Table of Content

22 December 2017, Volume 47 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

Select

Preparation of polyurethane surfactants with hydrophobic side chains and their application in emulsion polymerization WANG Mei-mei, YANG Yan-chun, HU Xin, PENG Hua-nan, ZHENG Jie 2017, 47 (12):  663-667.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.001 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (1806KB) ( 261 )   A series of polyurethane surfactants with hydrophobic side chains (WPU) were synthesized by changing the ratio of the reactants and using isophorone diisocyanate,dimethylolpropionic acid and glyceryl monostearate as main starting materials.Structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR.Poly-(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) emulsion with 35% (mass fraction) solid content was prepared with the polyurethane surfactants (5% vs.mass of overall monomers).The effects on surface activity and emulsion polymerization application of the ratio n(-NCO)/n(-OH) of the pre-polymerized material were studied.Results show that the lowest surface tension of polyurethane solution achieves 33.24 mN/m when the ratio n(-NCO)/n(-OH) is 1.07.The structure of polyacrylate emulsion particulates prepared using polyurethane surfactants is shell-core type.When the ratio n(-NCO)/n(-OH) is 1.11,the smallest particulates can be obtained,and their diameter is about 75 nm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

Select

Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅻ) Microemulsions YANG Xu-zhao, ZHANG Ying-ying, ZOU Wen-yuan, LI Ying-bin, WANG Jun 2017, 47 (12):  668-672.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.002 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (2281KB) ( 387 )   Ionic liquid surfactants show obvious advantages over traditional surfactants in the construction of microemulsions and the structure can be designed purposely according to the requirement.The prepared microemulsions can be classified as singlephase microemulsions and multiphase microemulsions,for which the phase diagrams mainly cover pseudo ternary phase diagrams and “fish-like” phase diagrams.The microstructure of microemulsions,such as droplet size,interaction or polarity,can be determined by electrochemical techniques,dynamic laser scattering,small angle X-ray scattering and so on.Ionic liquid surfactant microemulsions can be widely used in the fields of nanoparticle preparations,polymerization,metal ion extraction,etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

Select

Investigation for hydrolysis of dodecylbenzyl chloride by hydrothermal-assisted phase transfer catalysis SUN Mei-ling, HU Xue-yi, FANG Yun, FANG Yin-jun 2017, 47 (12):  673-676.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.003 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (761KB) ( 296 )   Hydrolysis of n-dodecylbenzyl chloride was preliminarily tested separately by means of ultrasonic wave,microwave,hydrothermal and phase transfer catalysis,and finally the hydrothermal-assisted phase transfer catalysis succeeded.Based upon the test results,the conclusion is to use dodecyldimethylbenzyl- ammonium chloride as the phase transfer catalyst and the reaction is conducted under alkaline condition with hydrothermal assistance at 130 ℃ for 16 h.The yield achieves 93.6%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on performance of blend systems composed of isodecyl alcohol ethoxylates and anionic surfactants ZHANG Rui-lin, SUN Yong-qiang, GUO Jian-guo 2017, 47 (12):  677-680.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.004 Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (2294KB) ( 275 )   The water solubility of isodecyl alcohol ethoxylates (IC10EOn),sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and sodium fatty alcohol ether sulphate (C12~14E2S) was measured.The effect of LAS and C12~14E2S on the cloud point of IC10EO8 was studied,while the performance of blend systems composed of LAS,C12~14E2S and IC10EO8,such as wetting power,foaming performance and detergency were examined.Results show that there is no gel phase formed in the solution of IC10EO3,IC10EO8 and IC10EO9 at 25 ℃.The cloud point of the blend systems increases rapidly when the mass fraction of LAS or C12~14E2S is higher than 0.6%.The wetting power of the blend systems is better than that of the single surfactant when the mass ratio of IC10EO8 and LAS or C12~14E2S ranges from 3∶1 to 1∶3.The blend systems show best wetting power when the mass ratio of IC10EO8 and LAS or C12~14E2S is 1∶1.Because of poor foaming power of IC10EO8,the foaming power of the blend systems increases with the increasing content of LAS or C12~14E2S,while the variation of foam stability is irregular.The detergency of IC10EO8 is enhanced by adding anionic surfactant. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on surfactant blending performance of sodium N-lauroylalanine GENG Er-huan, HONG Yu-qian, WANG Wen-de, LI Zhong-hong, LU Jia-lin 2017, 47 (12):  681-684.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.005 Abstract ( 502 )   PDF (769KB) ( 416 )   The blends of surfactant sodium N-lauroylalanine (SLA) separately with sodium polyethoxy fatty alcohol sulfate (AES),cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAB) and alkyl polyglucoside 1214 (APG) were prepared.Their surface activity,foaming performance,wetting power and lime soap dispersing power were investigated.Results show that SLA displays a better surface activity than that of AES,CAB and APG;the surface activity of the blend systems displays an upgrading trend with the increasing dosage of SLA;the foaming performance and lime soap dispersing power of the SLA are poor,but by blending,both performance of SLA can be improved.When mass ratios SLA∶AES,SLA∶CAB and SLA∶APG are all at 5∶1,the wetting power of all the blend systems reach the maximum.Such results show that there is synergistic effect between the individual surfactants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of alkyl polyglycoside on foaming performance of CO2 foam oil-displacing agent MA Tao, WANG You-qi, QI Yi-bin 2017, 47 (12):  685-688.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.006 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (733KB) ( 263 )   The performance of CO2 foam formed by alkyl polyglycoside (APG) with different alkyl chain length were studied with foam volume and half-life as the criterion indices.Results indicate that the longer the hydrophobic chain length of APG,the higher stability of the foam.The foaming performance of APG0814 is superior to that of other APGs.The influence of mass concentration of APG0814 on the foaming performance was examined.The CO2 foam formed by APG0814 at 3 g/L shows the highest stability.The higher mass concentration,the larger foam volume.Physical simulation experiments were carried out to study the influence of the gas-liquid ratio and the experimental pressure to the mobility decreasing of CO2 and water for the CO2 foam formed by APG0814.Results indicate that when the gas-liquid ratio is 2∶1,the range of mobility reduction of CO2/water achieves the highest.The amplitude for reduction of CO2/water mobility increases with the increase of pressure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Blending of gypsum foaming agents based on alkyl polyglucosides TAO Yuan, ZHANG Wei, WANG Feng-shou 2017, 47 (12):  689-693.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.007 Abstract ( 446 )   PDF (1428KB) ( 461 )   The formulation of gypsum foaming agents using alkyl polyglucosides (APG) as the main surfactant and blended with other surfactants,such as cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAB35),2-undecylimidazoline (UIZ) and sodium alcohol ether sulphate (AES) as well as foam stabilizers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated.The foaming multiple,foam stability,and bleeding ratio of the various blends of APG,were measured to evaluate their foaming and foam stabilizing performance.Results show that APG blending with UIZ and PVA displays better foaming performance than the others.The recommended conditions are as following:m(APG0810)∶m(APG1214)∶m(UIZ)=4∶1∶2,and PVA accounted for 10% (w/w) of total.At the mass fraction of 0.2%,after 3 min stirring under 1 800 r/min,this recommended blending system shows foam multiple as 4.33 after 1 min,and the foam multiple can maintain 3.12 even after 15 min. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preparation of the low foam cleaning agent for in situ cleaning of dairy equipment FU Dong, LI Peng, WU Qiong, ZHANG Xiao-chen, XIE Yang, SUI Xin 2017, 47 (12):  694-697.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.008 Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (711KB) ( 253 )   The low foam cleaning agent for in situ cleaning of dairy equipment was formulated with alkyl polyglycoside (C08-10APG),sodium polyethoxy fatty alcohol sulfate (AES),sodium carbonate (Na2CO3),sodium silicate (Na2SiO3),sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) and glutaraldehyde as main constituents.The composition and dosage of the surfactants were screened and determined in accordance with the standard of low foam volume requirement through the Shaking-flask method.The formulation of additives was decided by using orthogonal experimental design results.The laboratory test results show that with the mass ratio of C08~10APG to AES as 3∶1 and the total surfactant content as 4%,foaming power of the detergent product achieves rather lower level with a mass fraction of 0.4% dimethicone as the defoaming agent.With the mass ratio of Na2CO3/Na2SiO3/Na3C6H5O7 as 6∶5∶9 as well as the total additives mass fraction of 20%,the detergent product offers a high cleaning rate of 95.3% with high stability.The antibacterial test results show that the sterilization rate for Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the sample with 0.001% glutaraldehyde achieves 92.33% and 93.14% respectively,as well as 91.08% and 92.93% respectively after 7 d. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protective effect of “space ginseng yeast” on human primary fibroblasts under microgravity condition SONG Xiao-jie, SHI Xiao-ting, WU Yue 2017, 47 (12):  698-702.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.009 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (3903KB) ( 273 )   Through the multi-index parameters,a variety of experiments have been designed to verify the protection effects of “space ginseng yeast” on human primary fibroblasts.Results show that “space ginseng yeast” can improve the cell morphology and survival rate in the human primary fibroblasts induced by microgravity;restore the expression and arrangement of cytoskeletal protein like Tubulin,and extracellular matrix protein like Integrin and Fibronectin;as well as inhibit the abnormal expression of MMP-1.The protective effect of “space ginseng yeast”,which is diluted by 20 to 500 times,is better,and the protective effect of 100 times diluted “space ginseng yeast” shows the most obvious result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Evaluating the effect of mask material on its performance based on subjective and objective analysis methods YIN Yue-xuan, QIU Xiao-feng, YANG Cui-lan, LI Cheng-tong, ZHAO Hua 2017, 47 (12):  703-708.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.010 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (853KB) ( 319 )   Performance of facial mask made from seven kinds of different materials were studied with various subjective and/or objective means such as safety evaluation, sensory evaluation, instrument test and questionnaire survey etc.Results show that the performance of seven kinds of facial mask are obviously different.The skin irritation of cotton facial mask is smaller.The sensory evaluation result of TENCELSKIN facial mask (a) displays higher characteristic strength, while its effect on values for human skin MMV and Gray Index T are bigger.The questionnaire scores for TENCELSKIN facial mask (b) are higher.In general, the comprehensive performance of TENCELSKIN facial mask (a) and cotton facial mask are better. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Promoting effect of Gmoist Sea-Gel on skin hydration and barrier function LU Yi-na, YANG Ya-di, XIE Zhi-yong, TIAN Jun 2017, 47 (12):  709-712.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.011 Abstract ( 779 )   PDF (854KB) ( 344 )   The moisturizing performance of Gmoist Sea-Gel (GSG) was evaluated based-upon 14 healthy volunteers.It was found that skin moisture content (CM) markedly increased and TEWL effectively decreased after Gmoist Sea-Gel (GSG) applied for 7 d.Then using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology,HaCaT cells were cultured with GSG to study six genes expression level related to skin hydration and barrier function.Results show that GSG significantly promotes the INV,TG-1,FLG and CASP-14 mRNAs expression after 24 hours treatment.GSG can upgrade cornified cell envelope related genes expression,promote the degradation of filaggrin into natural moisturizing factors to strengthen skin hydration and barrier function. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Select

Progress in research work field with respect to the mechanism of dandruff and biochemical changes of dandruff scalp WEI Shi-yu, DU Yi-jie, LI Li, MA Lai-ji, DONG Yin-mao 2017, 47 (12):  713-718.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.012 Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 687 )   Research work achievements with respect to scalp lipid membrane and its microecology,scalp barrier function as well as biochemical changes of the scalp were reviewed.Differences between scalp of conventional persons and persons with abnormal dandruff in view of the changes of the scalp microecology,scalp sebum secretion,sebum components and the occurrence of the proteins and lipids related to the barrier were summarized.A comprehensive description of the mechanism of dandruff formation,and the possible interactions among the three major factors of sebum secretion,barrier damage and micro-ecological imbalance were provided,and it might infer a new idea for the development of more scientific and effective research work for preparation of anti-dandruff shampoo. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

Select

Simultaneous determination of coumarin and other 14 compounds in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography GAO Rui-fang, LI Xiang-sheng 2017, 47 (12):  719-722.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.12.013 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 409 )   A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of coumarin and other 14 compounds,including dicoumarol,4-hydroxycoumarin,7-methoxycoumarin,6-methylcoumarin,8-hydroxypsoralene,psoralen,angelicin,8-methoxypsoralen,5-methoxypsoralen,neobavaisoflavone,bavachin,trioxsalen,imperatorin and isoimperatorin.The samples were extracted with methanol under the help of supersonic wave and centrifuged at 10 000 r/min for 5 min.The supernatant was separated on a Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column by gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and column temperature of 30 ℃.The analysis of 15 compounds was performed by HPLC with diode array detector at the wavelength of 210,250,280 nm,respectively.Identification of 15 compounds was achieved by retention time,and quantification analysis was performed by the calibration curve method.The method shows a good linearity in the range of 0.1-10.0 mg/L with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999.The limits of detection (LODs) for the 15 compounds are 0.1-0.7 mg/kg.The mean recoveries at three spiked levels are in the range of 90.5%-106.4% with RSDs of 0.7%-3.4%(n=6).The method is accurate and simple,and is suitable for the determination of 15 compounds. References | Related Articles | Metrics