Table of Content

22 January 2023, Volume 53 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Synthesis and properties of low-foaming surfactant AMEO Wang Wenjie, Sun Yongqiang, Zhou Jingjie, Sun Jinyuan, Liang Huibin, Liu Yuqi 2023, 53 (1):  1-7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.001 Abstract ( 261 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1399KB) ( 224 )   A series of low-foaming surfactants with different oxyethylene content, i.e., H（OCH2CH2） xOCH2CH2NHOC（CH2） 7 CONHCH2CH2O（CH2CH2O） yH （AMEO-p, p=30, 40, 50, 60 and 70）, were synthesized by ethoxylation reaction. The target product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the actual oxyethylene content was determined which was found to be in agreement with the theoretical oxyethylene content. The application properties such as wettability, detergency and foaming performance of AMEO-p were tested, and AMEO-50 was preferably selected due to its good wettability, strong detergency and low foam. The surface activity and physical and chemical properties were systematically studied. The results showed that, the relative stain removal ratio of AMEO-50 could reach 0.91 for carbon black stained cloths and 0.67 for sebum-stained cloths, and the critical micelle concentration of AMEO-50 was 0.5 g/L, at which the surface tension was 31.21 mN/m. The increase in concentration resulted in a shorter equilibrium time for the dynamic surface tension and a faster rate of surface tension reduction. In addition, AMEO-50 was miscible with water in any mixing ratio, it had high cloud point and low freezing point, it had no gel phase area, and it was a low-foaming surfactant that could be used in the formulation of ultra-concentrated detergent products with a wide range of application temperature. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Scientific foundations of hair and scalp care （I） Effects of moisture on the properties of hair and the study on moisturizing efficacy Wu Yuwen, Ma Ling, Chen Timson, Chang Kuan, Wang Jing 2023, 53 (1):  8-15.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.002 Abstract ( 645 )   HTML ( 33 )   PDF (1486KB) ( 415 )   Moisture is important for hair. Water molecules exist in the hair in different states through the interactions with keratin. The water content and its existing form will directly affect some properties of hair, and the damage of the hair will also affect the internal moisture of the hair. The health/damage status of the hair can be reflected by exploring the moisture content of hair and the existing status. Herein, the characterization methods of hair internal moisture content and storage state were reviewed. The meaning of hair water absorption/loss curve was elucidated. The relationships between hair moisture content and loss rate and hair properties were analyzed. Several kinds of hair moisturizers and their moisturizing mechanisms were introduced. This review may provide basis for the development and application of moisturizing ingredients in hair care products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Influence of emulsifiers and thickener on formation of low-viscosity liquid crystal emulsions Guo Fang 2023, 53 (1):  16-23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.003 Abstract ( 357 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (2211KB) ( 550 )   The effects of emulsifiers and thickeners on low-viscosity liquid crystal emulsions and their liquid crystal and ejection in binary aerosol propellants were studied, then the stability and ejection and liquid crystal of the low-viscosity emulsions were monitored by investigating their emulsifiers and thickener. Glycoside emulsifiers, alcohol ester emulsifiers and polyglycerol emulsifiers （single use and mixed use） were used to study their effects on emulsion viscosity and liquid crystal. Xanthan gum, Carbomer, Acrylates/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, and their combinations were used to study the effects on viscosity, the stability and ejection state of the emulsions. The results show that polyglycerol emulsifier is suitable for low-viscosity liquid crystal emulsions, in addition, it is more easily to pump out in binary aerosol propellants with large opening angle. The open angle of low-viscosity emulsions in binary aerosol propellants is wider when the viscosity is lower, however, it is very difficult to prepare low viscosity emulsions with good high temperature stability as well as excellent centrifugal stability. Thickeners play a very important role in stability. Low-viscosity and stable emulsions can be prepared by Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer combined with Xanthan gum. The liquid crystal emulsions have smaller particle size with compounding emulsifier and the formation of liquid crystals is beneficial to the stability of emulsions. When the low viscosity liquid crystal emulsion is applied to the body, the moisture content increases significantly, and the transepidermis water loss （TEWL） decreases significantly, which proves that the emulsion has good moisturizing and repairing effects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of high concentration ginsenoside Rg3 and its application in cosmetics Yan Shaowei, Gao Chang, Zuo Lina 2023, 53 (1):  24-31.