当期目录

2016年, 第46卷, 第12期　刊出日期：2016-12-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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1,2-丙二醇、水及其混合溶剂体系中AEO9的氢键缔合状态研究 Hydrogen bond association state of AEO9 in 1,2-propylene glycol, water and their mixed solvents 赵刘晨,张辉,王万绪 2016 (12):  671-676.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.001 摘要 ( 366 )   利用密度泛函理论(DFT)分析了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)分别与1,2-丙二醇和水2种溶剂分子间的氢键作用,探究了它们彼此的缔合状态与体系黏度之间的关系。结果表明,溶剂分子与AEO9亲水头基之间存在弱氢键(CH…O)和强氢键(OH…O) 2种氢键,并与AEO9的疏溶剂效应共同影响体系的黏度。另外,考察了AEO9在1,2-丙二醇/水混合溶剂中的表面张力随1,2-丙二醇质量分数的变化,并结合半经验算法(PM7)进一步分析发现1,2-丙二醇的引入会使得单个水分子形成的氢键数目增多,从而导致三元混合物的性质发生改变。 Hydrogen bonding between fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO9) molecule and two separate solvent molecules,1,2-propylene glycol and H2O was examined by using the Gaussian density functional theory (DFT) in order to explore the relationship between them and the viscosity of the system.Results showed that,there are two kinds of hydrogen bond,the weak bond (CH…O) and strong bond (OH…O) between solvent molecules and the hydrophilic head group of AEO9;and they jointly affect the viscosity of the system with the solvophobic effect of AEO9.In addition,the changes of surface tension of AEO9 in 1,2-propylene glycol/H2O mixed solvent with the content of 1,2-propylene glycol were investigated.And in combination with the semi empirical algorithm PM7 for further analysis,it was found that the introduction of 1,2-propylene glycol will increase the number of hydrogen bonds formed by a single water molecule,which leads to a chemical property change of the three binary mixture systems. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅻ) ——含氟灭火剂 Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅻ) Fluorocarbon-containing fire extinguishing agent 窦增培,葛峰,何学昌,姜红红,邢航,肖进新 2016 (12):  677-683.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.002 摘要 ( 322 )   PDF(876KB) ( 456 )   介绍了氟表面活性剂在水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)、氟蛋白泡沫灭火剂(FP)、成膜氟蛋白泡沫灭火剂(FFFP)、抗复燃超细干粉灭火剂以及Halon灭火剂替代物中的应用。分析了国内研究生产现状,对含氟灭火剂的发展趋势和前景进行了展望。 Various types of fluorocarbon-containing fire extinguishing agent were introduced,including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF),fluoro-protein foam (FP),film-forming fluoro-protein foam (FFFP),anti-burn back superfine powder and Halon-substituted fire extinguishing agents.The current situation of research work and industrial production were described.Finally,the trend of development and outlook for fluorocarbon-containing fire extinguishing agents in China were presented. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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响应面法优化松香基咪唑啉合成工艺及缓蚀性能研究 Optimization of synthesis of rosin based imidazoline by response surface method and study of its corrosion inhibition performance 郭睿,李晓芳,唐宏科,王超 2016 (12):  684-689.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.003 摘要 ( 330 )   PDF(1811KB) ( 247 )   以3-氯-2-羟基丙烷磺酸钠为季铵化试剂,松香和二乙烯三胺为原料,聚乙二醇600为相转移催化剂,合成了松香基咪唑啉。在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化松香基咪唑啉的合成工艺条件为:反应时间5 h、催化剂用量为松香基咪唑啉中间体物质的量的14%、反应温度123 ℃、n(3-氯-2-羟基丙烷磺酸钠)∶n(松香基咪唑啉中间体)=0.89∶1、m(水)∶m(异丙醇)=2.14∶1,在此条件下松香基咪唑啉中间体进行SN2亲核取代生成NaCl的含量最高,为12.73%。采用红外光谱和核磁共振(13C NMR)对较佳工艺条件下合成的松香基咪唑啉的结构进行了表征,同时测定了其在盐酸介质中的缓蚀性能,测试结果表明,以占盐酸质量0.6%的松香基咪唑啉作为缓蚀剂,在质量分数为15%的盐酸介质中30 ℃下腐蚀48 h,其对A3钢片的缓蚀率可达84.79%。 