当期目录

2016年, 第46卷, 第5期　刊出日期：2016-05-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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一种基于胆固醇衍生物的两亲分子的合成及其聚集行为 Synthesis of cholesterol derivative based amphiphilic molecules and their aggregation behavior 郝姗姗,赵莉,徐宝财 2016 (5):  243-246.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.001 摘要 ( 253 )   PDF(2129KB) ( 326 )   合成了以胆固醇为疏水基、双甘肽为亲水基的两亲分子N-胆固醇甲酰基双甘肽钾盐(Chol-GG-K)。利用透射电镜(TEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)等手段研究了该分子在水中的聚集行为,发现其在水中形成了多分散的囊泡结构。胆固醇的范德华力形成强疏水作用和聚集能力,亲水基的氢键作用也是产生聚集作用的驱动力。 A new kind of surfactant composed of amphiphilic molecules,potassium salt of N-cholesterol formyl glycylglycine (Chol-GG-K) employing cholesterol as the hydrophobic moiety and glycylglycine as the hydrophilic group,was synthesized and characterized.The aggregation behavior of the product in water was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results indicated that poly dispersive vesicles formed in Chol-GG-K aqueous solution.Besides the van der Waals interaction of cholesterol that forms strong hydrophobic effect and aggregation capacity,the hydrogen bonding of the hydrophilic group is also a driving force for the aggregation. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅴ)——PFOS的短碳氟链替代品 Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅴ) Short-fluorocarbon-chain-based products as replacement of PFOS 邢航,陈现涛,肖进新 2016 (5):  247-250.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.002 摘要 ( 274 )   PDF(761KB) ( 336 )   主要介绍PFOS的短碳氟链替代品,分析短碳氟链产品作为替代品的可行性依据、性能和环境行为,进一步讨论短碳氟链替代品的研究进展和优化策略,并指出短碳氟链产品当前面临的问题。 The products based on short fluorocarbon chain for the substitution of PFOS were introduced.The feasibility,performance and environmental behavior of short-fluorocarbon-chain-based products were discussed.The progress in research work field and the strategies for improvement with respect to short-fluorocarbon-chain-based products were summarized,as well as the currently faced problems and challenges were put forward. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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叔胺基CO2开关表面活性剂的合成及性能研究 Synthesis and performance of tertiary amine-based CO2 switchable surfactants 武文涛,张永民,刘雪锋 2016 (5):  251-256.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.003 摘要 ( 275 )   PDF(956KB) ( 312 )   以不同碳链长度的脂肪酸(n=12,14和16)和N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺为原料合成了系列长链脂肪酰胺叔胺CnAMPM。通过核磁共振氢谱和电导率实验证实了其CO2开关响应性能。研究发现:通入CO2后,CnAMPM表现出表面活性剂特征,随着碳链长度增加,cmc线性降低,发泡性能、乳化正庚烷的能力和在标准帆布上的润湿性能也相应下降。通入N2后,发泡力大幅度降低;C12AMPM的乳化性能较好,润湿性能好于另外2种;而C14AMPM和C16AMPM的乳化能力和润湿能力均较差。 A series of long-chain fatty amido tertiary amine-based CO2 switchable surfactant N-(3-(dimethyl amino) propyl) alkyl amide (CnAMPM,n=12,14 and 16) was synthesized with fatty acids separately and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine as starting materials.Its performance was verified to be CO2-responsive via 1H NMR spectra and conductivity measurement.Results showed that,CnAMPM display as cationic surfactants after bubbling CO2.With increasing the length of hydrophobic group,their critical micellar concentration (cmc) decreases linearly and foaming power,emulsifying power as well as wetting power all decrease.As CO2 is replaced with N2,the foaming power of CnAMPM decreases to a great extent.For C12AMPM,the emulsifying power keeps unchanged,while the wetting power is better than that of C14AMPM and C16AMPM.C14AMPM and C16AMPM display poor emulsifying power and wetting power. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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细菌纤维素纳米晶稳定液体石蜡Pickering乳液的制备 Preparation of liquid paraffin Pickering emulsions by bacterial cellulose nanocrystals 颜慧琼,陈秀琼,刘海芳,冯玉红,王向辉,林强 2016 (5):  257-263.