%;initiation temperature,10 ℃;pH,7;m(AM):m(AMPS)=5:1;m(K2S2O8):m(NaHSO3)=2:1;m(NaHSO3-K2S2O8):m(AIBA)=1:1;initiating time,1.5 h.Temperature tolerance,salt resistance and thermal stability evaluation experiment results showed that the AM/AMPS copolymer product acts good comprehensive performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of application performances of α-long-chain betaine in soap products WANG Ze-yun 2014, 44 (7):  379-382.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.084 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (800KB) ( 520 )   The application performances of α-long-chain (C10,C14) betaine in soap products were studied.Results indicated that,wetting power and resistance to hard water of soap products which blended with α-long-chain (C10,C14) betaine are improved significantly,and skin irritation is obviously reduced,but the foaming power acts no significant change. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of polyglycerol with loop reactor GENG Er-huan, SUN Yong-qiang, SUN Jin-yuan, ZHANG Yong, Martino Di Serio 2014, 44 (7):  383-386.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.085 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (870KB) ( 419 )   Polyglycerol was prepared in a loop reactor with industrial grade glycerol as starting material and catalyst self-made in laboratory.The free glycerol content and hydroxyl value of the product were measured to determine the conversion of glycerol and the average degree of polymerization,respectively.The effects of reaction temperature,dosage of catalyst and the operating pressure on glycerol conversion and degree of polymerization were investigated.The optimal process conditions were identified as:reaction temperature,240 ℃;dosage of catalyst,2.0%;operating pressure,0.2-0.3 MPa.The conversion of glycerol could reach 99% and the polymerization degree of the product obtained is higher than 20. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of EU-1 zeolite without use of sodium hydroxide and its catalytic performance ZHANG Yan-ting, LI Xiao-feng, JIA Miao-juan, JING Chao, SUN Xiao-tao, DOU Tao 2014, 44 (7):  387-389.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.086 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (1462KB) ( 450 )   EU-1 zeolites were successfully synthesized with three different alkali sources[tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH),tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)].Structure of the product samples obtained were characterized by XRD,SEM,NH3-TPD and BET methods.Their catalytic performance was evaluated through xylene isomerization reaction.The results showed that as comparing with the process that adopting NaOH as alkali source,the process adopting TMAOH or TEAOH can produce ammonium type EU-1 zeolite in one step.Particle size of the product obtained from the process adopting TEAOH as alkali source is in range of 200-500 nm,and its specific surface area achieves as high as 390.2 m2·g-1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and performance of cationic sesbania gum LI Dong-hu, CAO Guang-qun, DONG Wei 2014, 44 (7):  390-393.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.087 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (892KB) ( 325 )   Cationic sesbania gum (CSG) was synthesized by sesbania gum (SG) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPAC) as starting materials with sodium hydroxide as catalyst.The reaction was performed in isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution.Main factors that affect the substitution degree of CSG were investigated.The optimum reaction conditions are as follows:n(NaOH)/n(SG),0.4;n(CHPAC)/n(SG),0.5;alkalization temperature,20 ℃;alkalization time,50 min;etherification temperature,50 ℃;etherification time,4 h.Under these conditions the substitution degree of CSG achieves 0.45.CSG product was formulated into shampoo and the test results show excellent combing performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Moisturizing performance and whitening efficacy of sericin enzymatic hydrolysis product JIN Chun-ping, YANG Ming-ying, ZHU Liang-jun 2014, 44 (7):  394-397.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.088 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (906KB) ( 443 )   Functions of sericin and its enzymatic hydrolysis product (sericin peptide) were studied as the object.Moisturizing performance of sericin peptides with different molecular weight as well as their skin whitening efficacy was measured and determined.Results showed that moisturizing performance of sericin peptide with mass fraction of 5% is better than that of glycerol within time period of 0-14 h;while moisturizing performance of sericin peptide with mass fraction of 10% and 15% can achieve an extent higher than 80%.Further,test result showed that the sericin peptide displays certain skin whitening efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on liposome for encapsulating VE LIU Ben-na, XU Hu-jun, LI Fang-fang, MAO Jian-ming 2014, 44 (7):  398-401.