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.004 Abstract ( 241 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1635KB) ( 332 )   Innovatively, a ginseng extract enriched with high concentration of ginsenoside Rg3 was prepared by screening suitable acid catalysts as well as acid content, hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time. The repair of H2O2-induced cell damage experiment and the inflammatory factor TNF-α release detection experiment were used to verify the cellular efficacy of ginseng extract rich in high concentration of ginsenoside Rg3. The skin trans epidermal water loss detection and 3D heme concentration detection were used to explore its cosmetics efficacy. The results of process optimization show that DL-tartaric acid is preferred as the acid catalyst. When the acid content is 5%, the hydrolysis temperature is 80 ℃, and the hydrolysis time is 2 h, the conversion efficiency of ginsenoside Rg3 is the highest, reaching 64.91 mg/g. The results of the repair of H2O2-induced cell damage experiment and the detection of the secretion of inflammatory factor TNF-α show that ginseng extract richen with high mass concentration of ginsenoside Rg3 at the dose of 6.25~100 μg/mL has the effect of repairing H2O2-induced cell damage and inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α with a dose-dependent relationship. The results of the human efficacy evaluation test show that compared with the placebo group, the experiment group with 0.5% ginseng extract reduces the skin transdermal water loss rate and heme content by 16.39% and 6.14%, respectively. It means that the high concentration ginsenoside Rg3 ginseng extract has a certain cosmetic efficacy of skin barrier repair and skin redness relieving. In general, ginseng extract with high concentration of ginsenoside Rg3 can be used as a safe and effective skin care raw material in the field of cosmetics, and has a good application prospect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of intense pulsed light irradiation on female facial lipids based on UPLC-QTOF-MS Hu Yiqiong, Ding Wenyu, Yu Xiaoqian, Tian Yan, He Congfen 2023, 53 (1):  32-40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.005 Abstract ( 158 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1445KB) ( 166 )   Intense pulsed light （IPL） is a continuous, multi-wavelength, incoherent broad-spectrum light with a wavelength of （500 to 1 200） nm. In this research, a total of 31 female volunteers at the age of 23.39±1.41 years were recruited to get half-face IPL irradiation at the Air Force Medical Center, PLA. Indexes as stratum corneum water content, transepidermal water loss （TEWL）, sebum content, pH value, erythema index and melanin index were observed and discussed, together with the analysis of facial skin surface lipid （SSL） conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MS） combined with OPLS-DA （Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis） mode based on samples prior of （PI） and after （AI, One week after IPL irradiation） IPL irradiation. The results indicate that water content of the stratum corneum （P=0.024） significantly increase in AI compared with PI. However, the remarkable decrease of melanin index （P<0.001） and erythema index （P<0.001） in AI is detected. And there are no sufficient changes in TEWL value, pH value, and sebum content. Additionally, a total of 1 704 lipids are detected and 60 different facial SSL lipids are further screened between PI and AI. Differential lipids are divided into 7 categories, of which 5 major types -[FA], [SP], [ST], [PR], [PK] are excessively degraded after IPL irradiation. The content of 16 subclass is significantly different between PI and AI, all of which are AI lower than PI. Ceramides （CERs） are the main differential lipids, and the content in AI is lower than PI. While the CERs levels are related to skin barrier damage. This provides new ideas for the development of lipid-added skincare products after IPL irradiation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of modified TiO2 nanomaterials and application performance analysis of sunscreen cosmetics Xu Jing, Fan Chunxia 2023, 53 (1):  41-46.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.006 Abstract ( 208 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1602KB) ( 197 )   SiO2-coated SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared by ultrasonic hydrolysis. The effects of different heat treatment temperatures on the properties of SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials were studied. It was found that the structure of SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials did not change, and they were all rutile-type TiO2. SiO2 was combined with TiO2 by bonding after SiO2 coating. The results of microscopic test showed that the SiO2/TiO2 materials were spherical particles with diameter of 1.5-2 μm, and the size was slightly increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature. Hydrophilic and lipophilic tests showed that the SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials had strong lipophilicity. The fading rate of methylene blue by SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials was lower than that of pure TiO2. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the fading rate first decreased and then increased. The fading rate of methylene blue by SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials treated at 550 ℃ was the lowest （18.7%）. The SiO2/TiO2 nanomaterials were introduced into sunscreen lotions, indicative of better UV shielding effect than pure TiO2. When the heat treatment temperature was 550 ℃, the transmittance of the composite material was the lowest and the UV shielding effect was the best. Overall, the SiO2/TiO2 composites coated with SiO2 had high potential of application in sunscreen cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy evaluation of ceramide complex on 3D full-thickness skin model under UV-induction Cai Zhuo, Lu Yuan, Wang Bingjie, Liu Qiaoyuan 2023, 53 (1):  47-53.