Table of Content

22 November 2024, Volume 54 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Hydration transformation behaviors of CO2 and excellent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cell Wanping Zhang, Yiting Gu, Xuyan Li, Zhiyong Sun, Chunhong Wei, Dongmei Zhang 2024, 54 (11):  1289-1297.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.001 Abstract ( 1919 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 73 )   Skin care products with carbonic acid （H2CO3） have gained extensive attention worldwide. However, the conversion of CO2 to H2CO3 is not stable, and the mechanism of the effect of H2CO3 on skin care has not been clearly proved. The hydration-dissolution behaviors of CO2 were investigated under different temperature, pH, and pressure conditions. Moreover, based on the phenomenon of CO2 hydration transformation, the inflammatory effect of CO2 hydrate on macrophages （RAW 264.7） was investigated. The result shows that the increase in temperature weakened the hydration of CO2, and the increase in pH and pressure both promoted the water-phase transformation of CO2. When pH<6, CO2 reacts with water to generate H2CO3. When pH was between 6-7, the prompt solution was a mixture of H2CO3 and HCO3-. When the pH was between 7-9, they mainly generated HCO3-. And when pH>9, CO2 solubility mainly converts to CO32-. Besides, CO2 can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors by RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the p38 protein. CO2 hydrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of CO2 hydration inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38. The hydration-dissolution behavior of CO2 was investigated. This work revealed the anti-inflammatory bioeffect of CO2 hydrate, providing a theoretical basis and application support for CO2 skin care products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅺ）Highly branched, high concentration-low viscosity plant polysaccharides: arabic gum Yimo Zhao, Jialin Wang, Fang Wu, Haiping Xiong, Pengcheng Xue, Jinshi Fan 2024, 54 (11):  1298-1306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.002 Abstract ( 1338 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (2066KB) ( 44 )   Arabic gum is one kind of natural plant gum derived from Acacia sengal （L.） Willdenow and other related tree species, characterized by its highly branched structure and complex composition. Arabic gum possesses excellent water solubility, thickening property, emulsifying ability, and stability properties, as well as safe, non-toxic nature, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Moreover, both its physicochemical properties and functional performance can be further improved by conducting physical, chemical, enzymatic treatments and blending/composite processing with the active functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and glycosidic bonds, in the arabic gum molecular structure. As a result, arabic gum, its modified products and composites have been widely used in various industries, including daily-use chemical industry, food processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, printing and dyeing industry, ink industry, and functional materials manufacturing industry. In this paper, the name, source, chemical structure, main physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of arabic gum are briefly introduced. Its extraction methods and reprocessing techniques are also systematically presented. Furthermore, the application status of arabic gum and its modified products, its composites, as well as the main issues currently faced by them are together summarized. Meanwhile, some future research and development directions and prospects of arabic gum are properly pointed out. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Experimental research of inorganic composite deep profile control and oil displacement agent for offshore high water cut oil fields Meng Yu, Guorui Xu, Xiang Li, Yufei Zheng, Xuan Feng, Jinzhou Yang, Fenggang Liu 2024, 54 (11):  1307-1312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.003 Abstract ( 1907 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1429KB) ( 64 )   An environmentally friendly inorganic composite deep profile control and oil displacement agent was prepared for those offshore high water cut oil fields with formation water containing sodium bicarbonate. Sodium silicate and calcium chloride were used as the main agents, while polycarboxylic acid dispersant and emulsion polymer were used as assistants. The effects of the type of polycarboxylic acid dispersant and the mass concentration of emulsion polymer on the performance of the deep profile control and oil displacement agent were studied. The results showed that when the acid-ether ratio of the polycarboxylic acid dispersant was 3.7 and its molecular weight was 23 800, the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance from polycarboxylic acid dispersant and inorganic particles achieved an effective dispersing effect. Combined with low concentration of emulsion polymer （500 mg/L）, the formulated inorganic composite deep profile control and oil displacement system could enhance the viscosity and strength of the system, and the initial viscosity was increased from 1.1 mPa·s to 5.4 mPa·s. The results showed that this inorganic composite deep profile control and oil displacement agent could increase the flow resistance, with a plugging rate of 82.3%. It could achieve online injection and had the characteristics of rapid dispersing, deep profile control and oil displacement, and low cost. This inorganic composite deep profile control and oil displacement agent had application value in high water cut oil fields. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recombinant human calreticulin promotes hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia mice Gaiying He, Shoubiao Wu, Shutao Liu, Dongdong Wei, Junsheng Cui, Yi Wang 2024, 54 (11):  1313-1319.