Rosin based imidazoline was synthesized with rosin and diethylenetriamine as raw materials,sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate as quaternization agent and polyethylene glycol 600 as phase transfer catalyst.Based upon results obtained from single factor experiments and using response surface method,the optimal synthesis conditions were determined as:reaction time,5 h;dosage of the catalyst,14% of the amount of matter of rosin based imidazoline intermediate;reaction temperature,123 ℃;n(sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propane sulfonate)∶n(rosin based imidazoline intermediate),0.89∶1;m(water)∶m(isopropanol),2.14∶1.Under the above-mentioned conditions,SN2 substitution of rosin based imidazoline intermediate could reach maximum,and the value is 12.73%.The structure of rosin based imidazoline was characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR under the optimum conditions,and the corrosion inhibition performance of the product were measured.The results showed that when a steel sample that is dipped in 15% mass fraction hydrochloric acid under 30 ℃ for 48 h,with 0.6% mass fraction of rosin based imidazoline as corrosion inhibitor the corrosion inhibition rate of the steel sample could reach 84.79%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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毕赤酵母表面展示脂肪酶催化合成肉豆蔻酸糖酯 Synthesis of myristic acid sugar ester catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B displaying Pichia pastoris 陈文,陈小燕,戴殷,王志刚,卢志敏 2016 (12):  690-696.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.004 摘要 ( 298 )   PDF(862KB) ( 417 )   研究了毕赤酵母表面展示脂肪酶(CALB)全细胞催化剂的较佳活性条件,结果显示,适宜的反应温度为50～60 ℃。以CALB为催化剂,比较了不同底物对糖酯合成的影响。以1,2-O-异亚丙基-D-呋喃葡萄糖(IpGlc)为酰基受体,肉豆蔻酸为酰基供体,考察了有机溶剂种类、CALB的添加量、底物摩尔比、分子筛的添加量、初始水活度对合成6-O-肉豆蔻基-1,2-O-异亚丙基-α-D-呋喃型葡萄糖酯(IpGlc-C14)的影响,得到较佳的合成条件为:丙酮5 mL、CALB(干粉)0.3 g、n(IpGlc)∶n(肉豆蔻酸)=1∶3 (其中IpGlc 0.5 mmol)、4A分子筛0 g、初始水活度aw=0.11、反应温度50 ℃、200 r/min反应72 h。在此条件下,IpGlc-C14的收率为91.25%。比较了CALB和固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435对IpGlc-C14合成的反应进程的影响,结果显示使用Novozym 435的反应速率快,而CALB的最终收率较高。 The enzyme activity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) displaying Pichia pastoris was investigated.Results showed that the enzyme displays the highest activity at 50~60 ℃.Effect of separate substrates catalyzing by CALB was compared.In a case using 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (IpGlc) as the acyl receptor and myristic acid as the acyl donor,the effect of the polarity of organic solvent,the dosage of catalyst,the molar ratio of the substrates,the dosage of 4A molecular sieve,and initial water activity was studied.The suitable reaction conditions are as follows:acetone,5 mL;CALB (dry powder),0.3 g;n(IpGlc)∶n(myristic acid)=1∶3 (with IpGlc 0.5 mmol);no 4A molecular sieve to be used;water activity,aw=0.11;reaction temperature,50 ℃;agitator speed,200 r/min for 72 h.The final yield achieves 91.25%.IpGlc-C14 reaction results of using CALB and Novozym 435 were compared and showed that Novozym 435 displays higher reaction rate,and CALB displays higher final yield. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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湿法球磨改性蒙脱土及其稳定液体石蜡/水Pickering乳液的制备 Preparation of liquid paraffin/water Pickering emulsions stabilized by modified montmorillonite with wet ball mill method 颜慧琼,陈秀琼,宋煌旺,李嘉诚,王向辉,林强 2016 (12):  697-702.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.005 摘要 ( 277 )   PDF(3558KB) ( 319 )   以钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,采用湿法球磨法制备双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)插层的改性蒙脱土(DDA-MMT),并在超声作用下乳化液体石蜡制得O/W型Pickering乳液。通过XRD、TEM、FT-IR、接触角测量仪和Zeta电位及激光粒度仪对DDA-MMT进行了表征。考察了DDA-MMT颗粒质量浓度、水相pH和离子强度对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在球磨机械力作用下DDAB成功插入Na-MMT的片层间,使Na-MMT的平均粒径、Zeta电位和三相接触角分别由910.7 nm,-26.8 mV和121.7°变为603.8 nm,38.3 mV和86.9°。与Na-MMT颗粒相比,DDA-MMT颗粒更容易在油/水界面间聚集而具有更好的乳化稳定性。随着DDA-MMT颗粒质量浓度的增大,Pickering 乳液液滴粒径减小,乳液体积分数增大,稳定性增强。当水相pH=6.26～8.36,c(NaCl)=20 mmol/L时,由DDA-MMT颗粒乳化制备的Pickering乳液稳定性较佳。 