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.007 Abstract ( 235 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2992KB) ( 262 )   In this study, a 3D full-thickness skin model with UV-induced damage was reconstructed to evaluated the effects of ceramide complex. Paraffin section immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the morphology of sample cells and tissues, detect the content changes of ECM protein such type I collagen, a number of late differentiation markers: filaggrin, claudin-1, LCE-1A as well as stress-related enzymes in the model. The results show that ceramide complex can significantly alleviate epidermal differentiation disorder, collagen loss, barrier damage and skin stress defense response caused by UV irradiation. Therefore, the complex reduces a series of negative effects caused by ultraviolet radiation on skin, which has a preventive and repair effect on skin from UV damage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial of Ocimum basilicum L. based on network pharmacology Sun Jinyue, Wu Nannan, Zhang Yu, He Huaming, He Congfen 2023, 53 (1):  54-61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.008 Abstract ( 179 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (12839KB) ( 98 )   Network pharmacology was used to explore the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial mechanism of basil, which was preliminarily verified by in vitro test. Through the relevant database, 18 compounds and 6 volatile oil components of basil are screened, and 521 action targets, 975 anti-inflammatory and antibacterial targets are obtained. The Venny 2.1 is used to make the Wayne diagram of the intersection of drugs and disease targets, and 88 basil anti-inflammatory and antibacterial targets are obtained. The protein-protein interaction PPI network is constructed and enriched by go and KEGG. According to the protein correlation degree, the core target involving TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 plays an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial role mainly through the signal pathways such as response to bacteria and response to lipopolysaccharide. In vitro, two inflammatory cell models of THP-1 induced by LPS and heat inactivated Cutibacterium acnes （C.a） were used to detect TNF in cells supplemented with different concentrations of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil （OBEO） by TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6 secretion. The results show that OBEO at a volume fraction of 0.025% is able to inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in both inflammatory injury models. And the inhibitory effect of OBEO on inactivated C.a caused inflammatory injury in THP-1 cells is significant, reducing the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by about 24%, 45%, and 13%, respectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect and mechanism of Pinus massoniana pine needle extract in human dermal papilla cells Wang Jiancheng, Xing Yan, Xu Ting, Wang Yue, Li Yongqiang, Zhang Limei 2023, 53 (1):  62-70.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.009 Abstract ( 187 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1388KB) ( 278 )   The effect and mechanism of Pinus massoniana pine needle extract on the activity of protecting human dermal papilla cells （HDP） were explored in this paper. The different extracts from pine needle were prepared with different solvents, and the content of active components was determined and analyzed by the corresponding determination method. HDP cells were induced by dihydrotestosterone（DHT）to establish androgenic alopecia cell model. CCK8 method was used to analyze the effect of pine needle extracts on the relative viability of the cells, and qPCR was adopted to investigate the effect of pine needle extract on regulating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway by detecting the relative expression of VEGF, TGF-β2, β-Catenin, and DVL1 genes. UPLC-QTOF/MS was used to identify the components of the pine needle extract. The results show that the 50% alcohol extract of pine needle can significantly improve the relative activity of HDP cells （P<0.05）, increase the expression of VEGF mRNA （P<0.05）, decrease TGF-β2 mRNA relative expression （P<0.01）, and promote the expression of DVL1 mRNA and β-Catenin mRNA expression in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway（P<0.05, P<0.01）. In addition, a total of 36 components are identified from the 50% alcohol extract of pine needle, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, and terpenes. Pinus massoniana pine needle extract has a protective effect on HDP cells, and its mechanism may be related to Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress on the interactions between surfactants and skin Li Qiang, Gong Shengzhao, Wan Yuepeng, Meng Xiao 2023, 53 (1):  71-78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.010 Abstract ( 416 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (1262KB) ( 411 )   Surfactants are the main cleaning ingredients in personal care and cleaning products, which may have diverse effects on the skin. The potential of surfactants in skin irritation is related to surfactant structure, concentration, exposure time/frequency, initial skin condition and other factors. During the cleaning process, oil, dirt, sweat and sebum are removed through the action of surfactants. Surfactants may interact with the surface of the epidermis causing denaturation of proteins and induce the elution and damage to the structure of the intercellular cement of stratum corneum. Consequently, consumers may experience a range of cutaneous symptoms including dry skin, burning sensation, and loss of skin elasticity. Meanwhile, as the surfactants penetrate into deeper skin layers, there will be a damaging effect on living cells such as keratinocytes and it leads to a local inflammatory response, causing the release of inflammatory mediators from cells. This process may result in topical skin lesions presenting as red skin, desquamation and erythema. This paper presented a review of literature on the interactions between surfactants and skin. The surfactant behavior in solution, the relationship between surfactant structure and skin irritation, and the interactions with skin lipids and living skin cells were discussed. The future development of methods for reducing skin irritation potential for household chemicals and body wash cosmetics was prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The research progress of next generation risk assessment in safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients Luo Feiya, Su Zhe, Huang Xianglu, Xing Shuxia, Sun Lei, Xu Mingdi, Lu Yong 2023, 53 (1):  79-85.