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.004 Abstract ( 1331 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (2705KB) ( 40 )   Androgenetic alopecia （AGA） is the most common type of hair loss and is usually caused by multiple factors. AGA is characterized by progressive miniaturization of hair follicles, shortened anagen phase, prolonged telogen phase, and the decrease of hair density. We studied the role of recombinant human calreticulin （rh-CRT） in promoting hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia （AGA） mice. Hair regeneration was assessed by observing the overall and local appearance of the hair at different time points, the melanin index of the skin was observed by color tester, the change of hair diameter was detected by dermatoscopy, the change of the hair cuticle was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the thickness of the skin and the dermal white adipose, and the number of hair follicles were further observed by HE staining. The results reveal that rh-CRT promotes hair regeneration, increases melanin index, significantly improves the diameters of coarse and fine hairs in AGA mice, and repairs the damaged hair cuticle induced by testosterone（TES）. In addition, it is demonstrated that rh-CRT significantly promotes the number of hair follicles and the thickness of the skin and dermal white adipose in AGA mice. The results suggest that rh-CRT promotes the regeneration of hair in AGA mice, which has important application value in hair regeneration products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and evaluation of the liquid crystal emulsion based on wax ester emulsifier Linghua Shen, Vincent Hubiche, Paula Lennon, Jie Zhuang, Jin Zhang, Qianjie Zhang, Wanping Zhang 2024, 54 (11):  1320-1329.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.005 Abstract ( 1793 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (8722KB) ( 59 )   The influences of preparation technology and formula composition （oils, polyols, rheological regulators and ionic components） on the formation of liquid crystal structure in the emulsion stabilized with wax ester emulsifier were systematically studied, and the application performance of the liquid crystal emulsion was also tested. The experimental results showed that the one-pot method was more conducive to the formation of liquid crystal structure of the emulsion system. The emulsifier had good compatibility with vegetable oil and good emulsifying ability. For plant-origin oils, the smaller the interfacial tension between oil and water, the better the emulsifying effect and the more conducive to the formation of liquid crystal structure. The addition of glycerol could maintain the original excellent liquid crystal structure and stability of the system, but 1,3-butanediol would disrupt the molecular arrangement in the interfacial layer due to the hydrated groups formed by hydrogen bonding with water, thus reducing the integrity and stability of the liquid crystal structure of the system; the addition of ionic components could significantly enhance the liquid crystal structure of the system by increasing the compactness of the arrangement of emulsifiers; the addition of natural rheological regulators, such as AX and Tara, could enhance the high-temperature stability of the liquid crystal structure of the system, while Carbopol® type could enhance its low-temperature stability. Meanwhile, by study of the application performance of liquid crystal emulsion, it was found that the liquid crystal emulsion prepared with wax ester emulsifier had better moisturizing performance than the ordinary structured emulsion, and had certain slow-release effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Au NPs/Cu-TCPP material and its performance in catalytic oxidation of menthol Shiye Li, Jian Zhang, Jie Wang, Chao Yang, Jin Zhang, Shixing Cheng 2024, 54 (11):  1330-1338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.006 Abstract ( 42 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1984KB) ( 35 )   Two-dimensional nanosheets have the characteristics of large specific surface area and high porosity, which allow them to support more active centers, thus improving the catalytic performance of the material. For example, Cu-TCPP nanosheets have large specific surface area and can be loaded with Pd nanoparticles （NPs）, Pt NPs and Au NPs to obtain X NPs/Cu-TCPP nanosheets （X=Pd NPs, Pt NPs and Au NPs）. In this work, Cu-TCPP nanosheets were synthesized by hydrothermal method, in which Cu（NO3） 2·3H2O was used as the metal salt, TCPP （4-carboxyporphyrin） was used as the organic ligand, and a mixed solution of DMF and CH3CH2OH （VDMF/VCH3CH2OH=3∶1） was used as the solvent. Then Au NPs were loaded onto Cu-TCPP nanosheets by reduction method to form Au NPs/Cu-TCPP nanosheets, which were employed to catalyze the selective oxidation of menthol. In the reaction, with tert-butyl hydroperoxide （TBHP） as oxidant, acetonitrile （MeCN） as solvent, and the amino acid imidazolium ionic liquid [C4mim]Cys as cocatalyst, Au NPs/Cu-TCPP catalyzed the selective oxidation of menthol to obtain menthone. After reacting at 50 ℃ for 18 h, the conversion of menthol was up to 70.2%, the selectivity and yield of menthone could reach 99.9% and 69.5%. This method not only highly selectively convert menthol to menthone, but also was easy to operate and environmentally friendly, which could meet the current development requirements of the green chemical industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of submicron titanium dioxide based efficient UV shielding composites Xin Wu, Shixiang Zuo, Yaoyao Yu, Xiaomin Sun, Yue Cai, Chao Yao 2024, 54 (11):  1339-1346.