当期目录

2019年, 第49卷, 第6期　刊出日期：2019-06-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂的合成及其性能研究 Synthesis and properties of sugar-based cationic gemini surfactants 蔡坤良,程蓉,甘昌胜 2019 (6):  351-357.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.001 摘要 ( 467 )   HTML ( 158 )   PDF(1423KB) ( 561 )   以葡萄糖为原料,制备了十六烷基葡萄糖酯丁二醇季铵盐双子表面活性剂（7a）、十六烷基葡萄糖酯己二醇季铵盐双子表面活性剂（7b）和十六烷基葡萄糖酯辛二醇季铵盐双子表面活性剂（7c）,并对三种表面活性剂的表面活性和聚集性能进行了检测。结果表明：这三种表面活性剂均具有良好的表面活性,其中7c的cmc=1.32×10 -5 mol/L,γcmc=29.14 mN/m。连接基长度对双子表面活性剂的cmc有较大影响,随着连接基长度逐渐增加,cmc显著降低。而且,这类表面活性剂在水中均能自发形成胶束或囊泡,主要和连接基长度有关。连接基越长,则越容易形成囊泡;胶束和囊泡的形成与表面活性剂的浓度也存在一定的关系,浓度越高,越容易形成囊泡。 Three quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants based on glucose ester structure（7a, 7b and 7c）were prepared with glucose as one of the raw materials, in which the hydrophobic tails were all hexadecyl but the lengths of the methylene chains residing in the centre of the spacers were 4, 6 and 8 CH2 units, respectively. The surface activity and aggregation properties of these three gemini surfactants were determined. The results show that these three surfactants have good surface activities, among which 7c has the best surface properties（cmc = 1.32×10 -5 mol/L, γcmc = 29.14 mN/m）. The length of the methylene chain in the spacer of a gemini surfactant has a great influence on the cmc, that is, the cmc is significantly decreased with the increase of the methylene chain length. Moreover, these surfactants can spontaneously form micelles or vesicles in water, which is mainly related to the length of the spacer. The longer the spacer is, the easier vesicles will be formed. The formation of micelles and vesicles also has a certain relationship with the concentration of the surfactant. The formation of vesicles will be facilitated at higher concentrations of surfactants. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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弱相互作用调控表面活性剂自组装（VI）——在催化方面的应用 Self-assembly of surfactants controlled by weak interactions（VI）Applications in catalysis 孙盼盼,郑利强,孙继超 2019 (6):  358-362.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.002 摘要 ( 386 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(1273KB) ( 332 )   表面活性剂在溶液中达到一定浓度后,会形成多种结构、形态不同的有序分子聚集体。介绍了有序分子聚集体作为简单、经济、绿色的反应介质在化学反应中的作用。重点阐述了胶束、反胶束、囊泡和微乳液等聚集体如何参与形成碳-碳键、碳-杂原子键的反应、Keep消除反应以及羟醛反应,并探讨了光致变色的表面活性剂对偶联反应中催化剂的选择性和循环性的影响。 When the surfactant solution reaches a certain concentration, a variety of ordered molecular aggregates with different structures and shapes can be formed. In this paper, the role of ordered molecular aggregates as a simple, economical and green reaction medium in the chemical reaction has been described. We focus on how aggregates such as micelles, reverse micelles, vesicles and microemulsions participate in the reactions involving carbon-carbon/carbon-heteroatom bond formation, Keep elimination reaction and aldol reaction. The effects of the photochromism surfactant on the selectivity and cycling of the catalyst in the coupling reaction are also discussed. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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EGCG类脂质体及其冷冻解冻凝胶的制备与表征 Preparation and characterization of the EGCG-loaded niosome and its cryogel 孙香,梁蓉,杨成 2019 (6):  363-368.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.003 摘要 ( 431 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF(1549KB) ( 445 )   以吐温60、胆固醇为壁材,通过乙醇注入法制备了EGCG类脂质体（EN）,研究了水化方法及水化介质对EN粒径、PDI、包封率及载量的影响。结果显示,当选取去离子水为水化介质,以12 000 r/min的速率高速分散1 min时制得的EN粒径较小,为61.4 nm,PDI为0.189±0.020;包封率及载量较高,分别为79.4%和7.97%。采用冷冻解冻法将EN嵌入到PVA/HA冷冻解冻凝胶中制得PVA/HA/EN冷冻解冻凝胶。通过SEM表征发现EN的载入使凝胶产生孔状结构,且EN没有被破坏,保持原有粒径大小。通过对PVA/HA/EN冷冻解冻凝胶释放率的研究,发现当EGCG浓度相同时,PVA/HA/EN冷冻解冻凝胶比直接运载EGCG的PVA/HA/ES冷冻解冻凝胶具有更好的缓释效果。 EGCG-loaded niosomes（EN）were prepared by ethanol injection method using Tween 60 and cholesterol as encapsulation materials. The effects of hydration methods and hydration media on the particle size, PDI, entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of EN were studied. The results showed that, when deionized water was used as hydration medium, the EN prepared at 12 000 r/min for 1 min had small particle size of 61.4 nm and a PDI of 0.189±0.020. High entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were achieved as 79.4% and 7.97%, respectively. The PVA/HA/EN cryogels were prepared by embedding EN into PVA/HA cryogels by freeze-thaw method. SEM characterization showed that the presence of EN in PVA/HA cryogels resulted in a porous structure, and EN was not damaged and kept the original particle size. Through the study on the release rate of PVA/HA/EN cryogels, it was found that PVA/HA/EN cryogels had better sustained release effects than the PVA/HA/ES cryogels which directly loaded with EGCG, when the EGCG concentration was the same. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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三七发酵液多糖抗衰老活性研究 Study on anti-aging activity of polysaccharides in Sanqi fermentation liquor 刘平平,虞旦,王昌涛,杨帆,李萌,张佳婵 2019 (6):  369-376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.004 摘要 ( 405 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF(1343KB) ( 507 )   采用食品级黄酒酵母发酵三七,得三七发酵液后对其进行分离纯化得到三七多糖。通过生化水平以及细胞水平的实验评价三七发酵液多糖的抗衰老功效。结果显示：三七发酵液多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的半抑制浓度IC50分别为1.528,0.798和0.216 g/L,发酵三七多糖可以显著降低胞内活性氧水平;显著降低成纤维细胞培养液中MMP-1含量;显著提高细胞I型胶原蛋白含量,在发酵三七多糖对成纤维细胞的安全质量浓度范围内,检测10个与衰老相关的因子的表达量变化,只有col-Iα（I型胶原α）表达量下调,其他因子表达量均上调,其中促血管形成因子Ang-1表达量最高。以上结果说明三七发酵液多糖具有一定的抗衰老功效。 The fermentation liquor of Sanqi（Panax notoginseng）was obtained by the fermentation of Sanqi with yellow rice wine yeast. Sanqi polysaccharides were separated from such liquor and then purified. The anti-aging effect of polysaccharides in fermentation liquor of Sanqi was evaluated both on biochemical level and cellular level. The results show that, the semi-inhibitory concentrations（IC50）against DPPH free radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion free radical are 1.528, 0.798 and 0.216 g/L, respectively. The polysaccharides from the fermentation liquor of Sanqi can significantly reduce both the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen and the content of MMP-1 in fibroblast culture medium, and they can also significantly increase the content of cell type I collagen. In the safe mass concentration range of fermented sanqi polysaccharides on fibroblasts, 10 senescence-related factors were detected, only col-Iα（type I collagen）is down-regulated, and all other factors are up-regulated, among which the expression of angiogenic factor Ang-1 is the highest. The above results indicate that the polysaccharides from Sanqi fermentation liquor has certain anti-aging effect. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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3种化合物在UV诱导下对CHL细胞染色体畸变作用 Effects of three compounds on chromosome aberration in CHL cells induced by UV 李培宁,陈秀娟,江漪,刘冬虹 2019 (6):  377-380.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.005 摘要 ( 328 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(774KB) ( 338 )   探讨盐酸氯丙嗪（CPZ）、酸性红87和茜素红在UV诱导下对CHL细胞染色体畸变作用。设UV照射剂量为2.0 J/cm 2,依次开展上述3种化合物对CHL细胞毒性试验和染色体畸变试验,观察分析其致CHL细胞染色体畸变结果。结果表明,CHL细胞体外染色体畸变试验体系成立,3种化合物无染色体畸变作用。在UV诱导下,CPZ在质量浓度0.25~0.50 mg/L范围（不加S9 mix）可诱发CHL细胞染色体畸变作用,酸性红87在15.62~31.25 mg/L范围（不加S9 mix）和31.25~62.50 mg/L范围（加S9 mix）可诱发CHL细胞染色体畸变作用,茜素红无诱发CHL细胞染色体畸变作用。 