Table of Content

22 October 2022, Volume 52 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Enhancement of anti-melanogenic properties of lotus （Nelumbo nucifera） petals extract treated by Lactobacillus plantarum and its mechanism Zhao Shengnan,Guo Miaomiao,Cai Menghao,Hong Minhua,Lv Zhi,An Faliang 2022, 52 (10):  1029-1039.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.001 Abstract ( 375 )   HTML ( 34 )   PDF (2104KB) ( 313 )   Considering the growing evidence that microbial fermentation, as an optimum processing method, can improve the biological activity of herbal extracts in food and cosmetic additives fields. In recent years, owing to the unique aroma and pharmacological activity, lotus petals extract has been utilized in the preparation of cosmetic and food. However, none is available on the improvement of anti-melanogenic activity in the microorganism-fermented lotus petals extract （LPE）. Thus, in this study, it is hoped to enhance anti-melanogenic properties of lotus petals extract by using fermentation technology and clarify its mechanism of action. We screened five probiotics （L.plantarum CGMCC 1.124, L.fermentum DSMZ 20052, Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.943, B.natto CGMCC NO. 19463 and B.natto CGMCC NO. 19462） to ferment LPE with evaluating for their anti-melanogenic activity by mushroom tyrosinase and melanin formation inhibition assays, hoping to establish a new method to improve the anti-melanogenic activity of LPE. The results indicate that LPE fermented with L.plantarum CGMCC 1.124 （FLPE）, shows enhancement on anti-mushroom tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic activity in A-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanocytes. In particular, compared with A-MSH incubation alone, co-incubation with 50 μg/mL FLPE reduces the melanin production to 86%±4.6%. To determine the main effectors of the anti-melanogenesis of FLPE, primary flavonoids from LPE and FLPE were isolated and determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, nuclear magnetic resonance （1H NMR, 13C NMR） and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry （LC-MS） analyses. The results of structure analysis and bioactivity evaluation show that flavonoid glycosides kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （49.8%, 94.22 mg/g） and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide （13.6%） are bio-transformed to two bioactive aglycones, quercetin （14.4%, 26.43 mg/g） and kaempferol （60.9%, 70.76 mg/g）. Among these monomers, quercetin and kaempferol decrease the mushroom tyrosinase activity, but only quercetin shows anti-melanogenic activity by suppressing tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells, regulating the mRNA expressions of melanogenesis-related enzymes （TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2） and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor （MITF） and reducing the protein contents of TYR, TRP-1 and MITF in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that FLPE has a potential for skin whitening with quercetin as a functional compound. These results maybe contribute to developing healthy food and cosmetic, and expand the range of application of lotus petals. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant surfactant injection system for Jiyuan Oilfield Lu Xiaobing,Zheng Yancheng,Liu Xiaoning,Wang Wei,Lan Lefang 2022, 52 (10):  1040-1048.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.002 Abstract ( 199 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 347 )   The enhancement of oil recovery efficiency by water flooding has been restricted by the harsh conditions of the reservoirs （medium temperature, high salinity and low permeability） in Jiyuan Oilfield. Herein, a new type of anionic-nonionic surfactant, fatty alcohol ether sulfonate （DES）, was synthesized and compounded with an oleate amide betaine surfactant （HGC） that was derived from oleic acid. Thus, a flooding agent containing DES/HGC that could withstand high temperature and salinity was developed and systematically evaluated. The results confirmed the well temperature- and salt-resistance of the flooding agent. At a temperature range of 100-110 ℃ and salinity of 65.5 g/L, an ultra-low interfacial tension （~10-3 mN/m） between the oil and the surfactant solution was obtained. At 75 ℃, an interfacial tension of ~10-3 mN/m could also be reached when the salinity was above 120 g/L. The ultra-low interfacial tension level could still be maintained after being aged at 110 ℃ for 30 days; the dynamic adsorption of the system was weak, indicating that the adsorption loss of the surfactants in the formation was small; when 0.2 PV and 0.6 PV of flooding agent were injected into the core samples, the pressure of water flooding could be decreased by 18.39% and 30.54%, respectively. The field tests showed that the injection pressure of the water injection could be decreased by 3.0 MPa, and the cumulative injection of a single well was increased by 11 780 m3, indicative of remarkable effects of pressure reduction and injection increase. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Common cosmetic preparation technologies （Ⅳ） Powerful particulates: Powders Bao Jie,Feng Yun,Fan Jianru,Shi Jing,Xu Guiyun,Fan Jinshi 2022, 52 (10):  1049-1054.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.003 Abstract ( 408 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 487 )   Powder refers to the dry preparation made up of particulate matters or pressed fine granules, usually prepared by mixing, pulverizing the functional ingredients together with auxiliary excipients and appropriate additives. For a long time, powders have been widely used in medicine, pesticides, cosmetics, oral hygiene, fertilizers, printing ink, chemicals, materials, coating, fodder and other fields. Beyond question, the functions of powders are mainly determined by the properties of the key active ingredients, but the characteristics of the powder, such as particle size, particle shape, specific surface area, density, hygroscopicity and flowability, are also directly related to the actual effects of the powder. Herein, the characteristics, the production equipments and the production process of powders were introduced. Furthermore, some typical applications of powders in beauty cosmetics, whitening cosmetics, sunscreen cosmetics, facial masks, cosmeceuticals and oral hygiene products in recent years were introduced. Finally, several environmental, safety items during the production and use of powders were mentioned. The priorities in research and development, and the directions of development for powders in the future were also pointed out. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Study on the preparation of C16 Guerbet alcohol polyoxyalkylene ether sulfate and its interfacial properties Chen Qi,Ran Lijun,Chen Zhao,Cui Zhenggang 2022, 52 (10):  1055-1061.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.004 Abstract ( 192 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1217KB) ( 366 )   A new anionic-nonionic surfactant with branched hydrophobic group was prepared using C16 Guerbet alcohol by co-polymerization of propylene oxide （PO） and ethylene oxide （EO） followed by sulfation with aminosulfonic acid. This surfactant （C16GA-PES） shows excellent aqueous solubility, good tolerance to inorganic electrolytes such as sodium chloride （NaCl） and calcium chloride （CaCl2）, and good surface activity （cmc=1.15×10-6 mol/L）. When dissolved in Daqing formation water （pH=8-9） with a total salinity of 6 788 mg/L, including 23 mg/L Ca2+ and 31 mg/L Mg2+ at 45 ℃, the C16GA-PES solely can reduce the interfacial tension （IFT） between Daqing light crude oil and formation water to ultralow （<0.01 mN/m）; for the slightly heavy crude oil from the third type of reservoir in Daqing oilfield, ultralow IFT can be achieved by mixing the C16GA-PES with a small fraction of more hydrophobic surfactant, 1,3-didecyl glyceryl ether hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine （diC10GE-HSB）. The new surfactant adsorbs at the oil/water interface constituting a monolayer which has high alkyl chain density and a transition structure from strongly hydrophobic to weak hydrophobic-weak hydrophilic and to strong hydrophilic, resulting in strong interactions between the monolayer and oil molecules and making ultralow IFT easily achievable. It is also noticed that, the nonionic intermediate produced by co-polymerization of PO and EO has low viscosity, which is beneficial to pipeline transport and sulfation with SO3/air mixture. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of efficient and economical Ba/Sr scale remover and descaling technology for offshore oil wells Wu Shaowei,Cheng Limin,Wan Xiaojin,Liang Yuzhu,Zhang Liang,Kang Wanli 2022, 52 (10):  1062-1071.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.005 Abstract ( 177 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1286KB) ( 244 )   Due to the difficulty in removing BaSO4/SrSO4 scale from offshore oil wells and the high operating costs, it is necessary to optimize the formula of descaling agent and the descaling process to reduce the scale removal cost. A series of descaling experiments were conducted referring to the typical bottom-hole conditions of the oil wells in Weizhou Oilfield. New formulas of descaling agent were developed, and the descaling agent currently used in field was improved, from the point of view of maintaining the descaling effect to reduce the amount of descaling agent or maintaining the amount of descaling agent to improve the descaling effect. A novel concept to improve the descaling process was proposed, in which the descaling operation was combined with the workover operation, and the feasibility thereof was preliminarily assessed. The results show that, the dosage of the current agent SD-132 and the preferred new agent DTPA can be reduced to 