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.007 Abstract ( 52 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (2551KB) ( 31 )   In this study, a sub-micron flower-like titanium dioxide was first prepared, followed by inorganic and organic surface treatment to prepare TiO2 /Al（OH） 3 /SS composite （TAS）. Finally, the surface of TAS was coated with curcumin （Cur）, a natural sunscreen, to obtain the final product-TASC composite. The samples were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, TEM, FT-IR and water contact angle. The results show that Al（OH） 3, SS and Cur are all coated on the TiO2 surface in the form of amorphous state and physical adsorption, and the suitable coating amounts of the three are 8%, 8% and 6%, respectively. The UV shielding ability of TASC is much stronger than that of the commercial submicron TiO2 （CR-50） and close to the level of the commercial nano TiO2 （626B）. In addition, compared with TAS, TASC composite also has strong oxidation resistance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of snow chrysanthemum and Aloe vera alcoholic extract on photodamage of skin in mice caused by UVB Yang Li, Youhang Shi, Qingyao Lv, Hongyan Jiao, Shirong Jiao 2024, 54 (11):  1347-1354.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.008 Abstract ( 58 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1744KB) ( 33 )   Snow chrysanthemum and Aloe vera have great potential to protect the skin from photodamage. In this paper, we investigated the protective effects of ethanolic extracts of snow chrysanthemum and Aloe vera against outdoor UVB-induced skin photodamage in mice. According to the experimental requirements, the mice were divided into a normal control group （NC group）, a model control group （MC group）, a snow chrysanthemum alcoholic extract group （SCAE group）, a Aloe vera alcoholic extract group （AVAE group）, and a snow chrysanthemum and Aloe vera alcoholic extract group （SCAE+AVAE group）. In order to reveal the protective mechanism of alcoholic extract against photodamage in mouse skin, antioxidant indexes, hydroxyproline （HYP） content and serum-associated inflammatory factors in damaged skin were determined in mice. The results show that all three intervention groups significantly improve UVB-induced skin appearance in mice compared to the MC group. By hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE）, it indicates that the SCAE+AVAE and SCAE are more effective than the AVAE, and the mice have healthier and more elastic skin. The three intervention groups also reduce UVB-induced oxidative stress damage in mice skin, and the malondialdehyde （MDA） content of the SCAE+AVAE group is only （28.18±4.25） nmol/mgprot, which is significantly lower than that of the other groups. The activities of three antioxidant enzymes: catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） are also significantly higher in the SCAE+AVAE group. The SCAE+AVAE group is more effective than the alcoholic extract alone group, and the HYP content reaches （4.12±0.18） μg/mg. All three intervention groups can down-regulate the content of inflammatory factors and inhibit the inflammatory response, among which the SCAE+AVAE group is more effective. And the application of SCAE+AVAE reduces the activities of interleukin-1 （IL-1）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） by 38.93%, 43.31% and 46.34%, respectively. Notably, the effect of the combined extracts is much greater than that of the extracts singly at the same dose. This study reveals the synergistic protective effect of SCAE+AVAE in the treatment of UV-induced photodamage, which is promising for skin care and cosmetic applications. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate promotes skin repair by regulating macrophage polarization Xuewen Wang, Hui Liu, Qian Wang, Suzhen Yang, Fei Liu 2024, 54 (11):  1355-1361.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.009 Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1705KB) ( 48 )   The research aimed to study the mechanism of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate in promoting skin repair and its relationship with inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory model of mouse monocyte macrophage （RAW264.7） induced by LPS was treated with different mass fractions of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, and the expressions of TLR2 and CD163 on the surface of RAW264.7 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The results show that dipotassium glycyrrhizinate inhibits the expression of TLR2 on the cell membrane and promotes the expression of CD163, indicating that dipotassium glycyrrhizinate inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages and promotes the M2 polarization. It is confirmed by immunofluorescence that dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can prevent M1 polarization by inhibiting the production of ROS in macrophages. By detecting the NO content and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10, the inflammatory factors and mediators related to M1/M2 polarization were studied. Among them, the contents of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 decrease, while the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 increase, which prove that dipotassium glycyrrhizinate regulates LPS-induced M1 polarization of macrophages and promotes the secretion of M2 polarization marker protein. In order to study the mechanism of promoting skin repair by dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the scratch and proliferation experiments of HaCaT human keratinocytes （HaCaT） were carried out with different mass fractions of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate and the culture medium of RAW264.7 cells treated with dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The results confirm that dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells, but can not directly promote the migration of HaCaT cells. However, it can promote the migration and proliferation of HaCaT cells by regulating the polarization of RAW264.7 cells. To sum up, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can improve the M1 polarization of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, regulate the secretion of inflammatory factors, and promote the migration of HaCaT cells and skin repair. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and analysis on the performance of a laundry companion as fabric softener Yixin Feng, Jiahong Ye, Jiali Weng, Jiali Wang, Yan Li, Lei Zhang 2024, 54 (11):  1362-1367.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.010 Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1832KB) ( 26 )   By testing the fabric-care performance of a laundry companion which was a new fabric softener and how to use it, the data support for marketing this type of products was provided. The detergency, antistatic property, rewetting, tactile softness and stability were tested. The advantages of the laundry companion in fabric care and the influence of synchronous detergent addition on the detergency for washing were comprehensively evaluated. The detersive ratios for the three soiled cloths all reached 1.0 if the new fabric softener and laundry liquid were simultaneously added, which could meet the industrial standard of laundry liquid products. After treatment with the laundry companion, the logarithm of surface specific resistance （∆lg ρs） which represented the antistatic property of the fabric, was decreased by 4.0, the rewettability as measured by “capillary effect time” reached 20 s, and the average score for evaluation of tactile softness given by 20 testers was 4.3 points （5 points for full marks）. Compared with the fabric treated with commercial fabric softener, the properties of the one treated with laundry companion were significantly improved, indicative of good fabric-softening ability. Compared with conventional fabric softeners, this laundry companion had a simpler method of use and had obvious advantages in fabric softening. This work could add new impetus to the continuous innovation of products in laundry industry, and also provide a reference for the development of the industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the whitening effect and antioxidation of isoastilbin Hui Liu, Fang Liu 2024, 54 (11):  1368-1374.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.011 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 38 )   The study aimed to reveal the whitening effect and antioxidant effect of isoastilbin （ISO）. In this study, a mouse model of skin photoaging （SP） induced by ultraviolet B （UVB） was established. Three doses （1, 2, 4 mg/cm2）of isoastilbin were administered transcutaneously in mice. After 8 weeks of treatment, the water content of mouse epidermis was detected. The morphology of epidermis and dermis was observed by HE staining and Masson trichrome staining. The levels of skin oxidative stress indicators （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA）） were measured according to the instructions of the kit. The content of melanin in skin was detected by NaOH lysis method. The activity of tyrosinase （TYR） in the skin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1（MMP-1） and Collagen I were detected by RT-qPCT. The protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） in the skin cells was detected by Western blotting. The results show that isoastilbin increases the water content of epidermis, decreases the thickness of epidermis, reduces the degeneration of collagen fibers, decreases the relative expression of mRNA of MMP-1, increases the relative expression of mRNA of Collagen I, increases the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, decreases the content of MDA, increases the relative expression of nuclear Nrf2 and decreases the content of melanin and TYR in SP mice induced by UVB in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. This study shows that isoastilbin can reduce UVB-induced SP in mice and has a whitening effect, which is related to the improvement of skin antioxidant capacity and the decrease of melanin content and TYR activity. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the repair performance of fish collagen peptides based on the UVA induced fibroblast photodamage model Chunhong Pu, Rongchang Wang, Zhongjie Hua, Jiachan Zhang, Chao Chen 2024, 54 (11):  1375-1381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.012 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1319KB) ( 50 )   Fish collagen peptides （FCPs） represent a class of polypeptide mixtures endowed with diverse bioactive functions. Recent studies indicate that orally administered fish collagen peptides can effectively and safely impact the skin, exhibiting benefits such as antioxidation, inhibition of melanin formation, delayed aging, and resistance to photoaging. However, research comprehensively evaluating the efficacy of fish collagen peptides at the cellular level is relatively scarce. This study established a UVA-induced photodamaged human skin fibroblast model to investigate the impact of collagen peptides on the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts from both cellular morphology and viability perspectives. Additionally, alterations in hyaluronic acid, type Ⅰ collagen, elastin content, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed after treating cells with different samples. Through a comprehensive examination encompassing morphology, cell viability, and crucial metabolic substances, the photodamage repair effect of fish collagen peptides were comprehensively evaluated. This research provides experimental data support for oral collagen peptides in the field of skin photodamage repair, laying the groundwork for the development and application of novel functional foods and collagen products in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Efficacy assessment for skin microecology/microbiome-modulating cosmetics Yumei Zheng, Rong Hu, Wenhai Wu, Liya Song, Wen Wang 2024, 54 (11):  1382-1390.