Wet ball mill method was applied to prepare modified montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) by the intercalation of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) with Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as the basic material.Then the resultant DDA-MMT was applied to emulsify liquid paraffin to form O/W Pickering emulsions under the action of ultrasound.The resultant DDA-MMT was characterized by XRD,TEM,FT-IR,contact angle measurement,Zeta potential and laser particle size analyzer.The effects of DDA-MMT mass concentration,pH of aqueous phase and ionic strength on the stability of the Pickering emulsions were also investigated.Experimental results showed that DDAB has successfully intercalated into the interlayer of Na-MMT under the mechanical action of the ball mill,causing the size,Zeta potential and three phase contact angle change from 910.7 nm,-26.8 mV and 121.7° to 603.8 nm,38.3 mV and 86.9° respectively.In comparison with Na-MMT particles,DDA-MMT particles are more easily to aggregate between the oil-water interfaces and displays better emulsification stability.With the increasing of DDA-MMT mass concentration,the particle size of the Pickering emulsions decreases,the volume fraction of the emulsion increases and the stability of the emulsion becomes better.When the pH of aqueous phase is in the range of 6.26～8.36,and the NaCl concentration is 20 mmol/L,the stability of the Pickering emulsion prepared by DDA-MMT is in the best condition. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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“太空人参酵母”在化妆品中潜在应用研究 Study on potential applications of “space ginseng yeast” in cosmetics 宋肖洁,周春霞,吴越 2016 (12):  703-708.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.006 摘要 ( 321 )   PDF(5922KB) ( 414 )   通过体外细胞平台,从多角度对应用太空育种技术和现代发酵技术而获得的“太空人参酵母”提取物进行功效验证,为其在化妆品中的应用提供理论依据和科学指导。结果揭示“太空人参酵母”可以明显促进人原代角质细胞的增殖能力、克隆形成能力及划痕修复能力,并且可以促进基底层基底源生蛋白(Perlecan)的表达;此外“太空人参酵母”还有助于重离子辐照后的人原代成纤维细胞恢复细胞形态,恢复基底源生蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白表达的能力。以上结果表明,“太空人参酵母”具有提高细胞再生能力的活性,具有应用于促肌肤再生类化妆品的潜力。 Through the in vitro cell-based assay,a series of experiments to investigate the efficacy of “space ginseng yeast”,which were obtained from space breeding technology and modern fermentation engineering were conducted in order to provide theoretical basis and scientific guide for the potential applications in cosmetic areas from various aspects.The results showed that this active ingredient can improve the proliferation capacity,colony forming efficiency and scratch repair ability of the KC.Moreover,it can significantly increase the expression of Perlecan which is key protein in the basal layer of the human skin.Meanwhile,“space ginseng yeast” can help the cell morphological recovery and improve the Perlecan,collagen Ⅰ and ELASTIN expression on the fibroblasts after heavy ion irradiation.All of these results showed that the “space ginseng yeast” displays potential applications on skin regeneration in cosmetic industry. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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去屑香波中吡啶硫酮锌的沉积机理研究 Study for deposition of zinc pyrithione in anti-dandruff shampoo 牛丽娟,瞿欣,EmmanuelEveraert 2016 (12):  709-713.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.007 摘要 ( 338 )   PDF(5499KB) ( 478 )   通过测试去屑香波的絮胶形态、皮肤上吡啶硫酮锌(ZPT)的沉积量及漂白头发的梳理性,对比不同阳离子聚合物和硅油粒径大小对ZPT的覆盖均匀程度和沉积量的作用效果。研究发现:体系中由于同时存在小粒径硅油(SPS)和ZPT的过度积聚,大部分阳离子聚合物不适用于SPS去屑香波中,而改性瓜儿胶由于其特殊的表面处理,不会形成过度絮胶,适用于SPS去屑香波,保证ZPT有效沉积并提供优越调理性;而含大粒径硅油(LPS)的去屑香波中ZPT有效沉积与阳离子聚合物的电荷密度和分子量成正比。 Morphological properties of flocculation in anti-dandruff shampoo,deposition of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) on human skin as well as combing performance of human hair were examined.Effect of various cationic polymers and particle size of silicones with respect to uniformity of ZPT covering and deposition were compared.The results showed that since the co-existence of small particle size silicone (SPS) in the system and over-flocculation of ZPT,most of cationic polymers are not suitable to be used in anti-dandruff shampoo;while surface modified cationic guar which helps to avoid formation of over-flocculation,can provide better conditioning performance and deliver high effective deposition of ZPT in SPS anti-dandruff shampoo.For anti-dandruff shampoo with large particle size silicone (LPS),the deposition effect of ZPT is direct proportional to the charge density and molecular weight of cationic polymer in the shampoo. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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化橘红黄酮提取及膏状抗氧化面膜的制备 Preparation of Exocarpium Citri grandis extract and antioxidation mask 彭颖,邱松山,莫梓杰,周如金 2016 (12):  714-717.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.008 摘要 ( 328 )   PDF(757KB) ( 320 )   采用乙醇浸提法将化橘红中的黄酮提取分离得到乙醇提取物。研究了提取温度、料液比、乙醇体积分数对黄酮提取率的影响。以单因素试验为基础,通过正交试验优化了化橘红中黄酮的乙醇浸提工艺。确定较佳工艺条件为:提取温度80 ℃,料液比1∶50 (g∶mL),乙醇体积分数80%。在此条件下,黄酮的提取率为3.19%。以具有抗氧化功能的VC和没食子酸丙酯(PG)作为标准参照,将化橘红提取液加到面膜中,研制出具有抗氧化活性的面膜产品,为化橘红资源应用指出新方向。 Ethanol extract containing flavonoids from Exocarpium Citri grandis was prepared by extraction using ethanol as the extraction solvent.The impact of extraction temperature,ratio of solid to liquid materials and volume fraction of the ethanol solvent on the extraction rate of flavonoids were examined.Based on the single factor tests results,the ethanol extraction process of flavonoids in Exocarpium Citri grandis was optimized by orthogonal experiment.The optimum conditions were identified as follows:extraction temperature,80 ℃;ratio of solid material to solvent (g∶mL),1∶50;and ethanol volume fraction,80%.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of flavonoids achieves 3.19%.The extract was added into the mask raw material to cause the antioxidation activity of the mask products with vitamin C and propyl gallate (PG) as standard reference,so as to develop new direction for the application of local orange resources. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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采用主成分与聚类分析对市售保湿乳液感官评价的研究 Sensory evaluation of commercial moisturizing lotions based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis 王飞飞,马骁,莫隽颖,吴梦洁,殷园园,林文强 2016 (12):  718-722.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.009 摘要 ( 402 )   PDF(827KB) ( 471 )   以26款市售保湿乳液为研究对象,采用定量描述分析(QDA)法对保湿乳液手部使用结束后0,2和5 min 3个阶段的肤感进行评价。采用主成分(或主分量)分析(PCA)法和凝聚层次聚类(AHC)分析法对评价结果进一步分析。PCA的结果显示,本次考察的感官属性共提取出2个主成分,其特征值分别为4.182和2.611,前2个主成分累计方差贡献率达到84.91%。其中第1主成分描述了皮肤吸收,包括3个阶段的滋润感和柔软性;第2主成分描述了皮肤残留,包括3个阶段的黏滞感。结合AHC分析,结果表明26款市售产品可分为2类,第1和2类分别包含12和14款市售产品。该研究成功将26款市售保湿乳液分布在主成分图中,并对其进行了分类。 The skin status of human hand after using 26 kinds of commercial moisturizing lotions for three stages as just completion of smearing,2 and 5 min after the smearing respectively was investigated employing quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA).Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis were adopted for further study.The results of PCA showed that two principal components (with eigenvalues of 4.182 and 2.611 respectively) were extracted from the sensory characteristics.In addition,the first two principal components accounted for 84.91%,one of which describes the skin absorption including three stages of moisturizing sense and softness,and the another describes remnant on the skin covering three stages of stickness sensation.Furthermore,in combination with AHC analysis,the results indicated that the 26 kinds of commercial moisturizer can be classified into two types which contain 12 and 14 kinds of market product respectively.The 26 kinds of commercial moisturizing lotion were successfully distributed into principal component distribution diagram,and were classified in this study. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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含多重结构包覆载体技术的研究进展 Progress in research work with respect to multiple structures applied in encapsulation technology 罗绍强,张晨,文静,牛玉莲,张志伟 2016 (12):  723-728.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.010 摘要 ( 342 )   PDF(2392KB) ( 369 )   概述了多重结构乳状液的结构类型、制备方法及其在药品、化妆品等领域的应用,综述了含多重结构的包覆载体,包括了脂质体、微胶囊和固体脂质纳米粒及其制备方法与研究现状,阐述了含多重结构的包覆载体的特性。 Based on the overview of types and preparation methods for multiple structure emulsions as well as their applications in the areas of preparation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,the status of research work with respect to encapsulation technologies that containing multiple structures,such as liposomes,microcapsule and solid lipid nanoparticles were summarized.Meanwhile,the characteristics of multiple structure encapsulation products were described. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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火山泥金属元素种类、含量和菌落分析 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals and detection of colony in volcano mud 姜莹芳,尹兆明,张亚刚,王彩云,曹嘉洌 2016 (12):  729-732.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.12.011 摘要 ( 285 )   PDF(781KB) ( 286 )   采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)结合质谱(MS)联用技术,对新疆乌苏天山泥火山土壤样品的金属元素组成及其含量进行测定。ICP-MS分析结果显示,未经任何处理的火山泥中K和Na的质量分数分别约为1.7%和1.5%,总碱金属的质量分数大于3.2%,Mg和Ca的质量分数分别约为0.9%和0.4%,总碱土金属的质量分数大于1.3%,说明未经处理的火山泥碱性、刺激性和腐蚀性较强;且其中的重金属元素Hg和Pb的含量均符合国家规范,As的含量略超过国家规范;未经过任何处理的火山泥中含有人体所需元素(Zn,Mn和Cu),符合《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)中规定的总质量分数不能超过1%的国家标准,但含有《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)中不允许含有的Cr和Cd,其中w(Cr)=69.14 μg/g,w(Cd)=0.28 μg/g。菌落测试结果表明,除菌落总数超过《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)所要求的值外,粪大肠菌群、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均未检出,霉菌和酵母菌总数低于国家标准。 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in samples of mud from Xinjiang Wusu Tianshan volcano.ICP-MS analysis results showed that for the volcanic mud without any treatment,K mass fraction is 1.7%;Na mass fraction is 1.5%;total alkali metal mass fraction is more than 3.2%;Mg mass fraction is 0.9%;Ca mass fraction is 0.4%;and total alkaline earth metal mass fraction is more than 1.3%.The overall results indicate that the untreated volcanic mud is rather highly alkaline,irritant and corrosive;Hg and Pb mass fraction meet national health standards requirements;but mass fraction of As is slightly higher than national health standards.The results also showed that the total mass fraction of Zn,Mn and Cu is in line with the provisions of Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 ed),which is below 1% according to the national standards.In accordance with Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 ed),Cr and Cd are not allowed while the analysis results showed that Cr mass fraction is 69.14 μg/g,and Cd mass fraction is 0.28 μg/g.Overall microbial colony detection results showed that there are no fecal coliforms,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in the sample and the total content of mold and yeast are not over than the provisions in the national standard.However,total number of colonies exceeds the provision in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 ed). 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标