Fig.1

Schematic illustration of （a） G-quartet, （b） G-quadruplex and （c） G-ribbon [6]"

Tab.1

The comparison of 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 23Na NMR"

Fig.2

A typical schematic of the 2D NMR experiment"

Fig.3

（a） Illustration of the formation of dynamic borate esters via the reaction between guanosine and phenylboronic acid. （b） The 1H NMR of guanosine and GB [38]. （c） Structural formulas of guanosine and GB, along with the ratio of integral areas of H （1'）, where Ha represents the H （1'） of GB and Hb represents the H （1'） of guanosine [40]. （d） 1H NMR spectra of G-quadruplex hydrogels under different pH conditions [40]. （e） 1H NMR spectra of G-quadruplex hydrogels at various temperatures [43]"

Fig.4

（a1） The structural formula of the lipophilic guanosine derivative 1 and （a2, a3） 1H NMR spectra of the assemblies before and after the addition of K+ in CDCl3, where * represents the H（8） absorption peak of the G-ribbon aggregates, and △ represents the H（8） absorption peak of the G-quadruplex[44]. （b1） Schematic diagram of the G-quadruplex achieving ion-pair recognition, （b2） 1H NMR spectrum of the G-quadruplex in CD2Cl2 [45]"

Fig.5

（a1） The structure of guanosine derivative 2. （a2） 1H NMR spectra of TAG and its aggregates [46]. （b） VT-1H NMR spectra of the G-quadruplex formed by isoguanosine [47]. （c） 1H NMR spectra of the aggregates at different temperatures [48]. （d） 1H NMR spectra of the G-quadruplex hydrogel and guanosine [42]. （e） 1H NMR spectra of TAG and the [TAG] 2Ba2+ G-quadruplex [49]"

Fig.6

（a1） Structures of the G-dimer and G-quartets. （a2） 2D DOSY NMR spectrum of H（8） of 1.0 mol/L GMP in D2O at 278 K [50]. （b） VT-1H NMR spectrum of 50 mmol/L guanosine and 25 mmol/L NaB（OH）4 in D2O [52]"

Fig.7

（a1） Schematic illustration of the GB. （a2） 11B NMR of GB （Fig.7a1） dissolved in DMSO, in an alkaline environment, and after assembly with guanosine. （a3） 11B NMR of GB hydrogel at different temperatures [39]. （b1） Proposed mechanism for the reaction between guanosine and KB（OH）4. （b2） 1H-decoupled 11B MAS NMR of K+ GB and Cs+ GB gels [54]"

Tab.2

Comparison of diffusion coefficients determined by NMR and DLS experiments for GMP in H2O [53]"

Fig.8

（a） 23Na MAS NMR of A: The Na gel sample, B: K-Na gel sample [56]. （b） 23Na MAS NMR of GMP gel （black line） and Sr2+-GMP nanowires （red line）[59]"

Fig.9

（a） 2D NOESY spectrum of the La3+-G complex [60]. （b） Structures of cis and trans conformers of guanosine derivatives. （c） 13C-1H HMBC spectrum of guanosine derivatives-KI in CDCl3. （d） 2D NOESY spectrum of guanosine derivatives-KI in CDCl3. （e） Schematic of all-cis and all-trans G-quartet assignments. （f） 2D NOESY spectrum of the H（8）-NH2（2） region of guanosine derivatives-KI. （g） Model of guanosine derivatives-KI derived from the 2D NOESY spectrum. （h） Illustration of the head-to-tail stacking mode [48]"

Fig.10

The NOE spectrum of the CTAB/GB aggregate at RCTAB=2 in D2O [61]"