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    22 December 2014, Volume 44 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    Basic research
    Synthesis and performance of Bolaform asymmetrical cationic surfactants
    WANG Jun, CHEN Xiang, YANG Xu-zhao, SONG Hao, ZOU Wen-yuan, CHEN Yu-fei
    2014, 44 (12):  661-665.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.147
    Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (945KB) ( 390 )  
    Three kinds of Bolaform asymmetrical cationic surfactant were synthesized through two step reaction with α,ω-dibromo alkane,n-butyl imidazole and tributylphosphine as starting materials.Optimized conditions for preparation of the intermediate 1-(12-bromo-dodecyl)-3-butylimidazolium bromide are:n(n-butyl imidazole):n(1,12-dibromo-dodecane):n(tetrabutylammonium iodide)=1:1.5:0.005;at 65 ℃ for 6 h with isopropanol as solvent.Conditions for preparation of the product are:n(1-(12-bromo-dodecyl)-3-butylimidazolium bromide):n(tributylphosphine)=1.05:1;at 80 ℃ for 12 h with assistance of microwave irradiation.The synthesized products display good surface active performance.Their cmc is 5.7×10-3~8.7×10-2 mol·L-1cmc is 30~36 mN·m-1 at 30 ℃.With increasing of the carbon chain length,their cmc,γcmc and Amin decreases,while Γmax and pc20 increases.
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    Lecture of science and technology
    Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅻ) Dispersing function of surfactants and its applications
    WANG Nan, ZHANG Gui-ju, ZHAO Li, XU Bao-cai
    2014, 44 (12):  666-670.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.148
    Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (817KB) ( 592 )  
    Dispersing function of surfactants and its applications were reviewed.Progress in the research work with respect to mechanism and applications in lime soap dispersion,pigment dispersion,nano-particles dispersion,pesticides and other aspects were focused.The future development about application of surfactants as dispersant was prospected.
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    Development and application
    Experimental study on chromatographic separation phenomenon of ternary composite oil displacement agent system
    LIU Kai, YUE Xiang-an, YANG Chang-chun, SU Qun, XU Jin-tao, ZHANG De-xin
    2014, 44 (12):  671-675.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.149
    Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (848KB) ( 386 )  
    Seepage flow test of alkali-surfactant-polymer ternary composite oil displacement agent system (hereinafter refers to as the ASP system) was conducted with Sandpack model.Effect of permeability and length of the Sandpack on chromatographic separation phenomenon of the ASP system was investigated.Experimental results showed that under all separate conditions of permeability and length of the Sandpack,the ASP system displays remarkable chromatographic separation phenomenon.When the permeability reduces from 0.601 μm2 to 0.390 μm2,the extent of chromatographic separation increases while when the length of the Sandpack increases from 100 cm to 240 cm,the extent of chromatographic separation displays somewhat increment.Such results indicated that both permeability and length of the Sandpack affect the chromatographic separation of the ASP system;while effect of the permeability is stronger than that of the length.
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    Investigation of synthesis conditions of 4A zeolite with hydro-thermal method
    LU Chuan-zhu, ZHAO Hua, LI Hui-peng, ZHAO Xiao-long, LI Zhi-chao
    2014, 44 (12):  676-679.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.150
    Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 457 )  
    4A zeolite was synthesized with hydro-thermal method.The synthesis conditions were investigated via single factor experiment and orthogonally designed experiment using the calcium ion exchange capacity of 4A zeolite as index.The optimal reaction conditions were determined as:n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=1.8;n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=3.0;n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=40;crystallization temperature of 100 ℃ (normal pressure) and crystallization time of 6 h.Calcium ion exchange capacity of the product achieves 323 mg·g-1.The product was characterized by XRD and SEM.
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    Study on quantitative structure-retention relationship of volatile components in Trollius chinensis Bunge
    QIN Wen-bin, LENG Jian, QIN Zheng-long, FENG Chang-jun
    2014, 44 (12):  680-682.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.151
    Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (754KB) ( 414 )  
    In order to study chromatographic retention time of volatile components in Trollius chinensis Bunge,molecular valence connectivity index (mXtV) and atom-type electro-topological state index (Ek),were used to characterize the structures of 38 volatile compounds from Trollius chinensis Bunge.The quantitative structure-retention relationship model using mXtV and Ek was developed to predict chromatographic retention time of volatile components in Trollius chinensis Bunge.The correlation coefficient (R) of the model is 0.987.The robustness of the regression model was validated by Jackknife method,and the results showed that the R lies between 0.985 and 0.989.The present study demonstrates that the model is highly reliable and has favorable predictive capacity,and can effectively elucidate the essential factor that affecting the chromatographic retention time of volatile compounds in Trollius chinensis Bunge.
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    Properties of water soluble sericin powder used in cosmetics
    SUN Dao-quan, ZHUANG Yu, SHENG Jia-yong, XING Tie-ling, CHEN Guo-qiang, XU Jie
    2014, 44 (12):  683-687.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.152
    Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (998KB) ( 450 )  
    Water soluble sericin powder product was prepared with sericin solutions obtained from degumming of silk by processing including decolorization,enzymatic hydrolysis,ion exchange purification,concentration,and spray drying et al.Amino acid composition analysis,molecular mass determination,inhibition effect of tyrosinase activity,skin moisturizing as well as hygroscopic performance of the sericin powder product were investigated.Results showed that,the sericin powder product mainly contains 16 kinds of amino acid;sericin powder products with separate molecular mass were suitable for different application fields;when mass fraction of the sericin powder product is 1%,the inhibition ratio on skin melanin achieves 52.39%.Electron microscope observation showed that the sericin powder product displays good nursing and restoring effect on human hair.
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    Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of kojic acid metal complexes
    YANG Pei, ZHANG Yi-wei
    2014, 44 (12):  688-691.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.153
    Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (862KB) ( 521 )  
    Four kinds of metal complex of kojic acid (KA),KA-Fe(Ⅲ),KA-Cu(Ⅱ),KA-Mn(Ⅱ) and KA-Zn(Ⅱ) were prepared by complexing reaction through kojic acid and metal ion compounds.Their chemical structures were characterized by infrared spectra,differential thermal gravimetric analysis and ultraviolet spectra.Their tyrosinase inhibitory action was examined.Results showed that the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of KA-Fe(Ⅲ),KA-Zn(Ⅱ) and KA-Mn(Ⅱ) are remarkable.Their corresponding IC50 is 25,18 and 62 μmol·L-1 respectively (while IC50 of kojic acid is 70 μmol·L-1).Based upon analysis of their inhibitory mechanism,the type of inhibitory action of this series of compound is all considered as non-competitive inhibition.
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    Study on scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radicals and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of water extracts from peony
    CHEN Jia-ling, ZHANG Kai, SUN Yong, GONG Sheng-zhao
    2014, 44 (12):  692-694.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.154
    Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (954KB) ( 356 )  
    The water extract from the flowers of peony was prepared.Scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radicals,which were generated from the Fenton reaction of the water extracts was detected by spectrophotometry.The inhibitory action of water extracts from peony on the activity of monophenolase and diphenolase contained in tyrosinase were studied by using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) as substrate separately at 30 ℃ with Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 as buffer solution (pH=6.8).The results showed that the water extracts from peony can scavenge hydroxyl free radicals effectively.The free radical elimination ratio of the water extracts achieves 91.67% when the mass concentration of the peony water extract is 1.00 g·L-1.The water extract from peony displays good inhibitory effect to both monophenolase and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase with IC50 at 0.015 g·L-1 for monophenolase and 0.210 g·L-1 for diphenolase.The inhibition kinetics of the water extracts analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated a non-competitive inhibitor for diphenolase and the Michaelis constant (Km) was determined to be 0.4 mmol·L-1.
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    Synthesis of 1,1-diacetates with acidic ionic liquid as catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation
    TANG Xiao-fang, LIU Xian-ming, ZHOU Hao, CHOU Tao-tao, CHU Hai-rong, XING Zhi-heng
    2014, 44 (12):  695-699.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.155
    Abstract ( 187 )   PDF (835KB) ( 292 )  
    Under conditions of room temperature,solvent-free and ultrasonic irradiation,with an aromatic aldehyde and acetic anhydride as starting materials and functionalized acidic ionic liquid [C3SO3Hnhm][HSO4] as catalyst,1,1-diacetates was synthesized.The optimal reaction conditions were found by single factor experiments.Reusing performance of the catalyst as well as applicability of the substrate were investigated.Results showed that when the molar ratio of benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride is 1:2.3;the reaction temperature is 20 ℃;ultrasonic irradiation applies for 15 min;and the dosage of catalyst is 1% of benzaldehyde;the yield can reach more than 96%.The catalyst [C3SO3Hnhm][HSO4] can be reused for 5 times with no significant declining of the catalytic activity.In case the catalyst [C3SO3Hnhm][HSO4] is used to catalyze the reaction of other aromatic aldehydes,the yield achieves 84%-98%.
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    Reviews
    Inorganic sunscreening agents
    CAO Zhi, ZHANG Dao-jun
    2014, 44 (12):  700-705.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.156
    Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (879KB) ( 565 )  
    Mechanism of inorganic sunscreen was briefly introduced.Relationship between particle size of inorganic sunscreen nanoparticles in sunscreen cosmetics and their UV shielding effect as well as the safety issue of inorganic sunscreen nanoparticles that was concerning seriously by peoples were summarized and focused on percutaneous penetration of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles through human skin and their potential to cause phototoxicity.
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    Analytical methods and testing
    Determination of furocoumarines in citrus essential oil by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
    MAO Fu-yan, ZHUANG Wei-qiang, HUANG Jian, LE Zhi-xin, HU Ping
    2014, 44 (12):  706-709.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.157
    Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (852KB) ( 419 )  
    An analysis method was established to determine four kinds of furocoumarines (isopsoralen,psoralen,5-methoxy-psoralen and imperatorin) in citrus essential oil by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD).The essential oil sample was diluted with methanol.After centrifugal separation,the supernatant was directly analyzed by UPLC.The separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm),with water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase in gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 300 nm.The results indicated that good linearity is obtained in the mass concentration range of 0.5-100 mg·L-1 with all correlation coefficients of 0.999 for the four kinds of furocoumarines.The detection limits are 1.5-3.0 mg·kg-1 .The recoveries at three spiked levels of four kinds of furocoumarines are ranged within 97.5%-105.6%,with the relative standard deviations of 0.4%-2.9% (n=3).Furthermore,25 batches of citrus essential oil samples were determined using the established method and a batch of grapefruit oil was found containing 60.5 mg·kg-1 of 5-methoxy-psoralen.
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    Simultaneous determination of 12 elements in cosmetics by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    WANG Xin-mei, WANG Ke
    2014, 44 (12):  710-713.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.158
    Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (778KB) ( 319 )  
    A method for determination of 12 elements:chromium (Cr),manganese (Mn),nickel (Ni),copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),arsenic (As),selenium (Se),cadmium (Cd),stibium (Sb),stannum (Sn),mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in cosmetics simultaneously was established.After being pretreated with microwave digestion,the 12 elements in cosmetics were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results indicated that the relationship between the responds and the mass concentration of 12 elements shows good linearity with the value of r between 0.999 6 and 1.000 0.The detection limits of the method are between 0.04 and 0.43 mg·kg-1,and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of the repeatability are between 1.17% and 9.69%.Spiked recoveries of 12 elements are between 82.9% and 115.1%.This method is fast,simple,accurate and reliable,which could be applied for element analysis in cosmetics.
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    Production and processes
    Technology for production of petroleum sulfonate via spray method
    FANG Xin-xiang, NIU Chun-ge, BAI Yun, ZHOU Hua
    2014, 44 (12):  714-717.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.12.159
    Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (846KB) ( 279 )  
    Technology for production of petroleum sulfonate via spray method was introduced.Based upon the characteristics of the petroleum fraction,the adoption of spray sulfonation technology increases the contacting surface area between the petroleum fraction and SO3 substantially and results in a great improvement of the sulfonation efficiency.Contacting time for sulfonation reduces from several hours to several ten seconds and thus reduces the happening of over-sulfonation.Results of laboratory tests showed that as comparing with the conventional reaction kettle sulfonation,the spray sulfonation causes more than 3% increase of yield of the petroleum sulfonate and more than 10% increase of yield of the raffinate oil;while the yield of the acid residue decreases for more than 35%.Continuous process can be realized and the laboratory test results can be used as reference for industrial operation.
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