8% and still meet the descaling index requirements. The amount of scale dissolved by the developed new formula containing DTPA can be increased by 13.08% compared with the current agent SD-132 at the same mass fraction （16%）. After adding 2%-4% DTPA to the current agent SD-132, the amount of scale dissolved can also be increased by 14.49%. The new formula is applicable to different types of scale samples. The combination of descaling agent and workover fluid has a certain feasibility. The combined fluid can still maintain good descaling and formation protection performance. If the workover can achieve descaling at the same time, the cost for descaling agent and operation will be greatly reduced. The economy of the Ba/Sr scale descaling process for offshore oil wells will be greatly improved. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of cordycepin nanoemulsion and its repair mechanism on the photoaged skin Zhang Hucheng,Yang Guowei,Yang Jun,Fan Haitao,Luo Shuai,Liu Linying 2022, 52 (10):  1072-1080.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.006 Abstract ( 229 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (2038KB) ( 320 )   Cordycepin was used as an effective component to prepare nanoemulsion. The formulation process, preliminary quality evaluation and skin photoaging repair mechanism of cordycepin nanoemulsion were studied. By drawing the pseudo ternary phase diagram, the formula of the nanoemulsion was determined. The particle size, viscosity, and stability of the nanoemulsion were investigated. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione （GSH）, catalase （CAT） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the skin of New Zealand rabbits were measured. The results show that the nanoemulsion is stable when the Km of surfactant and co-surfactant is 2∶1. The average diameter of cordycepin nanoemulsion is 374 nm and the viscosity is （9.33±0.14） mPa·s. It has good centrifugal stability, dilution stability, long-term stability and temperature stability. Cordycepin can be maintained at （12.006±0.025） mg/g for 1-8 months with the RSD within 1%, and it begins to decrease in the ninth month. The activities of SOD, CAT and GSH in group 4 using cordycepin nanoemulsion are slightly lower than those in the control group, significantly higher than those in groups 1, 2 and 3 （P<0.01）. The MDA in the control group and group 4 are significantly lower than those in groups 1, 2 and 3 （P<0.01）. Cordycepin nanoemulsion has good stability, viscosity and particle size, and can effectively alleviate skin aging caused by ultraviolet radiation. This study aims to lay a theoretical foundation and provide direction for the further development of the function of cordycepin nanoemulsion. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid preparation of nano-chitin for stabilizing Pickering emulsions Huan Jingjing,Wang Bijia,Mao Zhiping,Sui Xiaofeng 2022, 52 (10):  1081-1087.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.007 Abstract ( 206 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2921KB) ( 173 )   Nano-chitin was prepared by treating raw chitin with phosphoric acid （H3PO4） for 40 min followed by high-pressure homogenization. This method could save chemical reagents, shorten the preparation process and increase the yield as compared with the previous preparation method. The chitin and regenerated nano-chitin （RCh） were characterized by XRD, TEM and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The experimental conditions of preparation were optimized, such as the minimum concentration of phosphoric acid to dissolve chitin and the maximum concentration of chitin that could be dissolved by different concentrations of phosphoric acid. The RCh suspension thus prepared was used to stabilize caprylic/capric triglyceride （GTCC） to fabricate oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. The emulsions were characterized on an optical microscope, a dynamic laser scattering size analyzer and a rheometer. All the RCh prepared with this method could well stabilize Pickering emulsions （RCh content was only 0.2%）. The RCh adsorbed on the O/W interface could stabilize the Pickering emulsions. The rheological behaviors of Pickering emulsions indicated that, the entanglement of RCh enhanced the structure of the emulsions as well as their resistance to deformation. The energy storage modulus and loss modulus remained constant with the change of scanning frequency at a fixed stress, and no intersection point was found in the frequency range, which indicated that the emulsions were stable and had “gel-like” behavior. All emulsions showed shear thinning behavior. RCh was effective in preventing droplet coalescence and could form stable Pickering emulsions when GTCC mass fraction was not higher than 60%. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of PoPD-TiO2-GO composite photocatalyst in adsorption and degradation of chemical dye wastewater Zhang Qin,Shi Qiuhong 2022, 52 (10):  1088-1093.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.008 Abstract ( 158 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1219KB) ( 280 )   TiO2-GO composite photocatalyst was prepared using graphite powder, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. On the basis of this catalyst, o-phenylendiamine was added to prepare the PoPD-TiO2-GO composite photocatalyst. The simulated chemical dye wastewater containing reactive black KN-B was prepared. These two new catalysts were added to the chemical dye wastewater, and the abilities of the catalysts in adsorption and degradation were analyzed on the light reaction apparatus and thermogravimetric analyzer. The experimental results show that, excessive addition of graphene in the two catalysts will increase the specific surface area but will lead to the decrease of absorbance. Therefore, the two catalysts with 3% graphene have better effects; With the increase of adsorption time, the adsorption rate and decolorization rate of PoPD-TiO2-GO are significantly higher than those of TiO2-GO. The greater the amount of the two catalysts, the stronger the decolorization capacity to chemical dye wastewater; the decolorization rate of PoPD-TiO2-GO remains above 70% after four cycles of degradation. When a variety of wastewater dyes are selected for the experiment, PoPD-TiO2-GO can still maintain a high decolorization rate. Therefore, the degradation performance of PoPD-TiO2-GO photocatalyst is good, which can degrade a variety of dye wastewater. In addition, the comprehensive ability of adsorption and degradation of PoPD-TiO2-GO is higher than that of TiO2-GO. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the methods and performance of ultimate biodegradation of surfactants and liquid detergents Hong Yuqian,Ge Zan,Hong Zheng,Lei Xiaoying,Huang Qing 2022, 52 (10):  1094-1099.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.009 Abstract ( 298 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1141KB) ( 227 )   Biodegradability is classified into primary biodegradability and ultimate biodegradability, which is an important factor to assess the impact of surfactants on the environment. With the development of society, people have paid more and more attention to the environment, and however, there are few systematic studies on the ultimate biodegradation performance of commonly used surfactants. Herein, a total organic carbon （TOC） analyzer combined with GB/T 21856—2008 “Chemical—Ready biodegradability—CO2 evolution test” was used to analyze the ultimate biodegradability of 10 commonly used surfactants and liquid detergents of different brands and categories on the market, to examine their impact on the environment. This method simplified the experimental device and was easy to operate. In addition, it did not require to collect carbon dioxide, so the experimental data would not be able to deviate due to incomplete carbon dioxide capture. The error analysis of the experimental results shows that the method has stable experimental data and high repeatability. The results of ultimate biodegradability show that, the degradation rate of several common surfactants is above 60%, which meets the environmental requirements. Except for LAS, the rest are all more than 80%, indicative of excellent ultimate biodegradability. The degradation rate of some detergent products on the market is also greater than 80%, indicative of excellent ultimate biodegradability. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the preparation and application of salvianolic acid B, a water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Chen Pingping,Xu Quansheng,Zhao Lina,Zhang Xiaoxia 2022, 52 (10):  1100-1106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.010 Abstract ( 235 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 248 )   The purpose was to study the preparation and biotransformation application of salvianolic acid B, a water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The extraction rate and extraction rate of salvianolic acid B were used as evaluation indicators to compare the water-soluble extraction methods of Salvia miltiorrhiza, including water decoction reflux method, ultrasonic extraction method, percolation method, etc., which were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. After repeated exploration and comparison, the study finds that the extraction rate of salvianolic acid B in the conventional water decoction reflux method is as high as 72.59%, which is much higher than of the ultrasonic extraction method of 63.72% and the percolation method of 65.69% （P<0.05）. In the application of biotransformation of salvianolic acid B, the study finds that 100 g of salvianolic acid B can yield 14.2 g of Danshensu （purity≥95%） and 35.8 g of Prewalskinic acid A （purity≥91%）, which indicates that the biotransformation is very successful. In this study, we have conducted related research on the preparation process