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.004 摘要 ( 286 )   PDF(5246KB) ( 285 )   采用生物法合成了高纯度的细菌纤维素(BC),通过浓硫酸水解制得细菌纤维素纳米晶(BCN)。以液体石蜡为油相,BCN为固体乳化剂,在超声作用下制得O/W型Pickering乳液。通过SEM,TEM,FT-IR,XRD,接触角测量仪及激光粒度和Zeta电位分析仪对BC及BCN进行了表征。考察了BCN质量浓度、水相pH和离子强度对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,BC在浓硫酸水解过程中发生了氧化反应,其水解主要发生在无定型区,使所得BCN的结晶指数高达97%。BCN悬浮液的粒径和Zeta电位值分别为462.5 nm和-40.8 mV,其三相接触角为95.7°,具有良好的乳化性能。在超声乳化作用下制得的乳液粒径大小为8.6~17.3 μm。通过调控水相pH能够改变BCN表面电荷密度,从而改变乳液的稳定性,随着水相pH的增大,乳液相体积分数增大,乳液稳定性增强。随着NaCl浓度的增大,乳液的稳定性降低,乳液相体积分数减小。此外,SEM的观测结果表明,BCN在稳定Pickering乳液过程中呈现纤维线条和聚集体颗粒2种形态。 Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by biological method,and bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCN) were prepared by hydrolysis of the BC with concentrate sulfuric acid.Then O/W Pickering emulsions were prepared by liquid paraffin as the oil phase and BCN as the solid emulsifier under the assistance of ultrasonic wave.BC and BCN were characterized by SEM,TEM,FT-IR,XRD,contact angle meter,laser particle size and Zeta potential analyzer.The effects of BCN mass concentration,pH value of the aqueous phase and ionic strength on the stability of the Pickering emulsions were also investigated.Experimental results showed that oxidation of BC occurs during the process of acid hydrolysis and the hydrolysis mainly occurs in the amorphous region,making the crystallization index of BCN be as high as 97%.BCN suspension with the size of 462.5 nm,the Zeta potential value of-40.8 mV and the three phase contact angle of 95.7°,exhibits good emulsifying performance.The particle size of the emulsions prepared under the assistance of ultrasonic wave is 8.6-17.3 μm.Adjustment of pH value of aqueous phase could change the surface charge density of BCN,thereby changing the stability of the emulsions.With the increase of pH value,the volume fraction of the emulsions increases and the stability of the emulsions also improves.With the increase of NaCl concentration,the stability of the emulsions reduces and the volume fraction of the emulsions decreases.In addition,from the SEM observation,the BCN reveal two kinds of morphologies as fiber line and aggregated particles in the stabilizing process of Pickering emulsions. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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无患子皂苷-十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配体系表面活性及在制备氢氧化镍复合材料中的应用 Surface activity of sapindoside-dodecyl benzene sulfonate blend system and its application for preparation of nickel hydroxide composites 詹舒辉,李娟,刘泽学,徐永霞,李保同,韩春蕊 2016 (5):  264-266.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.005 摘要 ( 239 )   PDF(2256KB) ( 284 )   研究了无患子皂苷与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性,并将其应用于氢氧化镍复合材料的制备中;采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料进行了结构表征,考察了表面活性剂对材料形貌的影响。研究表明,自提无患子皂苷临界胶束浓度(cmc)和对应表面张力(γcmc)分别为0.200 g/L和38.3 mN/m;在复配体系中,当SDBS的质量分数为5%时,两者表现出协同作用,而当SDBS的质量分数增至20%后,则呈现对抗作用;以SDBS质量分数为5%的表面活性剂复配体系作为添加剂,在0.83 g/L时,制备得到直径约为3 μm形貌均匀的球状氢氧化镍复合材料。 Surface activity of Sapindus mukurossi saponin and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SBDS) blend system was examined,and the blends were used to prepare nickel hydroxide composites.The composites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Influence of the surfactant on morphology of the composites was investigated.Results revealed that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the surface tension (γcmc) of the extracted Sapindus mukurossi saponin are 0.200 g/L and 38.3 mN/m respectively.The blend system displays synergic effect when mass fraction of SDBS achieves 5%,while confrontation effect when mass fraction of SDBS is more than 20%.Using the blend system composed of 5% SDBS as additive at dosage of 0.83 g/L,homogeneous morphological microspheres of nickel hydroxide composites with average diameter of 3 μm can be successfully prepared. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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我国洗涤用品原料LAS健康风险评估 Human health risk assessment of washing product ingredient LAS in China 李蕾蕾,郝卫东,王万绪,姚晨之 2016 (5):  267-273.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.006 摘要 ( 341 )   PDF(776KB) ( 300 )   通过对合成洗涤剂的重要原料LAS毒性资料进行全面的检索及整理,从毒代动力学、急性毒性、重复染毒毒性等9个方面综述了LAS毒性危害及相关毒性参数。在调查了中国家庭消费者洗涤用品使用方法与习惯及中国人群洗涤用品基本暴露参数的基础上,评估了LAS的人体暴露量。在危害评估及暴露评估的基础上,通过计算暴露限值(MOE)对LAS进行了风险表征描述。结果表明,LAS的MOE为497,家庭消费者通过洗涤用品暴露于LAS是安全的。 Through the comprehensive retrieval and collating of the toxicity data of LAS,the toxicity hazard and related toxicity parameters of LAS was reviewed from nine aspects,such as toxicokinetics,acute toxicity,and repeated dose toxicity etc.Based on the investigation of the habits and practices for household uses of washing products in China and the basic exposure parameters of Chinese,the human exposure with regard to LAS was estimated.Then,on the basis of hazard assessment and exposure assessment,the risk characterization of LAS was conducted by calculating Margin of Exposure (MOE).The results showed that the MOE of LAS is 497,and LAS is considered as safe for human exposure resulting-in uses of household washing products. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于表观遗传学的亮白抗衰老活性物的研究 Study of a whitening and anti-wrinkle bio-functional ingredient based on epigenetics 赵小敏,赵云珊,瞿欣 2016 (5):  274-278.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.007 摘要 ( 385 )   PDF(3504KB) ( 420 )   通过定量聚合酶联反应(qPCR)的方法,研究六肽-2对靶向胶原蛋白基因沉默的miR-29表达和靶向黑色素合成途径的miR-218表达的调控,及其对胶原蛋白表达和黑色素合成的调节作用。此外通过35名亚洲人(17名女性,18名男性)双盲半脸人体测试研究六肽-2在调节肤色和改善皱纹方面的功效。qPCR结果显示六肽-2对各年龄段的人成纤维细胞miR-29的表达均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05);离体皮肤的免疫染色法显示六肽-2可以增加Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达(P<0.05);人黑色素细胞的qPCR实验表明,六肽-2可以显著增加miR-218的表达(P<0.05)。基于35位亚洲人的半脸人体测试(改善肤色测试周期56 d,抗皱测试42 d)结果显示,1%六肽-2有美白、淡斑、祛红斑及改善暗沉等功效,同时可以减少皱纹数量、面积、深度和长度。 Via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test method,the efficacy of hexapeptide-2 was studied,including silencing miR-29 and increasing miR-218 expression which targeted collagen and melanin synthesis pathway respectively;as well as its regulation for collagen expression and synthesis of melanin were examined.Then the double blind spilt-face clinical test on 35 Asian people (18 male and 17 female) was conducted to evaluate the whitening and anti-wrinkle efficacy of the hexapeptide-2.The qPCR test results showed that the hexapeptide-2 can decrease the miR-29 expression for human fibroblast of all different age periods (P<0.05);and the result from human melanocyte qPCR test showed that it can increase miR-218 expression (P<0.05).In vitro immuno-staining results showed that it can increase the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05).The double blind split-face test results on human body (56 d for skin color test;42 d for anti-wrinkle test) showed that 1% hexapeptide-2 displays significant efficacy for skin whitening,spots lightening,skin erythema and skin dullness improvement,as well as skin wrinkles reduction as comparing with that from the placebo side (P<0.05). 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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松茸化妆品的美白功效评价 Evaluation for whitening efficacy of cosmetics containing extract from Tricholoma matsutake Sing 王楠,吴金昊,李昂,周兆清,尹月煊,赵华 2016 (5):  279-283.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.008 摘要 ( 521 )   PDF(935KB) ( 379 )   对以松茸为主要功效成分的化妆品进行人体美白功效评价。选择30名20~45岁女性,按要求在曲臂内侧使用化妆品8周后,测试使用前后皮肤MI值,L*值和ITA°值,实验结果均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。Duncan多重比较表明,松茸化妆品的美白功效与抗坏血酸乙基醚化妆品相当,且显著大于配方基质。实验通过数据采集与统计分析,可直观反映化妆品中活性添加剂的美白效果,适用于添加活性物质的化妆品的美白功效评价。 Evaluation for human body whitening efficacy of cosmetics with extract from Tricholoma matsutake Sing as main effective constituent was conducted.Thirty female volunteers with age between 20 and 45 years old were kindly invited to use the cosmetic product on the inner side of their crank arm for a testing period of 8 weeks continuously.Values of MI,L* and ITA° of the skin were measured and the results display significant difference (P<0.05) before and after the 8 weeks testing period.Duncan multiple comparisons showed that the whitening efficacy of cosmetic product formulated with the extract from Tricholoma matsutake Sing is significantly greater than that of the formulation matrix and equivalent with that of ascorbyl ethyl ether.Via the data collection and statistical analysis,this method can directly reflect the whitening effect of active additives in cosmetics,and it is suitable for the evaluation of the whitening efficacy of cosmetics with additives. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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牙膏色素原料中微生物检验方法的优化 Optimization of inspection method for microbe in colorant material used for toothpaste 刘庆刚 2016 (5):  284-288.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.009 摘要 ( 243 )   PDF(1281KB) ( 345 )   以牙膏中色素原料作为研究对象,按照《中华人民共和国药典》(2015年版)中对需氧菌总数计数方法验证的规定,对比了色素原料微生物检验的常规法和薄膜过滤法。结果表明,采用常规法测试很容易产生假阴性的结果;薄膜过滤法对4种致病菌的回收率符合《中华人民共和国药典》(2015年版)的要求,结果准确可靠,可用于色素对需氧菌总数的检测。 The test method of aerobic bacterial count which is presented in the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China,may be greatly influenced by the color of the test sample.One consequence of that is obtaining false-negative results.A novel method called membrane filtration method was studied.The results of aerobic bacterial count test of colorant given by the novel method were compared with those given by the traditional method.The novel method was found to be accurate and reliable,which met the demands of 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.The membrane filtration method can be used in the determination of the total count pathogenic bacteria. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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物对人皮肤成纤维细胞线粒体膜电位的影响 Effect of blended herb extract on mitochondrial membrane potential of fibroblast 邓小锋,孟宏,李丽,时宇静 2016 (5):  289-291.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.010 摘要 ( 232 )   PDF(1151KB) ( 318 )   线粒体膜电位能一定程度反映人皮肤成纤维细胞凋亡状态。实验结果显示,相比于正常组,H2O2组能降低人皮肤成纤维细胞线粒体膜电位(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,75,150和300 mg/L复合中药提取物组均显著提高了人皮肤成纤维细胞线粒体膜电位(P＜0.01),且呈现剂量依赖性。结果表明,复合中药提取物预防性给药有效,能防止H2O2造成的人皮肤成纤维细胞膜电位的下降并延缓皮肤衰老,有望作为较佳延缓皮肤衰老化妆品添加剂。 Apoptosis state of fibroblast of adult skin can be reflected by mitochondrial membrane potential to a certain extent.Experimental results showed that,as comparing with result obtained in the normal control group,that in the hydrogen peroxide group shows reduction of the skin fibroblast mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.01);while in the model groups with additive composed of extract of blended herb with separate dosages of 75,150 and 300 mg/L,their mitochondrial membrane potential of skin fibroblast are significantly increased (P<0.01),and shows a dose-dependent manner.Such experimental result indicated that the blended herb extract is effective for prevention of mitochondrial membrane potential decreasing caused by hydrogen peroxide and can be used for delaying of skin senility as a prophylactic measure.Hopefully,the blended herb extract may be used as an additive in cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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碱催化2,5-己二酮脱水制3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮 Preparation of 3-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-ketone by base catalyzed dehydration of 2,5-hexanedione 李岳秦,杨永兴,侯相林 2016 (5):  292-295.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.011 摘要 ( 418 )   PDF(854KB) ( 262 )   以2,5-己二酮为原料,选用碱催化剂在弱极性有机溶剂中实现2,5-己二酮脱水制备3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。考察了碱催化剂种类、催化剂加入量、反应温度和时间等因素对产物收率的影响。得出的较佳实验条件为:以硅酸钠为碱催化剂,反应温度为180 ℃,反应时间为5.0 h,反应溶剂为环己烷,在此条件下可以得到收率为98%的3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。 3-Methyl-2-cyclopentane-1-ketone was synthesized via base catalyzed dehydration of 2,5-hexanedione in a weakly polar organic solvent.Effects of separate kinds of base catalyst,different dosages of the catalyst,as well as different reaction conditions on the yield of the product were investigated.The optimum experimental conditions were determined as following:sodium silicate as the base catalyst;reaction temperature,180 ℃;reaction time,5.0 h;cyclohexane as the solvent.Under such experimental conditions,the yield of 3-methyl-2-cyclopentane-1-ketone can achieve 98%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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双子型有机硅表面活性剂的研究进展 Progress in field of Gemini organosilicon surfactant 鲍艳,郭佳佳,李晓璐,时春华,张晓艳 2016 (5):  296-301.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.012 摘要 ( 301 )   PDF(773KB) ( 466 )   综述了双子型有机硅表面活性剂的合成及性能特点,着重介绍了双子型有机硅表面活性剂界面性质、聚集行为及抗水解性等方面的研究现状,并对其在皮革、纺织以及农药等领域的应用前景做了展望。 Synthesis and performance of Gemini organosilicon surfactants were reviewed.Interfacial properties,aggregation behavior and hydrolysis resistance of Gemini organosilicon surfactants were emphatically introduced.Meanwhile,outlooks about application of Gemini organosilicon surfactants in the field of leather processing,textile and pesticide manufacturing were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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气相色谱法检测湿巾中丙二醇的含量 Determination of propylene glycol content in wet wipes by gas chromatography 成霈, 杨悦, 靳尧 2016 (5):  302-304.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.05.013 摘要 ( 235 )   PDF(778KB) ( 330 )   称取一定量湿巾样品加乙醇超声提取后,离心过滤,采用气相色谱法检测湿巾中的丙二醇含量,外标法定量。结果表明:该法在2.50～200.00 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,1,2-丙二醇的相关系数为0.998 9,检测限为1.50 mg/L,RSDA=2.32%,加标回收率为92.10%～97.20%;1,3-丙二醇的相关系数为0.999 4,检测限为2.00 mg/L,RSDA=3.15%,加标回收率为93.40%～97.25%。该方法前处理简便快捷,精密度、准确度、稳定性好,检测结果准确可靠。 A weighted sample of wet wipe was extracted by ethanol under assistance of ultrasonic wave,and the extract was filtered via centrifugation.Then the filtrate was detected by gas chromatography to determine the content of propylene glycol in wet wipes.The quantification was identified with external standard method.Results showed that the method exhibits good linearity in the mass concentration range of 2.50-200.00 mg/L.For 1,2-propylene glycol,the correlation coefficient is 0.998 9,detection limit is 1.50 mg/L,RSDA=2.32%,and spiked recovery is 92.10%-97.20%.For 1,3-propylene glycol,the correlation coefficient is 0.999 4,detection limit is 2.00 mg/L,RSDA=3.15%,and spiked recovery is 93.40%-97.25%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标