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.089 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (933KB) ( 331 )   Preparation of liposome for encapsulating VE was conducted under assistance of ultrasonic wave.Extent of encapsulation and particle size were taken as evaluation criteria.Via single factor experiments,relatively better conditions were identified.Mass ratio of the ingredients is:m(soybean lecithin):m(VE):m(cholesterol):m(polyvinyl alcohol)=6:3:3:2.Volume ratio of solvents is:V(chloroform):V(water)=1:3.The mass fraction of VE is 8.8% in system.Ultrasonic treatment time is 2 min.Extent of encapsulation achieves 86.8% with particle size of 62.9 nm under above conditions,and the shape of the liposome product is round balls.Suitable temperature for storing the liposome product is recommended as 4 ℃. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Progress in research work with respect to modified starch used for cosmetics WANG Wen, HUANG Ji-hong, YOU Qian-qian, FENG Jun-wei, SU Xue-feng, YANG Ming-qian 2014, 44 (7):  402-405.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.090 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (813KB) ( 661 )   Progress in research work with respect to modified starch used for cosmetics was reviewed.Preparation methods for modified starch were focused.Main characteristics of modified starch and its benefits for application in cosmetics were described,and the future development trend of modified starch used in cosmetics was forecasted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Detection of chlorogenic acid in toothpaste by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry MA Xiao-fei, SONG Wei, LIANG Tian-zuo, JIA Zhen-guo, FENG Hao-bin, ZHANG Yan 2014, 44 (7):  406-409.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.091 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (830KB) ( 340 )   A comprehensive method for detection of chlorogenic acid in toothpaste was established with liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTRAP-MS/MS).The samples were extracted under ultrasonic assistance.The separation was carried out on a Kinetex C 18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6 μm) using mobile phases of methanol-0.1% formic acid solution as eluant.A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in negative mode as survey scan and an enhanced production (EPI) scan as dependent scan in an information-dependent acquisition (IDA) experiment was adopted in mass spectrometry acquisition.External standard was employed for the quantification.Test results showed that content of the chlorogenic acid displays good linearity within 1.0～100 μg·L-1 vs.the peak area of the chromatogram with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999 6.The limit of detection for the chlorogenic acid is 10.0 μg·kg-1.The mean recoveries at the three spiked levels are 85.6%~96.6%,and the relative standard deviations are not higher than 5.8%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of sulfite content in toothpaste by ion chromatography GUO Chang-hong, XIA Ze-min, TAN Jian-hua, LI Hui-yong, XI Shao-feng, WANG Ji-cai, XIONG Xiao-ting, ZHAO Tian-tian 2014, 44 (7):  410-412.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.092 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (796KB) ( 314 )   A method was established for the determination of sulfite content in toothpaste by ion chromatography.With formaldehyde solution as stabilizing agent of SO2-3,samples were extracted with 10 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution and were separated on a Metrosep Supp 5-250 chromatographic column using solution of V(3.2 mmol·L-1 Na2CO3+1.0 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3):V(acetone)=88:12 as the eluent.The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1 and the injection volume was 20 μL.With this method,range with good linearity for sulfite was 0.10~10 mg·L-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 9.The recoveries,relative standard deviations and detection limits were 84.7%-90.1%,1.06%-3.18% and 5 mg·kg-1 respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Production and processes

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Comparison of laundry performance of front load washing machine and top load washing machine WANG Yan-fei 2014, 44 (7):  413-416.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.07.093 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (949KB) ( 458 )   Based upon results of full-scale washing test method for detergency evaluation,differences of detergency performance on technical stain swatches obtained from front load washing machine and top load washing machine were compared.The test results indicated that the front load washing machine takes a longer operating time duration while consumes less water about 1/3 of that of the top load washing machine.Under same conditions such as detergent mass concentration and operating temperature,the detergency displayed by the front load washing machine is significantly higher than that by the top load washing machine.Longer main washing cycle of the front load washing machine is beneficial to bring action of ingredients of the detergent into full play. References | Related Articles | Metrics