of salvianolic acid B, a water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, obtained a simple, efficient and scientific process route, and studied its biotransformation application, which found a high conversion efficiency of salvianolic acid B into Przewalskinic acid A and Danshensu. This research lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the further development and practical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and analysis of Pluralibacter gergoviae in facial masks based on MALDI-TOF MS Tan Huimin,Wang Tao,Zhu Bin,Ling Wenchao,Fan Lanyan 2022, 52 (10):  1107-1112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.011 Abstract ( 211 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1571KB) ( 241 )   A total of 149 batches of facial mask products were tested for microorganism, and 4 batches did not meet the requirements. The bacterial colonies of these 4 batches of facial mask products were purified, and identified by MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rDNA sequencing and Vitek 2 biochemical test. The results show that they are all Pluralibacter gergoviae. In addition, Pluralibacter gergoviae CICC24132 and a food detected Pluralibacter gergoviae are analyzed with these four strains together by MALDI Biotyper 3 and VITEK 2. MALDI Biotyper 3 cluster analysis shows that the protein pattens detected in the four batches of facial mask are basically the same, with their relationship relatively close to each other, but far from the other 2 strains. Biochemical tests of VITEK 2 show that there are differences in the biochemical reactions of 6 strains of Pluralibacter gergoviae, among which the bacteria detected in 3 batches of masks from the same manufacturer are basically the same. The results suggest that the rapid identification results of MALDI-TOF MS are reliable. MALDI Biotyper 3 cluster analysis and biochemical reaction results show that the 4 strains of Pluralibacter gergoviae isolated from facial masks can be divided into two subtypes, and the contaminated bacteria detected from three batches of unqualified samples from the same manufacturer have high homology. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Technical key points of intelligent evaluation of cosmetics in China Su Zhe,Hu Kang,Lv Bingfeng,Ta Na,Wang Gangli,Lu Yong 2022, 52 (10):  1113-1120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.012 Abstract ( 252 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1118KB) ( 423 )   In order to implement the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, the National Medical Products Administration has established new regulations and technical systems and organized the construction of a cosmetics registration and filing information service platform. The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control has carried out research on the intelligent evaluation of cosmetics. In this study, based on the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics and its supporting regulations, the contents of the registration or filing documents and the concerns in technical evaluation work, the researchers summarized the key points that could be automatically detected and reviewed by the IT system, analyzed the technical path, databases to be integrated, and logic rules, and discussed the possible application in technical evaluation and supervision. So far, a series of key points for intelligent evaluation of cosmetics have been established, covering product formula and ingredient use, product test reports, product label, product implementation standard and safety evaluation report, and a standardized filling and automatic formal examination of the abstract of efficacy claim evaluation has also been developed. This work will provide technical support for intelligent evaluation and supervision of cosmetics in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on deodorants and deodorizing cosmetics Cui Xiaoqian,Zhao Mengtian,Chen Yanjun,Cao Gao 2022, 52 (10):  1121-1127.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.013 Abstract ( 295 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1153KB) ( 399 )   After the implementation of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, deodorizing cosmetics are no longer special cosmetics, but ordinary cosmetics. In recent years, the increasing demand for deodorizing cosmetics has led to the emergence of a series of new deodorizing cosmetics and deodorants. Additionally, not only efficacy, but natural mildness, safety and low sensitivity have become the key to the development of this kind of cosmetics. In this review, the mechanism of body odor and the four methods of controlling body odor by deodorizing cosmetics are summarized. Then, the latest research and application progress of deodorants in cosmetics are emphatically introduced. In general, in order to develop safe and efficient deodorizing cosmetics, cosmetic producers and scientists should treat both the symptoms and root causes of body odor, as well as focus on natural deodorants and their efficacy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Rapid determination of 23 preservatives in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography Zhang Weiqing,Liu Huijin,Wang Haiyan,Sun Lei 2022, 52 (10):  1128-1134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.014 Abstract ( 227 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 265 )   A rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 23 preservatives in cosmetics was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）. The sample was extracted with methanol and separated by CAPCELL CORE C18 column （2.1 mm×150 mm, 2.7 μm） chromatographic column separation using 0.1% phosphoric acid acetonitrile as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 280, 254 and 230 nm. The results show that the method has good methodological validation, good separation effect, short analysis time, simple operation and simple composition of mobile phase, which can be used for rapid detection of preservatives in daily cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of glycolic acid, monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid in alkylpolyethoxy carboxylate by HPLC Zhang Jun,Yang Xiuquan,Zhou Yuan,Bai Liang,Wu Zhiyu 2022, 52 (10):  1135-1139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.015 Abstract ( 645 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1018KB) ( 336 )   A method for determination of glycolic acid, monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid in alkylpolyethoxy carboxylate （AEC） by high performance liquid chromatography was established. The column was Acclaim Trinity P1 column （3.0 mm×150 mm, 3 μm） for separation and it was adapted gradient with 10% acetonitrile-90% phosphate buffered saline （10 mmol sodium dihydrogen phosphate, adjust pH to 5.0）. A UV detector at 210 nm was used. The separation and determination of glycolic acid, monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid could be completed. The resolution of chromatographic peaks of the three compounds to be tested in the sample solution is good, and the peak area and concentration of the reference substance show good linear correlation, and the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.999. The stability and precision of the analysis meet the requirements of methodological investigation. The average recovery of three compounds is in the range from 96% to 98%, and the relative standard deviation （RSD） is less than 3%. Compared with the method of GB/T 28193—2011 （Determination of chloroacetic acid （chloroacetate） contents in surfactants）, this method is not limited by product solubility, and can be used in product systems with long carbon chain or poor water solubility. Therefore, it has a wider scope of application, and it can provide references for AEC product quality control, production process upgrading and test method improvement. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous determination of ten anti-acne compounds in anti-acne cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography and verification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Zhang Shanshan,Jia Changping 2022, 52 (10):  1140-1146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.10.016 Abstract ( 198 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1115KB) ( 245 )   The purpose was to establish a method for the identification of ten anti-acne compounds （benzoyl peroxide, spironolactone, tacalcitol, tazarotene, acitretin, isotretinoin, tretino-in, etretinate, viaminate, adapalene） in anti-acne cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography and verification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted by ultrasonic machine with methanol. The separation was executed on an Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18 column by a mobile phase consisting of 0.5% acetic acid （A）, methanol （B）, with the flow speed of 1.0 mL/min. The qualitative screening results were obtained through high performance liquid chromatography with PDA detector at multi-wavelength, the standard curve method was used for quantification, and the results of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used for verification. The results show that under the conditions of this method, the recovery rate is 80.8%-102.7%, and the relative standard deviation is less than 3.0%. Ten anti-acne compounds obtain a good linear relationship within their respective mass concentration ranges, and the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.999 8. The detection limits are 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. This method can be used exclusively and quickly to screen and confirm ten anti-acne compounds added in anti-acne cosmetics. It is mainly suitable for the simultaneous determination of ten anti-acne compounds in anti-acne cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics