高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中禁用磺胺和喹诺酮类化合物

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定化妆品中喹诺酮类、磺胺类等53种抗感染药物的检测方法。样品采用饱和氯化钠分散，体积分数1%甲酸-乙腈溶液超声提取，离心后，以0.1%甲酸水溶液（含1 mmol/L乙酸铵）和0.1%甲酸-甲醇溶液作为流动相，梯度洗脱，并采用电喷雾离子源、正离子多反应监测模式（MRM）测定，外标法定量。结果表明，53种禁用原料线性拟合良好，相关系数大于0.991 0，检出限为0.01~0.1 μg/g，在低、中、高3种加标质量浓度下，磺胺类和喹诺酮类的平均回收率为80.84%~115.09%。筛查的100批次样品中有1批次样品检出磺胺甲噁唑。该方法具有良好灵敏度、选择性和准确性，可用于化妆品中53种抗感染药物测定。

关键词: 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 磺胺类, 喹诺酮类

Abstract:

A method for simultaneous determination of 53 anti-infective drugs such as quinolones and sulfonamides in cosmetics was established by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）. The samples were dispersed with saturated sodium chloride, extracted by ultrasound with 1% acetonitrile formate solution, and centrifuged. 0.1% Formic acid aqueous solution （containing 1 mmol/L ammonium acetate） and 0.1% formic acid methanol solution were chose as mobile phase, gradient elution was used, and electrospray ion source, positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode （MRM） were used for determination with quantitative external standard method. The results show that the linear fitting of the 53 banned raw materials is good, with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.991 0, and the detection limit of 0.01-0.1 μg/g. The average recovery rates of sulfonamides and quinolones are 80.84% to 115.09% at low, medium, and high spiked mass concentrations. Among the 100 batches of samples screened, 1 batch is detected to contain sulfamethoxazole. The method has good sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy, and can be used for the determination of 53 anti-infective drugs in cosmetics.

Key words: high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）, sulfonamides, quinolones

中图分类号:

TQ658

杨飘飘,张静雅,刘红,李丽霞. 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中禁用磺胺和喹诺酮类化合物[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(8): 997-1007.

Piaopiao Yang,Jingya Zhang,Hong Liu,Lixia Li. Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides and quinolones antibiotics in cosmetics by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(8): 997-1007.

图/表 6

表1

禁用原料的质谱参数"

序号	名称	保留时间/min	母离子（m/z）	子离子（m/z）	锥孔电压/V	碰撞能量/eV
1	甲氧苄啶	5.90	291.1	261.0^*	80	36
1	甲氧苄啶	5.90	291.1	123.1	80	35
2	磺胺醋酰	7.25	215.0	108.0^*	20	28
2	磺胺醋酰	7.25	215.0	156.0	20	18
3	磺胺二甲异嘧啶	4.88	279.1	156.0^*	20	27
3	磺胺二甲异嘧啶	4.88	279.1	186.1	20	25
4	磺胺嘧啶	5.30	251.1	156.0^*	20	22
4	磺胺嘧啶	5.30	251.1	108.0	20	36
5	磺胺噻唑	6.09	256.1	156.0^*	20	21
5	磺胺噻唑	6.09	256.1	92.0	20	41
6	磺胺吡啶	2.55	250.1	156.0^*	20	24
6	磺胺吡啶	2.55	250.1	184.1	20	24
7	磺胺甲嘧啶	2.70	265.1	156.0	20	24
7	磺胺甲嘧啶	2.70	265.1	172.0^*	20	23
8	磺胺对甲氧嘧啶	5.59	281.1	156.0^*	20	25
8	磺胺对甲氧嘧啶	5.59	281.1	126.1	20	31
9	磺胺甲二唑	3.46	271.1	156.0	20	21
9	磺胺甲二唑	3.46	271.1	108.0^*	20	37
10	磺胺二甲嘧啶	3.88	279.1	186.1^*	20	25
10	磺胺二甲嘧啶	3.88	279.1	124.1	20	31
11	磺胺甲氧嗪	4.20	281.1	156.0^*	20	25
11	磺胺甲氧嗪	4.20	281.1	126.1	20	31
12	磺胺氯哒嗪	4.57	285.1	156.0	20	21
12	磺胺氯哒嗪	4.57	285.1	92.0^*	20	43
13	磺胺甲噁唑	5.18	254.1	156.0	20	23
13	磺胺甲噁唑	5.18	254.1	108.0^*	20	36
14	磺胺间甲氧嘧啶	5.30	281.1	156.0	20	25
14	磺胺间甲氧嘧啶	5.30	281.1	126.1^*	20	31
15	磺胺多辛	3.77	311.1	156.0^*	20	28
15	磺胺多辛	3.77	311.1	108.0	20	40
16	磺胺二甲异噁唑	5.70	268.1	113.1	20	22
16	磺胺二甲异噁唑	5.70	268.1	92.0^*	20	42
17	苯酰磺胺	5.98	277.1	92.0	20	41
17	苯酰磺胺	5.98	277.1	156.0^*	20	19
18	酞磺胺噻唑	6.11	404.1	149.0^*	50	32
18	酞磺胺噻唑	6.11	404.1	156.0	50	15
19	磺胺苯吡唑	6.28	315.0	108.0	20	42
19	磺胺苯吡唑	6.28	315.0	156.0^*	20	30
20	磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶	8.24	311.1	156.0	20	28
20	磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶	8.24	311.1	108.0^*	20	40
21	磺胺氯吡嗪	6.64	285.0	156.1	70	24
21	磺胺氯吡嗪	6.64	285.0	92.0^*	70	41
22	琥珀酰磺胺噻唑	7.05	356.2	192.1^*	70	34
22	琥珀酰磺胺噻唑	7.05	356.2	108.0	70	40
23	醋酸磺胺米隆	0.72	187.1	170.2^*	25	13
23	醋酸磺胺米隆	0.72	187.1	106.1	25	24
24	甲磺胺磺隆	10.04	504.1	306.0	60	34
24	甲磺胺磺隆	10.04	504.1	182.2^*	60	34
25	磺胺脒	1.21	215.1	156.1^*	30	22
25	磺胺脒	1.21	215.1	108.0	30	32
26	磺胺喹噁啉	8.52	301.1	156.1^*	30	24
26	磺胺喹噁啉	8.52	301.1	108.0	30	38
27	磺胺	1.39	173.1	156.1^*	30	14
27	磺胺	1.39	173.1	93.0	30	34
28	磺胺二甲恶唑	5.28	268.1	156.0^*	30	23
28	磺胺二甲恶唑	5.28	268.1	108.0	30	38
29	磺胺吡嗪	8.52	329.0	236.0	50	29
29	磺胺吡嗪	8.52	329.0	156.0^*	50	34
30	醋磺胺甲噁唑	7.74	296.0	134.0	50	36
30	醋磺胺甲噁唑	7.74	296.0	108.0^*	50	38
31	氧氟沙星	5.98	362.2	261.1^*	100	38
31	氧氟沙星	5.98	362.2	318.2	100	27
32	安妥沙星	6.00	377.2	333.1	80	29
32	安妥沙星	6.00	377.2	256.1^*	80	40
33	麻保沙星	5.38	363.1	72.0	90	49
33	麻保沙星	5.38	363.1	320.0^*	90	23
34	那氟沙星	10.05	361.1	343.2^*	80	32
34	那氟沙星	10.05	361.1	283.0	80	55
35	帕珠沙星	6.63	319.1	301.1^*	70	29
35	帕珠沙星	6.63	319.1	281.2	70	35
36	依诺沙星	5.98	321.1	232.0	110	46
36	依诺沙星	5.98	321.1	303.1^*	110	27
37	环丙沙星	6.30	332.2	231.0^*	115	50
37	环丙沙星	6.30	332.2	288.1	115	26
38	恩诺沙星	6.50	360.2	245.1	105	38
38	恩诺沙星	6.50	360.2	342.2^*	105	30
39	达氟沙星	6.55	358.1	283.1	70	35
39	达氟沙星	6.55	358.1	340.1^*	70	38
40	加替沙星	7.43	376.2	332.2	70	28
40	加替沙星	7.43	376.2	289.1^*	70	34
41	奥比沙星	6.85	396.1	295.1^*	100	34
41	奥比沙星	6.85	396.1	352.1	100	27
42	司帕沙星	7.93	393.1	375.1	90	32
42	司帕沙星	7.93	393.1	349.2^*	90	29
43	莫西沙星	8.25	402.2	261.1	110	33
43	莫西沙星	8.25	402.2	364.2^*	110	37
44	克林沙星	7.80	366.1	348.1	70	30
44	克林沙星	7.80	366.1	305.1^*	70	33
45	氟罗沙星	5.50	370.2	269.1^*	100	38
45	氟罗沙星	5.50	370.2	326.0	100	27
46	诺氟沙星	6.05	320.1	233.1	110	35
46	诺氟沙星	6.05	320.1	276.1^*	110	25
47	培氟沙星	5.90	334.2	233.1	100	35
47	培氟沙星	5.90	334.2	290.1^*	100	25
48	洛美沙星	6.65	352.2	308.2^*	70	22
48	洛美沙星	6.65	352.2	265.1	70	33
49	双氟沙星	6.86	400.2	299.1^*	110	39
49	双氟沙星	6.86	400.2	356.0	110	28
50	替马沙星	8.30	418.0	400.1	80	38
50	替马沙星	8.30	418.0	331.1	80	41
51	巴洛沙星	8.56	390.1	372.0^*	50	29
51	巴洛沙星	8.56	390.1	315.0	50	33
52	沙拉沙星	7.05	386.2	299.1	120	38
52	沙拉沙星	7.05	386.2	342.1^*	120	26
53	西诺沙星	8.17	263.0	245.0^*	30	22
53	西诺沙星	8.17	263.0	217.1	30	33

表1

图1

图2

图 3

表2

两类基质的线性范围、相关系数和回归方程"

序号	线性范围/（ng/mL）	膏霜乳类基质		液体（水）类基质
序号	线性范围/（ng/mL）	R	回归方程	R	回归方程
1	0.5~15	0.999 1	y=131 620x+22 543	0.998 7	y=130 789x+9 032
2	0.5~15	0.999 3	y=14 920x+1 591	0.999 5	y=15 232x+2 900
3	0.5~15	1.000 0	y=32 952x-1 095	0.999 7	y=34 855x+3 620
4	0.5~15	1.000 0	y=79 507x-7 881	0.999 1	y=78 033x+9 414
5	0.5~10	0.997 1	y=58 808x+9 612	0.999 7	y=69 593x+6 770
6	0.5~10	0.994 1	y=34 696x+10 689	0.998 7	y=47 897x+4 249
7	0.5~15	0.996 5	y=34 045x+9 444	0.998 5	y=44 673x+3 847
8	0.5~15	0.996 5	y=10 999x-1 875	0.996 4	y=10 864x+994
9	0.5~15	0.999 7	y=12 139x+189	0.999 1	y=12 460x+715
10	0.5~10	0.997 7	y=76 084x+15 573	0.999 1	y=66 460x+12 166
11	0.5~15	0.995 7	y=65 331x-4 925	0.999 7	y=70 263x+12 109
12	0.5~20	0.999 0	y=12 866x+934	0.999 8	y=14 275x+1 364
13	0.5~15	0.997 3	y=26 401x+924	0.997 1	y=26 276x+2 025
14	0.5~15	0.996 3	y=44 182x+2 712	0.998 0	y=49 495x-843
15	0.5~15	0.994 0	y=111 978x-5 753	0.998 9	y=109 827x-701
16	0.5~15	0.999 4	y=21 779x+1 272	0.998 2	y=21 858x+2 879
17	0.5~15	0.998 1	y=64 338x+4 455	0.998 7	y=69 802x+476
18	0.5~15	0.998 6	y=30 995x-840	0.999 1	y=30 524x+831
19	0.5~10	0.998 1	y=21 974x+5 297	0.999 9	y=23 451x+2 238
20	0.5~15	0.996 5	y=47 922x+2 666	0.999 8	y=51 764x+7 059
21	0.5~15	0.995 9	y=6 407x-409	0.999 5	y=6 132x-473
22	5~200	0.999 6	y=53 821x+3 059	0.999 9	y=56 596x-4 475
23	5~150	0.995 5	y=5 286x+1 058	0.999 8	y=5 023x+112
24	0.5~15	0.997 2	y=110 473x+2 107	0.999 0	y=108 966x-6 612
25	0.5~15	0.991 5	y=21 529x+9 651	0.994 6	y=32 071x-1 429
26	0.5~15	0.995 8	y=47 440x-501	0.999 2	y=48 349x-680
27	5~200	0.996 6	y=3 196x+1 087	0.999 0	y=3 662x+1 598
28	0.5~15	0.999 9	y=65 231x+1 659	0.997 3	y=72 724x+1 360
29	0.5~10	0.997 6	y=25 282x+6 436	0.999 6	y=26 574x+957
30	0.5~10	0.996 4	y=8 814x+372	0.999 7	y=8 301x+427
31	0.5~15	0.996 4	y=167 925x+5 372	0.998 7	y=167 728x-42 743
32	0.5~10	0.995 7	y=15 882x+2 234	0.998 4	y=20 568x-1 917
33	0.5~15	0.998 5	y=68 099x+463	1.000 0	y=63 959x-13 046
34	0.5~10	0.997 9	y=702 103x+136 127	0.999 2	y=691 461x+28 350
35	0.5~15	0.997 7	y=39 763x-1 963	0.999 5	y=35 686x-4 533
36	0.5~15	0.999 7	y=269 490x+15 756	0.999 5	y=256 716x-98 412
37	0.5~15	0.998 8	y=144 465x-5 202	0.998 9	y=139 396x-41 787
38	0.5~15	0.995 5	y=336 503x-15 933	0.998 9	y=318 854x-70 507
39	0.5~15	0.999 5	y=438 161x-46 134	0.999 7	y=390 906x-119 613
40	0.5~15	0.998 5	y=48 273x-7 899	0.999 2	y=44 148x-4 147
41	0.5~15	0.998 0	y=166 732x+30 881	0.999 8	y=170 616x+20 738
42	0.5~20	0.999 9	y=286 909x-15 717	0.999 7	y=265 163x-12 844
43	0.5~10	0.991 0	y=17 942x+3 782	0.999 6	y=19 084x-3 934
44	0.5~15	0.998 0	y=13 485x-263	0.999 7	y=12 498x-3 788
45	0.5~15	0.994 9	y=108 841x-6 121	0.999 9	y=104 729x-10 757
46	0.5~15	0.991 4	y=21 498x+277	0.995 9	y=19 700x-9 702
47	0.5~15	0.994 9	y=57 757x-5 256	0.999 0	y=52 461x-8 652
48	0.5~15	0.997 0	y=84 649x+3 869	0.999 8	y=83 681x-2 897
49	0.5~15	0.997 5	y=90 170x+7 943	0.999 7	y=91 079x-6 950
50	0.5~15	0.999 0	y=260 297x+3 234	0.999 8	y=232 408x-27 881
51	0.5~15	0.994 0	y=92 581x+1 704	0.999 7	y=80 395x-13 558
52	0.5~15	0.996 1	y=56 289x-636	0.996 6	y=54 908x-11 438
53	0.5~15	0.996 4	y=540 522x-58 410	0.999 7	y=497 204x-5 134

表2

表3

两类基质的回收率、精密度、检出限和定量限（n=6）"

序号	膏霜乳类基质的回收率/%			膏霜乳类基质的精密度/%			液体（水）类基质的回收率/%			液体（水）类基质的精密度/%			检出限/（μg/g）	定量限/（μg/g）
1	98.57	106.38	98.81	2.5	3.8	7.9	107.89	82.30	104.91	3.6	5.3	3.3	0.01	0.025
2	100.34	106.45	99.13	5.5	2.2	6.1	96.54	96.24	112.09	6.9	3.0	2.7	0.01	0.025
3	101.98	95.61	90.32	7.1	7.2	9.8	97.11	90.64	109.50	4.7	8.2	3.4	0.01	0.025
4	110.73	99.82	96.27	3.3	2.1	5.6	101.00	102.83	114.51	3.4	6.6	3.8	0.01	0.025
5	100.29	102.13	108.26	3.6	2.5	5.8	106.88	93.56	111.59	3.6	7.0	6.2	0.01	0.025
6	88.80	98.97	105.99	5.4	4.2	5.1	97.79	93.24	110.60	5.6	7.4	4.2	0.01	0.025
7	91.94	102.09	107.05	5.3	5.8	4.8	98.05	88.77	109.57	6.5	6.3	2.5	0.01	0.025
8	113.35	106.83	93.18	3.6	4.4	9.8	97.72	91.49	109.84	5.3	5.1	3.0	0.01	0.025
9	97.28	95.09	90.43	10.1	4.4	7.1	110.35	90.31	108.58	9.4	7.1	4.3	0.01	0.025
10	95.82	102.08	100.28	3.2	3.6	5.0	94.27	90.52	110.33	7.4	6.6	3.8	0.01	0.025
11	104.93	97.73	95.10	4.8	5.3	6.7	89.93	92.14	100.34	6.9	5.7	4.0	0.01	0.025
12	100.56	100.97	100.39	4.6	7.1	8.8	96.36	99.51	108.03	6.3	6.8	7.0	0.01	0.025
13	104.88	102.69	92.72	5.5	6.4	7.7	103.03	97.75	111.49	10.0	8.0	3.9	0.01	0.025
14	105.77	103.18	100.55	5.6	3.7	5.1	108.56	95.24	109.51	5.3	7.5	2.1	0.01	0.025
15	112.89	107.72	95.80	2.1	4.4	8.8	108.04	92.74	111.23	2.0	7.0	4.8	0.01	0.025
16	106.80	106.61	98.53	6.4	5.9	7.4	100.02	99.37	113.06	9.6	9.1	6.8	0.01	0.025
17	104.24	105.37	99.24	4.5	5.1	9.1	104.19	93.56	107.70	6.9	5.7	4.5	0.01	0.025
18	110.98	106.34	95.34	3.9	3.5	8.8	101.62	89.29	100.96	10.9	9.6	3.6	0.01	0.025
19	93.73	97.36	99.05	7.9	8.5	7.9	99.61	87.93	109.57	8.3	6.0	3.4	0.01	0.025
20	106.24	106.22	99.29	4.3	2.8	6.7	92.56	91.11	110.26	3.7	3.3	3.7	0.01	0.025
21	114.03	102.51	95.06	6.8	6.4	8.8	111.12	87.71	108.86	3.3	7.5	3.5	0.01	0.025
22	102.42	102.40	96.51	3.9	6.8	9.4	110.31	80.84	105.67	7.6	9.0	3.4	0.1	0.25
23	102.98	96.84	91.64	7.9	5.4	7.5	106.85	86.75	105.70	6.2	5.0	2.7	0.1	0.25
24	108.31	105.88	96.79	4.4	4.1	8.6	114.37	93.59	113.40	3.7	5.7	4.7	0.01	0.025
25	107.57	96.92	102.70	5.0	3.4	10.9	104.02	88.97	110.96	4.4	4.5	5.0	0.01	0.025
26	114.53	106.78	97.32	1.6	5.5	7.4	109.89	87.73	111.31	5.0	4.5	4.4	0.01	0.025
27	105.00	101.71	97.27	6.5	8.0	8.3	103.24	93.92	111.07	12.4	10.6	6.4	0.1	0.25
28	95.15	87.95	87.55	4.5	4.4	5.4	106.89	91.50	110.78	7.8	7.7	2.5	0.01	0.025
29	97.88	104.58	101.20	4.4	6.1	9.3	107.44	91.99	112.03	9.0	6.2	4.7	0.01	0.025
30	106.82	108.33	95.89	5.3	4.9	9.3	108.46	90.35	111.22	10.3	6.6	8.3	0.01	0.025
31	104.44	99.71	102.97	4.1	6.4	7.6	102.40	85.10	106.70	6.7	12.9	9.3	0.01	0.025
32	111.65	90.00	100.14	6.3	7.5	5.1	107.90	85.47	110.40	5.3	6.8	4.8	0.01	0.025
33	99.76	95.40	94.81	3.2	3.3	7.2	100.11	92.92	111.88	7.9	9.5	4.3	0.01	0.025
34	102.39	101.75	104.08	5.3	2.1	7.6	107.73	88.66	110.52	5.3	3.8	5.8	0.01	0.025
35	105.89	97.24	97.73	5.3	3.7	8.9	99.34	92.76	112.95	6.1	4.8	6.7	0.01	0.025
36	97.51	91.35	98.02	4.8	2.5	5.4	104.86	87.10	109.40	4.2	6.1	6.5	0.01	0.025
37	106.03	97.14	96.46	5.2	4.6	8.6	100.35	87.99	111.77	10.2	5.5	3.0	0.01	0.025
38	104.07	95.83	97.77	4.2	1.8	8.9	98.75	89.76	113.43	5.4	6.4	8.6	0.01	0.025
39	107.72	92.52	92.61	7.1	4.3	10.3	100.22	87.34	111.86	4.6	7.3	7.6	0.01	0.025
40	114.32	98.93	97.35	5.0	5.7	7.1	101.95	87.19	106.81	8.5	7.7	4.3	0.01	0.025
41	98.07	104.06	102.85	5.9	2.8	8.3	99.94	96.49	113.16	5.8	6.1	5.1	0.01	0.025
42	112.46	93.27	93.80	4.6	4.0	8.5	106.77	92.77	113.23	6.4	3.5	6.9	0.01	0.025
43	99.86	100.02	105.56	7.7	4.4	7.6	93.51	89.37	106.89	7.8	3.9	5.7	0.01	0.025
44	103.70	99.73	98.77	8.4	4.1	9.3	108.92	90.99	113.68	10.3	7.0	5.3	0.01	0.025
45	108.55	98.62	98.84	5.1	5.4	7.3	100.58	90.96	111.68	6.6	1.9	4.0	0.01	0.025
46	104.46	95.69	100.73	8.3	9.8	7.6	113.74	97.72	114.48	7.4	8.2	5.4	0.01	0.025
47	105.88	96.49	100.40	8.8	6.5	8.6	91.04	86.77	108.00	8.5	6.2	3.9	0.01	0.025
48	100.86	98.64	101.82	4.9	3.2	6.4	95.34	86.37	107.46	2.8	6.8	4.5	0.01	0.025
49	100.93	95.27	103.61	7.7	4.2	5.9	95.37	90.47	115.09	5.6	6.9	5.0	0.01	0.025
50	103.85	94.60	95.96	5.5	3.4	8.5	108.04	90.78	94.39	5.4	5.8	6.8	0.01	0.025
51	111.29	100.32	99.93	2.9	2.9	9.0	113.85	91.85	109.92	4.4	4.8	2.9	0.01	0.025
52	108.53	100.16	103.53	5.3	5.6	8.9	105.52	88.35	108.46	3.8	5.8	2.4	0.01	0.025
53	106.64	87.44	96.99	5.5	5.2	9.0	105.77	89.46	110.38	5.4	5.2	3.7	0.01	0.025

表3

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