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.011 Abstract ( 323 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1039KB) ( 250 )   Next Generation Risk Assessment （NGRA） is a new framework that an exposure-led, hypothesis-driven approach develops based on traditional risk assessment method. With the development of science and technology and the promotion of 3R principle, the safety evaluation and risk assessment methods of cosmetics are also improving worldwide. NGRA develops the risk assessment from focusing on hazard identification and relying on traditional animal test data for toxicity endpoints to evaluate the process of exposure by describing the mechanisms and characteristics of the disturbance of key events in adverse outcome pathways, using high-throughput screening and prediction tools to increase the efficiency of risk assessment. There are several articles reported some case studies of cosmetics ingredients applied by NGRA and helping to enhance the understanding of the mechanism and process of NGRA. In this study, it is systematically introduced the principles, framework, and evaluation tools of NGRA proposed by the International Cosmetics Regulatory Cooperation Organization （ICCR）, as well as the case studies of application NGRA in the safety assessment of cosmetics ingredients, to introduce this new safety assessment method. In addition, this study also puts forward the requirements for the safety evaluation of cosmetics ingredients in China, and points out the application prospect and technical challenges of NGRA. It is hoped to provide research ideas and reserves for improving our technical support capacity. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of graphic creative elements in cosmetic packaging visual image design Tian Yi 2023, 53 (1):  86-91.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.012 Abstract ( 194 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1487KB) ( 138 )   With the improvement of economic level, people’s living standards are also improving. Contemporary women begin to pursue spiritual satisfaction while meeting material needs. Women begin to pay more attention to their own skin management, and their demand for cosmetics also increases greatly. While pursuing the effect of cosmetics, contemporary women pay more attention to the sense of design of cosmetic packaging. Better outer packaging design can improve the product image of cosmetics. Therefore, the upgrading of cosmetic packaging design can improve the sales volume of cosmetics to a certain extent. Aiming at this phenomenon, this paper studied the application of graphic creative elements in the visual image design of cosmetic packaging. The application of graphic creative elements in cosmetics packaging is mainly to enhance and highlight the image of cosmetics. On this basis, this paper analyzes the current consumers’ psychology of purchasing cosmetics and the classification of graphic creative elements. The design usually includes lines, surfaces and three-dimensional space. After knowing the category of graphic creative elements, the application of graphic creative elements is studied. The design strategy includes graphic isomorphism, positive and negative graphics, variation and shadow, and in-depth analysis of the classification of graphic creative elements. An in-depth analysis of the strategy and application of graphic creative elements in packaging at this stage is made. Through these strategies, we can achieve a good visual image design effect on cosmetics packaging, make the visual communication effect of cosmetics more intuitive, stimulate consumers to generate the desire to buy the cosmetics, combine the artistic ideas that the brand wants to express, convey more accurate information to consumers, jump out of the restrictions of words, bring good visual experience effect and shopping experience to consumers, highlight the connotation and artistic value of cosmetics, improve the visual effect and artistic effect of cosmetics packaging, reflect high aesthetic art, and finally achieve the purpose of attracting consumers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on functional application of lignin nanoparticles Wang Chunyu, Wang Huijuan, Fan Shiqiang, Liu Yang 2023, 53 (1):  92-99.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.013 Abstract ( 258 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (2820KB) ( 228 )   Lignin is the second largest natural organic polymer compound in plants after cellulose, which has excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and antibacterial and antioxidative properties. The efficient utilization of lignin resources is of great significance to solve the problems of increasing shortage of fossil resources and environmental pollution. The emergence of lignin nanoparticles （LNPs） has opened up a new way for the development and application of high value-added lignin-based products, which combines the small size effect, surface effect and interface effect of nanomaterials with the excellent characteristics of lignin itself. LNPs have shown potential applications in many fields. Herein, the characteristics and principles of six preparation methods of LNPs were summarized, including self-assembly method, interfacial polymerization/crosslinking method, high shear homogenization method, ultrasonic method, microbial method