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2017年, 第47卷, 第1期　刊出日期：2017-01-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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一个基于主客体作用的超两亲分子自组装体系的构筑及其光调控 Self-assembly and photo regulation of a supra-amphiphile based on host-guest interaction 郝姗姗, 翟巧雅, 赵莉, 徐宝财 2017 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.001 摘要 ( 290 )   PDF(2808KB) ( 335 )   合成了含偶氮苯和胆甾醇基团的分子AzoChol,在主客体作用的驱动下与α-环糊精(α-CD)形成了一个超两亲分子AzoChol/α-CD。利用透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、激光共聚焦电子显微镜(CLSM)等实验手段证明了该超两亲分子在水溶液中自组装形成囊泡结构。偶氮苯基团在光照刺激下可以发生顺反异构的可逆变化,导致超两亲分子的解体和再次形成,进一步引起体系发生囊泡解体与再形成的可逆转变。这种具有光刺激响应的超分子结构的转变在智能材料领域可能具有潜在应用价值。 A molecule containing azobenzene and cholesterol moieties (AzoChol) was synthesized,which forms supra-amphiphile with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) based on host-guest interaction between azo group and α-CD.The supra-amphiphile AzoChol/α-CD self-assembled into vesicles in water,demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),atomic force microscope (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).The azo group shows trans-cis photoisomerization by UV and visible light irradiation.Therefore,the supra-amphiphile AzoChol/α-CD is photo-switchable,leading to the disassembly and re-assembly of vesicles irradiated by UV and visible light alternately.The supra-amphiphilic structure of the new material may display potential applications in field for development of smart materials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅰ)——离子液体表面活性剂的结构和分类 Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅰ)Structure and classification 王军, 王萍, 杨许召, 邹文苑, 徐清杰 2017 (1):  7-12.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.002 摘要 ( 357 )   PDF(874KB) ( 538 )   在介绍了离子液体的结构特点和特性的基础上,重点综述了离子液体表面活性剂的结构特征,并且按阳离子型、阴离子型、两性型、双子型和Bola型五类分别介绍了离子液体表面活性剂的典型结构和文献发表的主要品种,显示了离子液体表面活性剂具有较强的结构可设计性和未来品种的多样性。 Based upon structure characters of ionic liquids,the structure and performance characters of ionic liquid surfactants were emphatically summarized.Results collected from literature surveying showed that they can be classified into five main types as cationic,anionic,amphoteric,Gemini and Bola.Their typical structure was described separately and they can be purposely designed according to requirement.There would be many new varieties of ionic liquid surfactant in future. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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消泡剂气/液界面膜的性质对其消泡性能的影响 Properties of gas/liquid interfacial film formed by defoamer and its influence with respect to performance of the defoamer 王宸宸, 易玉峰, 孙超, 丁福臣, 毛瑞云, 韩佳 2017 (1):  13-17.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.003 摘要 ( 326 )   PDF(783KB) ( 524 )   参照消泡试验标准ASTM E2407,评价了硅油类、聚醚酯类及聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类3种消泡剂的消/抑泡性能,并采用LB膜天平,测试了消泡剂对模拟起泡体系扩张模量、扩张弹性和扩张黏度的影响。结果表明,消泡剂分子吸附在气/液界面上,降低了界面膜的弹性,减小了界面膜的强度,使得界面膜厚度变薄,泡沫寿命缩短,从而达到破泡效果;消泡剂存在下的界面膜强度在一定时间内不足以形成稳定的泡沫,从而达到抑泡效果。同种消泡剂,在一定质量分数范围内,随质量分数增加,界面膜扩张模量、扩张弹性均降低,消泡剂消/抑泡性能变好;超过某一质量分数时,界面膜扩张模量、扩张弹性基本保持不变,消/抑泡性能也不再增强。不同种消泡剂,界面膜扩张模量及扩张弹性降低幅度越大,消/抑泡性能越好。因此,扩张模量和扩张弹性可以很好地解释消泡剂的消/抑泡效果。 