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.013 Abstract ( 955 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 949 )   The in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods of microecological skin care products were summarized. Cosmetics can regulate skin microecological balance by directly changing the number, growth metabolism, community structure, and population effect of skin microorganisms, or by regulating skin immune response and improving skin physiological function. The number, growth and metabolism level, population effect of skin microorganisms and skin immune response status are often evaluated by in vitro method. Skin microbial diversity, community structure, and skin physiological state are often tested by human methods, combined with high-throughput sequencing technologies such as 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, ITS amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Different evaluation methods have different dimensions and advantages. The in vitro method is more targeted and the test conditions are easy to control, but the model is too simple and lack of activity. In contrast, clinical trials are more holistic and in line with real use scenarios, but it is difficult to qualitative analyze the complex causal relationship among individuals, product use and microbiome changes. In the process of efficacy evaluation, the combination of in vitro and in vivo can complement the limitations of different evaluation methods to a certain extent, and can provide a more complete evidence chain for the efficacy evaluation of products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Visual detection of the disinfection effect of disinfectants by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with propidium monoazide Yuanyuan Liang, Qiqi Xia, Qili Yang, Xinyi Xu, Zhinan Zhou, Pengpeng Liu 2024, 54 (11):  1391-1396.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.014 Abstract ( 47 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1540KB) ( 19 )   For visual detection of the disinfection effect of disinfectant products, a new method combining propidium monoazide （PMA, a dye） with loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） was established. Five commercial disinfection products with different ingredients were randomly selected in this research. Glass slides covered with bacteria were freshly prepared before use. After disinfection treatment by the disinfection products, the bacteria solutions were collected and then treated with PMA separately. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from the bacterial solutions. Subsequently, gDNA was used as template for LAMP and real-time PCR for amplification of fecA gene of Escherichia coli and 16S rRNA which universally existed in bacteria. Meanwhile, by adding calcein to the reaction system, the disinfection effect could be determined. The color change from fluorescent green to light orange in reaction tube could be observed by naked eyes. Excluding the step of disinfection treatment, the detection procedure could be completed within 45 min. Compared with PMA-qPCR, PMA-LAMP had the advantages of easy to operate, more sensitive, faster in detection, and no need of precise temperature-controlling instruments. For testing the disinfection effects of actual disinfection products, the results of PMA-LAMP were basically consistent with those of the standard method （refer to Technical Standard for Disinfection （2002 edition））, with a deviation within±0.5 between the two methods. The newly established PMA-LAMP method had good application prospect in field experiments. It would provide technical support for performance evaluation of disinfection products and market supervision. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the using status of preservatives in toothpastes based on HPLC Liangyu Zhang, Haiying Yu, Silong Li, Yaqi Jiang, Weijian Wang, Qiyan Li, Junjie Li 2024, 54 (11):  1397-1404.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.015 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 37 )   Based on high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method under the item “Test Methods for Preservatives in Cosmetics” revised by the National Medical Products Administration Announcement No. 17 of 2021, the sample pretreatment condition was optimized, and 33 preservatives in 160 batches of toothpastes randomly selected from the market were tested. The detection results were subjected to multidimensional statistical analysis to understand the using status of preservatives in toothpastes, as well as the accuracy and authenticity of the labels, in order to accumulate data for the safety assessment and scientific supervision of preservatives in toothpastes. The results show that the optimized pretreatment condition is suitable for the extraction of preservatives from toothpastes, and the recovery rate is good. The samples produced from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces are the most, accounting for 54% of the total samples. A total of 13 preservatives are detected in 160 batches of toothpastes, among which benzoic acid and its sodium salt has the highest detection rate, reaching 35.0%. The amount of preservatives added in different toothpastes varies greatly. The highest detected value is benzoic acid and its sodium salt, with a content of 0.44%; and the lowest detected value is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its sodium salt, with a content of only 0.000 57%. One type of the preservatives is detected in 38.1% of the samples, while two or more types of preservatives are detected in 34.4% of the samples. The detection results of 61 batches of the toothpastes are inconsistent with the labels, among which the majority of the preservatives not indicated on labels are detected, that will pose certain safety risks. It is recommended to pay continuous attention to the quality and safety of toothpastes in the future work, strengthen the supervision of toothpastes, and urge enterprises to standardize production. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics