高产生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂的制备及性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.09.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低生物表面活性剂使用成本且缓解厨余油带来的环境压力,从实验室前期原油污染土壤筛选保存的菌株出发,通过原油培养基初筛和乳化指数、表面张力测定等复筛,筛选具有较高表面活性的菌株。同时通过单因素实验优化生物表面活性剂A产量,并对其理化性质、乳化性和增溶性进行表征。实验结果表明,通过筛选获得一株具有较高表面活性的菌株铜绿假单胞菌AY-1（Pseudomonas aeruginosa AY-1）。该菌株在35 ℃、pH 8.0、摇床转速180 r/min、厨余油50 g/L、硝酸钠2 g/L发酵96 h产生5.86 g/L鼠李糖脂,其临界胶束质量浓度（cmc）为200 mg/L,且在温度4~120 ℃、pH 2~12和NaCl含量0~20%（w/%）等条件下均具有较高表面张力稳定性。同时进一步研究了该菌株产生的鼠李糖脂对不同疏水化合物（甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、庚烷和十六烷）的乳化性能和多环芳烃（菲和芘）的增溶效果,结果表明该菌株产生的鼠李糖脂对十六烷的乳化效果最好且对多环芳烃中的菲和芘具有明显的增溶效果。

关键词: 生物表面活性剂, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AY-1, 厨余油, 鼠李糖脂, 表面活性

Abstract:

In order to reduce the cost of biosurfactant in various industries and alleviate the environmental pressure caused by kitchen waste oil, a strain with higher surface activity was screened out through preliminary screening of crude oil medium and re-screening of emulsification index and surface tension measurement from preserved strains with crude oil-contaminated soil in the early stage. In addition, biosurfactant produced by this strain was extracted by acid precipitation-organic solvent extraction, such as acid precipitation-ethyl acetate and acid precipitation-（V_chloroform∶V_methanol=2∶1）. Further, the biosurfactant production of this bacteria was optimized by single factor experiment and physical-chemical properties, emulsification and solubilization of biosurfactant were characterized. The experimental results show that a strain with higher surface activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AY-1, is obtained through screening. This strain is fermented to produce 5.86 g/L biosurfactant which are characterized as rhamnolipids when the fermentation conditions are 35 ℃, pH=8.0, shaker speed 180 r/min, kitchen waste 50 g/L, sodium nitrate 2 g/L and fermentation time 96 h. The critical micelle mass concentration （cmc） of rhamnolipid produced by this strain is 200 mg/L, and the surface tension of rhamnolipids changes little when rhamnolipid is in all kinds of conditions such as temperature （4-120 ℃）, pH=2-12 and the content of NaCl （0-20%, w/%）. At the same time, the emulsification performance on different hydrophobic compounds （methylbenzene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and n-hexadecane） and solubilization effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （phenanthrene and pyrene） of rhamnolipids produced by this strain were further studied. Results show that the rhamnolipids produced by this strain have the best emulsification effect on n-hexadecane and significant solubilization effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （phenanthrene and pyrene）.

Key words: biosurfactant, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AY-1, kitchen waste oil, rhamnolipid, surface activity

中图分类号:

TQ423

郑兰健,臧颖,林潼,谢懿雯,王红蕾. 高产生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂的制备及性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业, 2022, 52(9): 937-944.

Zheng Lanjian,Zang Ying,Lin Tong,Xie Yiwen,Wang Honglei. The production of high yield biosurfactant rhamnolipid and performance research[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(9): 937-944.

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菌株编号	E_24石蜡油	表面张力值/（mN/m）
AY-1	60.0%±2.1%	29.56±0.12
L1	53.0%±1.5%	32.31±0.07

萃取方法	生物表面活性剂A的产量/ （g/L）
酸沉-乙酸乙酯萃取	1.75±0.11
酸沉- （V_氯仿∶V_甲醇=2∶1）萃取	1.46±0.14