The effects of CPZ, acid red 87 and alizarin red on chromosome aberration in CHL cells induced by UV were studied. The cytotoxicity test and chromosome aberration test of CHL cells exposed to the above three compounds were carried out at a UV dose of 2.0 J/cm 2. Chromosome aberration rate of CHL cells caused by these compounds were observed and analyzed. The results show that in vitro chromosome aberration test system of CHL cells is set up, and the three compounds had no chromosome aberration effect in the absence of UV. Under UV stimulation, CPZ causes chromosome aberration in CHL cells at a mass concentration range of 0.25-0.50 mg/L（without S9 mix）. Acidic red 87 induces chromosome aberration in CHL cells in the range of 15.62-31.25 mg/L（without S9 mix）and 31.25-62.50 mg/L（with S9 mix）. Alizarin red can not induce chromosome aberration in CHL cells. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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甜菊糖苷-大豆分离蛋白复合体系的乳化性能研究 Emulsifying properties of the mixture of steviol glycosides and soy protein isolate 彭庆蕤,张童童,冀翔,张延栋,夏咏梅,刘湘,方云 2019 (6):  381-387.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.006 摘要 ( 438 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1127KB) ( 801 )   以葡萄糖基甜菊糖苷和天然甜菊糖苷中的斯替夫苷和莱鲍迪苷A为代表性甜菊糖苷,研究甜菊糖苷（SG）-大豆分离蛋白（SPI）复合乳化剂的乳化性能以及甜菊糖苷在溶液界面性能上的构效关系。实验发现,SG-SPI降低玉米油/水界面张力的作用与其稳定的玉米油-水乳液的稳定性之间存在关联效应。SG-SPI复合乳化剂相比于单一的SPI或SG,可明显提高玉米油-水乳液的热稳定性、pH稳定性与电解质稳定性。几种甜菊糖苷溶液降低表面张力的能力随其分子中葡萄糖基数的增加而增加,均比SPI具有更高的降低表面张力的能力。SG和SPI的复合使用对表面张力降低产生了正向协同作用。 With stevioside, rebauboside A and glucosylated steviol glycosides as the representative steviol glycosides, the interfacial activity and emulsifying ability of the mixtures of steviol glycosides （SG） and soy protein isolate （SPI）, namely SG-SPI, were investigated. It was found that the decrease of the corn oil-water interfacial tension caused by SG-SPI has correlation with the stability of the emulsion system. Compared with SPI and SG solely used, SG-SPI can obviously improve the thermal stability, pH stability and electrolyte stability of the emulsion. The ability of SG in reducing surface tension, which is increased with the increase of the number of glucose residues, is more effective than that of SPI. SG and SPI present a positive synergistic effect on the decrease of surface tension. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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海藻酸钠对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用 Inhibitory effect of sodium alginate on the activity of tyrosinase 郑曦,陈智多,张德蒙,秦益民,易彩霞,黄啸 2019 (6):  388-392.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.007 摘要 ( 584 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF(997KB) ( 460 )   通过酶抑制动力学实验考察了海藻酸钠在实验体系和黑素细胞内对酪氨酸酶和黑色素生成的抑制作用,利用荧光光谱分析海藻酸钠对酪氨酸酶抑制作用机理,同时考察海藻酸钠对黑素细胞的毒性。结果表明,在64 mmol/L浓度内,细胞活性均在90%以上,显示出良好的生物相容性。海藻酸钠对酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素产量均具有一定的抑制效果,且抑制类型在20 mmol/L浓度内呈明显的浓度依赖型。海藻酸钠与酪氨酸酶相互作用后,对其内源性荧光产生了淬灭作用。酪氨酸酶的最大发射波长出现了红移,表明海藻酸钠与酪氨酸酶相互作用时,改变了其氨基酸残基的疏水性环境。 Enzyme inhibition kinetics experiments were carried out in vitro and in melanocytes to study the inhibitory effect of sodium alginate on the activity of tyrosinase and melanin deposition. The inhibition mechanism of sodium alginate on tyrosinase was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the toxicity of sodium alginate on melanocyte was also investigated. The results show that within the concentration of 64 mmol/L, the cell viability was above 90%, indicating good biocompatibility. Sodium alginate had a certain inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanin production, which was in a concentration-dependent manner below the concentration of 20 mmol/L. The endogenous fluorescence of tyrosinase was partly quenched after interacting with sodium alginate. The redshift of the maximum emission wavelength appearing in the fluorescence spectrum of tyrosinase indicated that the interaction between sodium alginate and tyrosinase changed the hydrophobic environment of its amino acid residues. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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皮肤致敏试验替代方法研究进展 Research progress on alternative methods for skin sensitization tests 梅承翰,谭红,杨鸿波,陈蓓蓓,刘师卜,刘婷 2019 (6):  393-397.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.008 摘要 ( 433 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(784KB) ( 550 )   概述并比较分析了直接肽反应试验（DPRA）、小鼠局部淋巴结试验（LLNA）、KerationSens TM、人细胞系激发试验（h-CLAT）和重组人表皮致敏试验等皮肤致敏试验替代方法,并重点介绍了各替代方法的整合研究情况,提出了皮肤致敏试验替代方法的发展前景。 In the present study, skin sensitization alternative methods, such as direct peptide reactivity assay（DPRA）, local lymph node assay（LLNA）, KerationSens TM, human cell line activation test（h-CLAT）and reconstructed human epidermis model（RHE model）sensitization test, were summarized, analyzed and compared. The integration of these alternative methods was introduced, and the development prospects of alternative methods for skin sensitization test were prospected. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Pickering乳液在化妆品中的应用研究进展 Advances in the applications of Pickering emulsion in cosmetics 喻明英,王靖,杨成,曹光群 2019 (6):  398-402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.009 摘要 ( 1115 )   HTML ( 88 )   PDF(1233KB) ( 1928 )   从Pickering乳化剂种类及其稳定的化妆品乳液、功效成分的包埋缓释及促进透皮吸收、Pickering乳液聚合制备高分子微球几个方面对Pickering乳液在化妆品中的应用进行了阐述,最后对其发展方向进行了展望。 The recent progress in the applications of Pickering emulsion in cosmetics has been reviewed, including the preparation and stability of Pickering emulsions by some typical nanoparticles that available in cosmetics, the potential application of Pickering emulsion in encapsulation, controlled release and transdermal delivery of functional ingredients, and the advantages of Pickering emulsion polymerization in the fabrication of polymeric microspheres. The perspective in the future on application of Pickering emulsion in cosmetics has also been given. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定化妆品中15种喹诺酮类抗生素 Determination of 15 quinolone antibiotics in cosmetics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry 卢剑,寻知庆,汪晨霞,郭新东,杨洋,武中平 2019 (6):  403-409.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.010 摘要 ( 309 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(842KB) ( 390 )   利用液液萃取和高效液相色谱串联质谱仪（HPLC-MS/MS）,建立了化妆品中15种喹诺酮类抗生素的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法。样品使用0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液提取,正己烷除脂,经Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.9 μm）色谱柱分离后,三重四级杆质谱多反应监测模式（MRM）检测,以保留时间和相对离子丰度定性,外标法定量。结果表明,15种喹诺酮类抗生素在质量浓度5.0~200 μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.995 0;方法检出限和定量限分别为0.15和0.50 mg/kg。样品平均加标回收率在80.1%~104.9%之间,精密度（RSD,n=6）为1.0%~7.4%。该方法检出限、回收率和精密度满足化妆品中喹诺酮类抗生素的测定。 A high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method was established for the determination of 15 quinolone antibiotics in cosmetics. The samples were extracted with 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution, degreased with n-hexane, separated by Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18（2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm） column, then detected by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring mode（MRM） to determine retention time and relative ion abundance, and quantified by external standard method. The results show that all of the 15 quinolone antibiotics show good linearity in the range of 5.0-200 μg/L with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.995 0. The limit of detection and quantification of the method are 0.15 and 0.50 mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of the spiked samples were ranged from 80.1% to 104.9% and the relative standard deviations（RSD, n=6） were in the range of 1.0%-7.4%. The method is accurate and reliable, which meets the requirements of the determination of quinolone antibiotics in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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化妆品中耐热大肠菌群快速检测方法的研究 Research on rapid detection method of thermotolerant coliforms in cosmetics 文霞,李彩玲,刘静霞,杨秀茳,张淑瑶,谢小保 2019 (6):  410-414.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.011 摘要 ( 609 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(945KB) ( 827 )   研究化妆品中耐热大肠菌群快速检测方法。分别采用3M Petrifilm TM大肠菌群测试片法和环介导等温扩增（Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术检测人工污染化妆品中耐热大肠菌群,并与传统平板检测法进行了比较。结果表明,3M Petrifilm TM大肠菌群测试片法与传统平板检测法比较结果无统计学差异,且操作步骤简便;LAMP技术特异性强,灵敏度可达到2.03 μg/L,且耗时短。3M Petrifilm TM大肠菌群测试片法和LAMP技术均可用于化妆品中耐热大肠菌群的快速检测。 The study aimed to investigate the rapid detection method of thermotolerant coliforms in cosmetics. The 3M Petrifilm TM coliform count plate method and Loop-mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）technique were used to rapidly detect thermotolerant coliform bacteria in artificially contaminated cosmetics, and compared with the traditional flat plate detection method. The results show that the 3M Petrifilm TM coliform test method and the traditional detection method have no statistical difference, and the operation procedure is simple. The LAMP technique has strong specificity, sensitivity of 2.03 μg/L, and is time-consuming. 3M Petrifilm TM coliform count plate method and LAMP technique can be used for rapid detection of thermotolerant coliforms in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱法测定唇用化妆品中对位红含量 Determination of para red in lip cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography 侯广月,周莉莉,卞英芳,许士明,杜营,邹惠玲 2019 (6):  415-418.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.06.012 摘要 ( 275 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(845KB) ( 324 )   建立了一种快速检测唇用化妆品中对位红含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经三氯甲烷分散后,用乙腈进行超声提取,过滤后,采用Waters SunFire C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）分离,以乙腈-水溶液（体积比为85∶15）为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明,对位红在0.1~10 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.20 μg/g,定量限为0.60 μg/g,3组加标浓度的平均回收率为94.3%~103.8%。方法操作简便、快速准确、重现性好,适用于唇用化妆品中对位红的测定。 A high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）method for the rapid determination of para red in lip cosmetics was established. The sample was dispersed by trichloromethane, ultrasonically extracted with acetonitrile, filtered, separated by a Waters SunFire C18 column（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, and eluted equivalently with acetonitrile-water solution（volume ratio 85:15）as mobile phase. The elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The analysis was done using photo-diode array detector. External standard approach was used for quantification. The results indicate that para red has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-10 mg/L and the correlation coefficient is 0.999 9. The limit of detection（LOD）is 0.20 μg/g, while the limit of quantification（LOQ）is within 0.60 μg/g. The average recoveries were in the range of 94.3%-103.8% at three spiked concentrations. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible, and is suitable for the determination of para red in lip cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标