The defoaming and foam inhibiting performance of three kinds of defoamer (silicone oil,poly ether ester,and poly ether modified poly siloxane) were assessed according to defoaming test standard ASTM E2407;and the influence with respect to dilational modulus,dilational elasticity and dilational viscosity of the simulated foaming system by different defoamers were tested with LB balance.Results showed that the defoamer molecules are adsorbed on the gas/liquid interfacial film,which weaken the elasticity and the strength of the interfacial film,as well as attenuate the thickness of the film;thus result in shortening of foam existing time and finally foam rupture.Under the existing of defoamer molecules,stable foam layer cannot be formed within a certain time period due to the strength weakening of the interfacial film and thus result in the foam inhibiting effect.Within a certain mass fraction range,the higher the mass fraction of the same defoamer,the lower the interfacial film dilational modulus and dilational elasticity,and the better of the performance of defoaming and foam inhibiting.When the mass fraction exceeds a certain value,the interfacial dilational modulus and dilational elasticity essentially keep no change,and the performance of defoaming and foam inhibiting shows no more enhancing.For different types of defoamer,the higher amplitude of reduction capacity of interfacial film dilational modulus and dilational elasticity of the defoamer,the better performance of defoaming and foam inhibiting.Therefore,dilational modulus and dilational elasticity are correlated to defoaming and foam inhibiting performance of the defoamer. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种三元共聚物阴离子表面活性剂的制备及在废纸脱墨中的应用 Synthesis of a kind of ternary copolymer anionic surfactant and its application in waste paper deinking agent 马燕, 张昌辉, 许淑嫱 2017 (1):  18-22.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.004 摘要 ( 306 )   PDF(718KB) ( 491 )   以油酸钠(NaOL)、丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为原料进行水溶液自由基聚合,合成了NaOL-AA-SMAS型三元共聚物阴离子表面活性剂,并将其作为脱墨剂的化学成分用于废纸脱墨。以脱墨效果作为评判标准,考察NaOL-AA-SMAS的较佳合成工艺,并研究了其与非离子表面活性剂月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)复配的脱墨效果。对NaOL-AA-SMAS进行结构表征和物理化学性能测试,并将自制及复配脱墨剂与市售脱墨剂的脱墨效果进行对比。结果表明:当n(NaOL)∶n(SMAS)∶n(AA)=1∶1∶3,反应温度为85 ℃,反应时间为5 h,引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)用量为单体总质量的2.5%时,其脱墨效果较好;将NaOL-AA-SMAS与AEO9复配,当m(NaOL-AA-SMAS)∶m(AEO9)=2∶1时,再生纸张白度可达71.9%,残余油墨量为42.3 mm2/m2。 A kind of ternary copolymer anionic surfactant NaOL-AA-SMAS was synthesized by aqueous solution free radical polymerization with sodium oleate (NaOL),acrylic acid (AA) and sodium methallyl sulfonate (SMAS) as starting materials.The product was applied as an ingredient of waste paper deinking agent.Optimization of conditions for the preparation of the product was conducted taking the deinking effect as criteria.Further,the product was blended with a nonionic surfactant polyethoxy lauryl ether (AEO9) and the deinking efficacy of the blend was examined.Structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR;the molecular weight and its distribution of the product were measured by GPC;and the deinking efficacy of deinking agents containing the product or the blend,and purchased from market was tested and compared.Results showed that the synthesis process conditions,which shows the optimal deinking effect are as follows:n(NaOL)∶n(SMAS)∶n(AA)=1∶1∶3;reaction temperature,85 ℃;reaction time,5 h;w(APS)=2.5% (the mass of total reactants).When the blended deinking agent is formulated in accordance with m(NaOL-AA-SMAS)∶m(AEO9)=2∶1,the brightness of the deinked waste paper can reach to 71.9% and the residual ink concentration is 42.3 mm2/m2. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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碱滴定法测定脂肪酶活力影响因素的研究及其在洗涤产品中的应用 Study on conditions for determination of lipase activity in detergent products and their effects on application result 杨媛, 张剑 2017 (1):  23-27.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.005 摘要 ( 333 )   PDF(844KB) ( 328 )   采用碱滴定法测定脂肪酶活力,结果显示,在橄榄油体积分数为25%,温度为40 ℃,pH=7.5时酶活力较为稳定。在较佳条件下,考察了添加阴离子、非离子表面活性剂对测定脂肪酶活力的影响,实验结果表明,非离子表面活性剂对测定脂肪酶活力的影响较小。将该分析方法应用于市售洗涤产品中脂肪酶活力的测定,研究结果显示,方法可用于液体洗涤剂和洗衣粉中脂肪酶活力的测定,但需严格控制洗涤剂或洗衣粉溶液的温度及pH。 The activity of lipase was determined by alkali titration method and the conditions for the determination of lipase activity were studied.Results showed that the lipase activity is stable when the volume fraction of olive oil is 25% and the temperature is 40 ℃,pH=7.5.Under such conditions,the effects of adding anionic and nonionic surfactants were investigated.Results showed that effect of nonionic surfactants on the activity of lipase is less than that of anionic surfactants.Finally,the analysis method was applied to determine the activity of lipase in the commercial detergent products.Results showed that the method can be used for the determination of lipase activity in both liquid detergent and laundry powder.However,the temperature and pH value of the detergent solution should be controlled strictly during the conduction of the determination. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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小球藻类金属硫蛋白抗紫外辐射的作用研究 Protective effect of Zn-MT-like extracted from C.vulgaris for NIH/3T3 cells against ultraviolet irradiation 杨红, 黄晓淳, 黄婧筠, 彭爱红, 黄志勇 2017 (1):  28-31.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.006 摘要 ( 276 )   PDF(3064KB) ( 404 )   建立了小鼠胚胎成纤维(NIH/3T3)细胞紫外辐射损伤的实验模型,考察小球藻类金属硫蛋白(Zn-MT-like)对NIH/3T3细胞紫外辐射的保护作用。结果表明,小球藻Zn-MT-like对NIH/3T3细胞的生长无抑制作用,且具有较强的抗紫外辐射能力。质量浓度为10 g/L的小球藻Zn-MT-like可显著减少NIH/3T3细胞空泡、降低细胞裂解的程度,可使经紫外辐射的NIH/3T3细胞保持较好的活性。 A laboratory model for testing ultraviolet irradiation damage of fibroblast (NIH/3T3) of mouse embryo was established;and it was applied for examination of protective effect of Zine-binding metallothionein-like (Zn-MT-like) extracted from C.vulgaris for NIH/3T3 cells against ultraviolet irradiation.Results showed that the Zn-MT-like presents a strong protective effect for the NH/3T3 cells from irradiation damage.For example,the Zn-MT-like at mass concentration of 10 g/L can effectively reduce the NIH/3T3 cell cavity and cell fragmentation under the ultraviolet irradiation,and maintaining rather good cell activity. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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汉麻粉中防晒成分的提取条件研究 Study on extraction conditions of ultraviolet absorption components from hemp powder 甘亮, 张晨, 杨雪芳, 牛玉莲, 张志伟 2017 (1):  32-35.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.007 摘要 ( 323 )   PDF(730KB) ( 289 )   采用乙醇提取法提取汉麻粉中的防晒成分,通过溶液法和3M胶带法测定其上层清液和下层沉淀的吸光度,以吸光度为指标优化提取工艺。首先在室温条件下进行初步探索,然后考察提取温度、提取时间和汉麻粉混悬液的质量分数对吸光度的影响。实验结果表明,乙醇提取法可以提取出汉麻粉中的防晒成分(主要吸收波长在200～350 nm之间);乙醇提取汉麻粉中防晒成分的较佳条件为:提取温度55 ℃,提取时间1 h,汉麻粉质量分数15%。 Ethanol extraction method was used to extract the ultraviolet (UV) absorption active components in hemp powder.The UV absorbance of the supernatant liquid and the bottom sediment was determined by solution method and 3M tape method respectively.The extraction process was optimized with the UV absorbance as the index.Firstly,the experiment was carried out to explore an appropriate extraction process at room temperature.Then,factors like time,temperature and mass fraction of hemp powder in the suspension were tested to investigate their influence on UV absorbance.Results showed that ethanol is suitable to be used to extract the sunscreen active ingredients in the hemp powder (the main absorption wavelength is between 200 and 350 nm),and the optimum extraction conditions of the sunscreen ingredients are:extraction temperature,55 ℃;extraction time,1 h;mass fraction of the hemp powder,15%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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大鲵肽在牙膏中的应用研究 Research on application of peptide from flesh of artificial raised Andrias davidianus in toothpaste 赵冠华, 佟长青, 李伟, 曲敏 2017 (1):  36-39.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.008 摘要 ( 334 )   PDF(705KB) ( 357 )   采用酶法从人工饲养大鲵肉中提取得到大鲵肽,利用串联飞行时间质谱仪(MALDI-TOF/TOF)测定其分子量主要为1 422,1 521,1 746,1 828和1 879,均小于2 000,酶解产物大鲵肽为低聚肽。将提取到的大鲵肽应用到牙膏中,应用自由基清除活性评价方法研究了大鲵肽牙膏的抗氧化活性。结果表明,牙膏中添加质量分数为0.1%的大鲵肽可达到较好的抗氧化效果,其牙膏水溶液具有清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基以及ABTS自由基的能力。 A kind of peptide was isolated from flesh of artificial raised Andrias davidianus via enzymolysis.Molecular weight of the peptide was measured as 1 422,1 521,1 746,1 828 and 1 879 with a tandem time-of-flight MS system (MALDI-TOF/TOF).All the molecular weight values are lower than 2 000;and showed that the enzymolysis product is a kind of oligopeptide.The peptide extracted from Andrias davidianus was applied in formulation of toothpaste,and its antioxidation activity was examined based on method for determination of free radical scavenging activity.Results showed that when mass fraction of the peptide extract in the toothpaste formulation achieves 0.1%,rather good antioxidation effect can be obtained.Aqueous solution of the toothpaste is capable to scavenge DPPH free radicals,hydroxyl free radicals,superoxide anion radicals and ABTS free radicals. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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微乳液形成与农药微乳剂开发现状 Formation of microemulsion and status of development of the pesticide microemulsions 孙陈铖, 董帆, 袁小勇, 冒慧颖, 沈亚明, 冯建国 2017 (1):  40-45.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.009 摘要 ( 312 )   PDF(771KB) ( 411 )   概述了微乳液形成及稳定机理以及影响微乳液形成及稳定的因素和表征手段;介绍了农药微乳剂的配方组成及质量指标,列举了国内研究者目前在农药微乳剂形成及稳定方面取得的成果,并分析了当前农药微乳剂研究开发中存在的问题,同时对今后农药微乳剂的发展提出了相应对策。 Formation and stabilization mechanism of microemulsions,and influencing factors for formation and stability of the microemulsions as well as their characterization methods were summarized.Composition,formulation and quality indices of the pesticide microemulsions were presented.Current achievements with respect to formation and stabilization of the pesticide microemulsions in China were introduced,and existing problems in the research and development of the pesticide microemulsions were discussed.Meanwhile corresponding countermeasures for the development of pesticide microemulsions in future were put forward. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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黑素合成相关MITF基因及其表达研究概况 Situation of research work with respect to melanogenesis-associated MITF gene and its expression 杨鹏欣, 刘蕾, 马来记, 何聪芬 2017 (1):  46-51.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.010 摘要 ( 2412 )   PDF(900KB) ( 786 )   小眼畸形相关转录因子(MITF)是黑素合成过程中最重要的转录因子。介绍了MITF基因及其转录水平的调控;综述了MITF蛋白及其对黑素细胞作用和黑素合成的调控,其主要通过调控酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因家族来控制黑素细胞的生存和分化以及黑素的合成、转运和分布;介绍了MITF在化妆品、医学方面的应用研究现状,并对其在该领域的应用和研究趋势进行了展望。 Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the most important transcription factor in the melanogenesis process.MITF gene and its regulation of transcription level were presented.MITF protein and its action on melanocyte and regulation of melanogenesis,mainly via regulation of tyrosinase (TYR) gene family to control the survival and differentiation of melonocyte as well as conduction of the melanogenesis,its transportation and distribution were summarized.The application situation and prospect of MITF on cosmetics and medicine development were discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中22种紫外吸收剂 Determination of 22 kinds of ultraviolet absorbent by high performance liquid chromatography in cosmetics 崔凤杰, 谷婕, 张坤, 时文春, 张慧敏 2017 (1):  52-56.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.011 摘要 ( 357 )   PDF(734KB) ( 505 )   建立了一种高效液相色谱同时测定防晒类化妆品中22种紫外吸收剂的方法。以四氢呋喃或V(四氢呋喃)∶V(水)∶V(甲醇)=9∶6∶5的混合溶液提取化妆品中的紫外吸收剂,以Agilent C18色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-高氯酸水溶液-四氢呋喃-乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,在检测波长311 nm处进行测定。结果表明,22种紫外吸收剂的色谱峰实现良好分离,线性范围为0.1~500 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.999,定量限均不高于4.6 mg/L,加标回收率为85.6%~101.0%。建立的方法线性范围宽、定量限低、灵敏度高、结果准确可靠,能够满足《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)对紫外吸收剂的检测要求。 An analytical method for simultaneous detection of 22 kinds of ultraviolet (UV) absorbent in sunscreen cosmetics was established by using HPLC.After the cosmetic samples were extracted by tetrahydrofuran (THF) or mixed solvent with V(THF)∶V(water)∶V(methanol)=9∶6∶5,the extracted components were separated using Agilent C18 column with gradient elution by a mixed solvent composed of methanol-perchloric acid aqueous solution-THF-acetonitrile with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and detected by a diode array detector (DAD) at 311 nm.The results showed that 22 kinds of UV absorbent were separated and detected well.The linearity relationship is within 0.1-500 mg/L.The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.999.The limit of quantification (LOQ) of all kinds of the UV absorbent is not higher than 4.6 mg/L.The spiked recovery rate is between 85.6% and 101.0%.In conclusion,the method was accurate and reliable with wide linear range,low LOQ and high sensitivity,which satisfies the requirement specified in China Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 edition). 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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抑汗类化妆品中锆的测定方法研究 Determination of zirconium in anti-perspiration cosmetics 陈志涛, 蒋珍娟 2017 (1):  57-60.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.01.012 摘要 ( 243 )   PDF(789KB) ( 340 )   建立了偶氮胂Ⅲ分光光度法测定化妆品中锆的含量。考察了显色剂用量、显色时间、显色温度以及共存离子对吸光度的影响,优化了测定条件。结果表明,室温下显色30 min,吸收波长664 nm处,锆的线性范围为2～10 mg/L,相关系数R2＝0.999 9,方法检出限为59 mg/kg,定量限为72 mg/kg,RSD=3.23%,回收率为88.8%～109.2%。常见共存离子K+、Na+、Ba2+、Sb3+、Pb2+等对测定锆无干扰。该方法可靠、准确,适用于化妆品中锆的测定。 An arsenazo Ⅲ spectrophotometric method for determining zirconium content in anti-perspiration cosmetics was established.The effects of dosage of chromogenic agent,time and temperature for chromogenic action,as well as the coexisting ions on the absorbance were investigated.Results showed that under room temperature,absorbing wavelength of 664 nm and 30 min for chromogenic action are the suitable conditions.The linear range for zirconium content is 2~10 mg/L and the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.999 9;the detection limit is 59 mg/kg;the limit of quantification is 72 mg/kg;RSD achieves 3.23%;the spiked recovery achieves 88.8%~109.2%.Common coexisting ions,such as K+,Na+,Ba2+,Sb3+,Pb2+ and so on show no interference to the determination of zirconium.The method is reliable,accurate and suitable for the determination of zirconium in cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标