含硫酸酯间隔基双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.09.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Gemini surfactants, in which the two hydrophilic headgroups are linked by a spacer nearby, have unique properties that arise from their particular molecular structure. The spacer group therein is important and indispensable in the molecular structure of gemini surfactants. A large number of studies so far have been devoted to the effects of different spacers, but sulfate-containing spacers are rarely reported. In this work, a series of sulfate-spacered gemini surfactants with different degrees of sulfonation （14-xSO₄-14） were synthesized from 14-OH-14 by sulfonation using different amount of chlorosulfonic acid. The molecular structure was characterized using ¹H NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy （ESI-MS）, and the degree of sulfonation was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry （ICP-OES）. The results showed that, compared with unsulfonated 14-OH-14, the cmc of 14-xSO₄-14 gradually decreased with increasing degree of sulfonation, and a minimum was obtained at x=1.0 （decreasing the cmc by one order of magnitude）. Furthermore, 14-xSO₄-14 exhibited greater abilities to self-assemble and to reduce surface/interfacial tension. 14-xSO₄-14 could not only reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to an ultra-low level, but also maintain it for a wide time window. Among these geminis with different degrees of sulfonation, 14-0.2SO₄-14 exhibited the best foaming ability and foam stability and the best antimicrobial effect against E. coli, while 14-0.6SO₄-14 had the best antimicrobial effect against S. aureus.

Key words: gemini surfactant, sulfate-containing spacer, surface tension, interfacial tension, antimicrobial activity

CLC Number:

TQ423

Guoqiang Lu, Meng Mu, Ye Fan, Xuefeng Liu, Yongmin Zhang. Study on the synthesis and properties of sulfate-spacered gemini surfactants[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(9): 1085-1092.

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References 21

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	cmc/ （mmol/L）	γ_cmc/ （mN/m）	π_cmc/ （mN/m）	10⁶ Γ_max/ （mol/m²）	A_min/ （nm²）	pc₂₀/ （mmol/L）
14-OH-14	0.285	37.11	34.74	0.89	1.87	1.44
14-SO₄-14	0.045	35.74	36.11	1.16	1.43	2.18

	Colony counting
	S. aureus	E. coli
14-OH-14	768	1 152
14-0.2SO₄-14	628	890
14-0.4SO₄-14	836	1 040
14-0.6SO₄-14	572	944
14-0.8SO₄-14	692	1 120
14-SO₄-14	780	1 168

Study on the synthesis and properties of sulfate-spacered gemini surfactants

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