and enzymatic method. The product composition and final product state of each method were also introduced. Then, the research progress on functional applications of LNPs in adsorbents, colorimetric probes and composite materials （composite films and composite hydrogels） was reviewed, and the development trend of LNPs was prospected to provide ideas for functional development of LNPs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of 27 sulfonamides in cosmetics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry He Liying, Jiang Fengbing 2023, 53 (1):  100-108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.014 Abstract ( 190 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1138KB) ( 190 )   The study aims to establish an analytical method for determination of 27 illegally added sulfonamides in cosmetics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted by methanol，and separated on Thermo Hypersil GOLD column （100×2.1 mm，1.9 μm）, 0.1%（V/V）acetic acid aqueous solution and 0.1%（V/V）acetic acid acetonitrile solution were used as mobile phases with gradient elution. The quantitative analysis of 27 sulfonamides were operated in the electrospray ionization positive/negative mode using multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The correlation coefficients of linear calibration curves are greater than 0.99 in the corresponding mass concentration ranges of the 27 sulfonamides. The average recoveries of the 27 sulfonamides at three spiked levels range from 79.3% to 112.2% with the relative standard deviations of 1.4%-13.1%（n=6）. The LODS （S/N≥3） and LOQS（S/N≥10） are 2.3-97.6 μg/kg and 7.7-322.0 μg/kg, respectively. The results show that this method is simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable. It is suitable for qualitative and quantitative screening analysis of the 27 sulfonamides in cosmetics simultaneously. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of five benzotriazole UV absorbers in cosmetics by ultrasonic extraction and high performance liquid chromatography Wang Lei, Wu Yue, Tian Dong 2023, 53 (1):  109-114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.015 Abstract ( 158 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1243KB) ( 172 )   A method for the determination of 2-（2-benzotriazolyl）-4-methylphenol（UV-P）, 2-benzotriazol-2-yl-4-（1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutyl）phenol（UV-329）, 2-tert-butyl-6-（5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl）-4-methylphenol（UV-326）, 2-（benzotriazol-2-yl）-4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-3-[methyl-bis（trimethylsilyloxy）silyl]propyl]phenol（DTTSO） and 2, 2-methylenebis[6-（2H-benzotriazol-2-yl）-4-（1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutyl）phenol]（UV-360） in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography was established. Watery cosmetics were dissolved in methanol/tetrahydrofuran, ultrasonically extracted, and filtered by microporous membrane for injection. Emulsion and cream cosmetics were prepared by methanol/tetrahydrofuran dissolution, vortex oscillation, ultrasonic extraction, and microporous membrane filtration injection. The target chemicals were separated on ZORBAX SC-C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）using 0.1% formic acid, methanol and tetrahydrofuran as mobile phases and detected at 340 nm and 23 ℃. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min and the injection volume was 5 μL. The results show that the five benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbents have a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of about 11-176 mg/L（R2≧0.999 4）, the detection limits are 6.72, 11.94, 13.80, 18.47 and 23.49 μg/L, respectively, the relative standard deviation is less than 1.7%（n=6）, and the average recovery rate is 93.7%-104.5%. The method is suitable for the determination of five benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbents in cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of active ingredients in Shanxiangyuan and establishment of quality standards for HPLC determination Liang Disi, Luo Huitai, Huang Fang, Li Qing 2023, 53 (1):  115-120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2023.01.016 Abstract ( 146 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1201KB) ( 135 )   The active ingredient Ligustrum lucidum in Shanxiangyuan was prepared and the quality standard was established based on high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The extraction conditions were optimized according to the yield of Ligustrum lucidum as the index, in which 70% ethanol was used as the solvent under pressure. The results showed that, the optimized extraction process was as follows: The solid-liquid ratio was 1∶30 （g∶mL）; the extraction temperature was 90 ℃; the extraction time was 2.0 h. The optimized purification process was as follows: The flow rate of extraction solvent was 1.0 mL/min; the flow rate of elution solvent was 2.0 BV/h; the elution solvent volume was 2.0 BV/h. In HPLC determination, C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） was used, mobile phase A was methanol, phase B was 0.5% phosphoric acid, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 360 nm, and the column temperature was room temperature. The results showed that, the linearity was good in the range of 0.309-39.126 μg/mL （r2=0.999 9）, the repeatability was RSD<4.0% （n=6）, the stability （within 24 h） was RSD<2.0% （n=6）, and the average spiked recoveries were 95%-105%. The preparation process of the active ingredients of Shan Xiang Yuan was simple, and the quality standard based on determination by HPLC method was simple, accurate and reproducible, which could provide an experimental basis for the quality control of the content of active ingredients in Shanxiangyuan in future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics