植物提取物防脱生发机制研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2021.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

脱发是一种常见的皮肤性疾病,随着人们生活节奏的加快,脱发现象变得越来越严重,给人们的精神、心理健康产生了极大的影响。毛囊是控制毛发生长的皮肤附属器官,对药物、激素等体外因素十分敏感,而植物提取物可以延长毛囊生长期,阻止毛囊从生长期进入退行期,促进毛囊从休止期到生长期的转变,促进毛发生长。文章综合分析近年来国内外关于植物提取物在生发育发应用中的研究成果,概述植物提取物对毛囊细胞不同信号通路的调控机制,以期为植物提取物生发育发的机制研究和临床脱发治疗药物开发提供理论依据。

关键词: 植物提取物, 脱发, 生发育发, 机制

Abstract:

Hair loss is a common disease, which is becoming more and more serious. It may cause emotional and psychological distress to patients, although it is not life-threatening. To date, the number of patients suffering from hair loss or alopecia has increased dramatically. Although two hair loss drugs, finasteride and minoxidil, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, their efficacy is limited and transient, due to low efficacy and undesirable side effects, such as pruritis, dryness, scaling, local irritation and dermatitis. Therefore, development of new products for alopecia treatment is one of the most attractive opportunities for the cosmetic industry. Many patients have attempted to find therapeutic herbs or compounds that function as safer and more potent treatments for alopecia. Hair follicle is the skin accessory organ that controls hair growth, and it is very sensitive to drugs, hormones and other factors. The hair growth cycle consists of three phases: anagen （growth phase）, catagen （regression phase）, and telogen （resting phase）. Dysregulation of the hair growth cycle has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of alopecia. Herbs or plant extracts can help prolong the anagen phase of hair follicle, prevent the progression from the anagen phase to the catagen phase, or promote the change from the telogen phrase to the anagen phase. Several traditional herbal medicines have been widely used for treating alopecia or preventing hair loss, with minimal or no side effects or toxicities. Hair growth was genetically regulated by many proteins and factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, β-catenin, keratinocyte growth factor （KGF）, hepatocyte growth factor （HGF）, sonic hedgehog （Shh）, transformation growth factor-β （TGF-β）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and 5α-reductase. This review elucidated the mechanisms of herbs or plant extracts that are relevant to hair loss, in order to provide theoretical basis for preventing and treating hair loss.

Key words: plant extracts, hair loss, hair growth, mechanisms

中图分类号:

TQ658

王强,尚佳伟,陆优,陆荣柱. 植物提取物防脱生发机制研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业, 2021, 51(9): 897-902.

Wang Qiang,Shang Jiawei,Lu You,Lu Rongzhu. Research progress on anti-hair loss mechanisms of plant extracts[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2021, 51(9): 897-902.

图/表 2

图 1

表 1

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植物名称	有效成分	生发效果	机制
迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis）^[11]	12-O-甲基羧酸	促进毛发生长	抑制5α-还原酶
灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）^[12]	提取混合物	促进毛发生长	抑制5α-还原酶
人参（Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer）^[9]	人参皂苷	促进毛发生长	抑制5α-还原酶
女贞子（Ligustrum lucidum Ait.）^[10]	提取混合物	毛囊数量增加	抑制5α-还原酶
锁阳（Cynomorium songaricum）^[12]	提取混合物	促进毛发生长	抑制5α-还原酶
无花果（Ficus carica Linn.）	富马酸、阿魏酸、p-对香豆酸、苹果酸和咖啡基苹果酸	未检测	抑制5α-还原酶,下调VEGF、TNF-α和IL-1
何首乌（Polygonum multiflorum）^[7,12]	2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素	促进毛发生长	抑制5α-还原酶,上调FGF-7、HGF、β-catenin和Shh蛋白
侧柏叶（Cacumen platycladi）^[12,16]	提取混合物	延长毛囊生长期	抑制5α-还原酶,上调β-catenin和Shh蛋白
斑叶芒（Miscanthus sinensis）^[19]	提取混合物	促进毛囊生长	下调TGF-β1和P物质,上调HGF和β-catenin,减少肥大细胞
稻米米糠（Oryza sativa）^[17]	亚油酸、二十八烷醇、核桃酚、γ-谷维素和γ-三烯生育醇	增加毛囊数量、延长毛囊生长期	上调VEGF、IGF-1和KGF,下调TGF-β
旱莲草（Eclipta alba）^[18]	提取混合物	促进毛发生长	下调TGF-β1
淫羊藿（Epimedium spp.）^[22]	淫羊藿苷	延长毛囊生长期,促进毛囊生长	上调IGF-1