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2015年, 第45卷, 第9期　刊出日期：2015-09-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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胶原基有机硅表面活性剂的性能研究 Performance of collagen hydrolysate-based silicone surfactant 韩晓娜, 杜卫宁, 李宇鹏, 李正军, 杨秦欢 2015 (9):  481-484.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.001 摘要 ( 290 )   PDF(883KB) ( 379 )   合成了胶原基有机硅表面活性剂(CBES),并研究了CBES的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、HLB值、乳化性能以及与非离子表面活性剂异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚复配后的表面活性和乳化性能。通过吊片法测得CBES可使水的表面张力降低至30.5 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为0.44 g/L;采用乳化法测定CBES的HLB值为14~15,表明CBES为水溶性表面活性剂。此外,CBES乳化大豆油、氨基硅油和聚醚硅油的乳化率分别为10.5%,48.7%和90.0%,且与异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚复配在乳化效力上具有协同增效作用。 The performance of collagen hydrolysate-based silicone surfactant (CBES) was determined through the measurement of surface tension,critical micellization concentration,hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and emulsifying performance.The surface activity and emulsifying performance of the blend system of CBES with iso-tridecanol ethoxylates nonionic surfactant were further determined.Results showed that CBES can decrease the surface tension of water to 30.5 mN/m and critical micelle concentration is 0.44 g/L by Wilhelmy method.HLB is 14~15 determined by emulsification method,indicating that it is a water soluble surfactant.In addition,the emulsification ratio of CBES emulsifying soybean oil,amino silicone oil and polyether silicone oil is 10.5%,48.7% and 90.0%,respectively.There is synergistic effect for emulsifying efficacy between CBES and iso-tridecanol ethoxylates. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(ⅩⅪ)——表面活性剂在化学反应过程及材料制备中的应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (ⅩⅪ) Application of surfactants in chemical reactions and preparation of materials 赵婷婷, 胡俊, 刘红芹, 徐宝财 2015 (9):  485-489.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.002 摘要 ( 284 )   PDF(1219KB) ( 412 )   综述了表面活性剂在催化反应和乳液聚合等化学反应过程中的应用,同时阐述了其在纳米材料、电子陶瓷等制备中的应用。最后对表面活性剂在化学反应过程以及材料制备领域的应用前景进行了展望。 The applications of surfactants in chemical reaction processes such as catalysis and emulsion polymerization et al.as well as in field of manufacture of engineering materials such as nano-materials and electronic ceramics et al.were summarized.Finally,the outlook with respect to applications of surfactant in chemical reaction processes and manufacture of engineering materials was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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碱性蛋白酶的空气/水界面行为研究 Study on the behavior of alkaline protease at air-water interface 王晶, 张剑, 张越 2015 (9):  490-494.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.003 摘要 ( 252 )   PDF(2690KB) ( 314 )   通过粒径和Zeta电位随时间和质量分数的变化考察了碱性蛋白酶在水溶液中的聚集过程,研究了碱性蛋白酶在空气/水界面的动态表面张力及其扩张流变性质,并测定了碱性蛋白酶酶活力随时间的变化,探讨了碱性蛋白酶酶活力与界面性质和溶液聚集行为之间的关系。研究结果显示:碱性蛋白酶在水中形成的聚集体粒径随时间和质量分数的增大而增大,而Zeta电位则降低,最终导致碱性蛋白酶与水发生相分离;碱性蛋白酶聚集体粒径增大,还将导致碱性蛋白酶扩散到界面上的动力学过程发生改变,由此影响到表面张力和界面膜黏弹性;随着碱性蛋白酶在溶液中的聚集,其酶活力下降。 The aggregation process of alkaline protease in aqueous solution was investigated by the change of particle size and Zeta potential with time and mass fraction.The dynamic surface tension of protease at air-water interface and its rheological properties were studied.Also,the changes of the enzyme activity of alkaline protease with time were determined.The relationship between protease activity and surface properties as well as aggregation behavior was examined.The results showed that particle size of protease aggregates increases with time and mass fraction while the value of Zeta potential declines,which results in the phase separation of the alkaline protease and water;as well as increase of particle size of the protease aggregates,it will results in change of kinetic process for diffusion of alkaline protease onto the interface,and thereby affects surface tension and visco-elasticity of the interface;the enzyme activity of alkaline protease decreases with its aggregation in solution. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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大蒜油的预乳化及分散性研究 Study on garlic oil pre-emulsion and therefore dispersion 丛方地, 王海风, 张媛媛, 于丰洋, 朱华玲, 张树林 2015 (9):  495-499.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.004 摘要 ( 343 )   PDF(3287KB) ( 283 )   为了提高大蒜油的分散性和稳定性,按一定比例将大蒜油依次与乙醇和Tween 80混合,制备出一种无水的棕色、澄明和黏稠的液体,称之为预乳液。较佳的预乳液中大蒜油、乙醇和Tween 80的质量比为1∶3∶7,它可与任意比例的水混溶,形成一种澄明的纳米乳液。比如,在10倍水稀释后的乳液中,含有大量的纳米乳滴,平均直径为36.1 nm。而且,这种大蒜油预乳液能在40 ℃和密封条件下稳定保存6个月,其所含大蒜油的成分和分散效果没有明显地变化。 In order to improve dispersion performance and stability of garlic oil,an anhydrous,brown color,clear and sticky liquid,named as pre-emulsion was prepared by mixing with ethanol and Tween 80 orderly.The better pre-emulsion can be obtained at a mass ratio of 1∶3∶7 of garlic oil,ethanol and Tween 80.It can be diluted in any proportion of water and form a clear nano-emulsion.For instance,the ten-fold water diluted emulsion included a large number of nano-emulsion droplet with an average diameter of 36.1 nm.Further,this pre-emulsion can be kept in stable state for six months without any obvious change of composition and dispersion state under closed circumstance and temperature 40 ℃. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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岩石表面可润湿性反转对二元复合驱提高采收率的影响 Effect of wettability reversal of rock surface on oil recovery by binary compound flooding 孙记夫, 戴莹, 陈权生, 吴运强, 赵文强, 李荣华, 栾和鑫 2015 (9):  500-504.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.005 摘要 ( 284 )   PDF(3166KB) ( 336 )   考察了克拉玛依石油磺酸盐(KPS)、磺基甜菜碱(BS)、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚(FAPE)和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)等4种表面活性剂的溶液改变含油天然岩芯砂模型表面可润湿性的能力和对新疆油田七东1区原油的静态洗油效率。分别将KPS,BS和FAPE与聚丙烯酰胺(KYPAM-2)组成二元复合体系,测试了KPS/KYPAM-2,BS/KYPAM-2和FAPE/KYPAM-2二元体系与1227溶液对原油的界面张力,并计算了它们剥离岩石表面油滴所需克服的粘附功,最后利用上述二元体系与1227溶液进行了驱油效率的考察。结果表明:4种表面活性剂溶液均能使岩石表面的可润湿性由油性润湿向中性或水性润湿反转;其中BS的粘附功为0.018 J,静态洗油效率为85.7%,BS/KYPAM-2二元体系水驱后提高采收率12.7%,在4种表面活性剂里性能最好。 The ability for changing lipophilic natural core model surface wettability and efficiency of static oil washing in East District 7(1) Xinjiang oilfield of four kinds of surfactant solution,Karamay petroleum sulfonate (KPS),sulfobetaine (BS),fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether (FAPE) and dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (1227) were examined.Binary compound systems were composed separately using KPS,BS and FAPE with polyacrylamide (KYPAM-2).Then,interfacial tension against crude oil using solution of KPS/KYPAM-2,BS/KYPAM-2 and FAPE/KYPAM-2 binary compound systems and 1227 solution was measured,and adhesion work needs to overcome for stripping the oil droplets from the rock surface by the binary compound system was calculated.Finally,oil displacement efficiency was studied using the above-mentioned binary compound systems and 1227 solution.The results showed that all of four kinds of surfactant solution can make the rock surface wettability reverse from oil-wetting to neutral wetting or aqueous wetting;where,the adhesion work of BS solution is 0.018 J;efficiency of static oil washing using BS is 85.7% and EOR magnitude after water flooding of BS/KYPAM-2 achieves 12.7%,which is the best among the four kinds of surfactant. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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烷基糖苷与醇醚羧酸盐的复配性能及其在泡泡水中的应用 Performance of alkyl polyglucoside/alcohol ether carboxylate blend system and its application in bubbly water 韩建英, 马丽娜, 杨庆利, 张威 2015 (9):  505-508.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.006 摘要 ( 541 )   PDF(1191KB) ( 504 )   将烷基糖苷(APG0810)与氧化法制得的醇醚羧酸盐(AEC-9H)进行复配,考察了不同质量比的复配体系的低温稳定性、表面活性和发泡性能,并将复配体系用于儿童玩具用泡泡水配方中。结果表明:向APG0810中添加少量的AEC-9H,对APG0810水溶液的低温稳定性有极大地改善;当m(APG0810)∶m(AEC-9H)=9∶1时,复配体系的临界胶束浓度较APG0810有显著下降,并且泡沫性能与APG0810单独使用时相近;将此复配体系应用于儿童玩具用泡泡水配方中,表现出很好的效果。 Alkyl polyglucoside (APG0810) was blended with alcohol ether carboxylate (AEC-9H) that prepared by oxidation method.Stability at low temperature,surface activity and foaming performance of the blend system were investigated.Then the blend system was applied in the bubbly water of toys for children.Results showed that as a small amount of AEC-9H is added,stability at low temperature of APG0810 aqueous solution is greatly improved.When the mass ratio between APG0810 and AEC-9H is 9∶1,the value of cmc of the blend system is much lower than that of APG0810,and the foaming properties of the blend system is similar to APG0810.The blend system with mass ratio between APG0810 and AEC 9∶1 was applied in formulation of bubbly water of toys for children and good result was obtained. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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牛肝菌提取液在细胞水平的抗衰老功效研究 Study of anti-aging efficacy of bolete at cell theory level 冯冰, 马来记 2015 (9):  509-512.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.007 摘要 ( 325 )   PDF(3170KB) ( 331 )   通过水提取法分离提取得到牛肝菌提取液,生药质量浓度为60 g/L。采用XTT比色法检测牛肝菌提取液对表皮角质细胞的线粒体活性、观察细胞增殖并检测其对细胞DNA含量的影响;利用DCFH-DA等方法检测牛肝菌提取液对人皮肤成纤维细胞内活性氧(ROS)及抗氧化元件(ARE)的影响;利用免疫荧光法检测牛肝菌提取液对成纤维细胞Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:牛肝菌提取液在终质量浓度为1.5 g/L时,较对照组可以显著提升角质细胞的线粒体活性及DNA的含量,能够明显促进细胞的增殖;牛肝菌提取液可以明显减少细胞内ROS的含量、提高细胞内ARE激活水平;同时牛肝菌提取液还可以促进Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白的表达。 Bolete extract with mass concentration of 60 g/L was obtained by water extraction method.Effects of bolete in the extract on mitochondrial activity of epidermal keratinous cells were detected with XTT colorimetry,as well as cell proliferation observed and effect on cellular DNA content of cell detected.Effects of bolete in the extract on cellular ROS content of human dermal fibroblast and ARE activation were detected with DCFH-DA assay,et al.Effects of bolete in the extract on expression of procollagen of type I in human dermal fibroblast was detected with immuno-fluorescence method.Results showed that the extract of bolete with mass concentration of 1.5 g/L can significantly increase the mitochondrial activity of epidermal keratinous cells and cellular DNA content as comparing with that of the control group and can apparently promote proliferation of cell.Further,ROS content in human dermal fibroblast is significantly reduced and ARE activation is promoted.Meanwhile,the extract of bolete can promote the expression of procollagen of type I too. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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植物广谱紫外吸收剂的优选及其性能研究 Optimization and performance test of broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorbent from natural plants 苏学军, 钱明月, 宗春燕, 郑琳 2015 (9):  513-517.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.008 摘要 ( 335 )   PDF(968KB) ( 334 )   为寻求性能优异的紫外吸收剂,对具有防晒作用的27种中草药提取液进行了筛选与复配,采用紫外光谱法对单一及复合紫外吸收剂的紫外吸收效果进行了研究。结果表明,由槐米、藏红花、黄连、苦丁茶、月季和紫罗兰6种中草药提取液按体积比2∶2∶0.5∶5∶1.5∶1复配而成的复合紫外吸收剂具有广谱紫外吸收特性。当复配物质量浓度为0.30 g/L时,紫外吸收效果优于供试的防晒霜醇提液;DPPH·清除试验表明其具有极强的抗氧化活性,半数效应浓度(EC50)为13.1 mg/L。该复合紫外吸收剂的光、热稳定性良好,可作为一种天然多效添加剂应用于防晒化妆品中。 In order to find out an ultraviolet absorbent with excellent performance,extract of 27 kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicine with sunscreen capability was screened separately as well as in blend form.Their UV absorbing efficacy was studied with ultraviolet spectroscopy.Results showed that the blend of ultraviolet absorbents displays a broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorption characteristics,which composed of extract of six kinds of Chinese traditional herbal medicine according to the volume ratio of 2∶2∶0.5∶5∶1.5∶1,namely as sophora seed,saffron crocus,Rhizoma coptidis,kuding tea, rose and violet.When the mass concentration of the blend is 0.30 g/L,the ultraviolet absorption efficacy was better than that of the alcohol extract of conventional sunscreen cream product.The DPPH· scavenging test showed that it displays a strong antioxidation activity,and its half maximal effective concentration (EC50) is 13.1 mg/L.The photo and thermal stability of the blend ultraviolet absorbent is good,and can be used as a kind of natural additive for the application in the sunscreen cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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二氢杨梅素结构及剂型修饰的研究进展 Progress in research work field with respect to structural modification and formulation development of dihydromyricetin 刘艳红, 李驰荣, 季丹丹, 李丽, 董银卯, 祝钧 2015 (9):  518-522.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.009 摘要 ( 335 )   PDF(873KB) ( 397 )   综述了二氢杨梅素结构修饰和剂型修饰的研究工作,介绍了金属离子螯合和酯化反应等结构修饰方法以及微乳液、脂质体、自乳化制剂、环糊精包裹、茶氨酸复合物和磷脂复合物等剂型修饰方法;讨论了修饰后物质的溶解度、抗氧化性和抑菌能力的变化;最后提出了二氢杨梅素结构及剂型修饰目前存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景。 The research work with respect to structural modification and formulation development of dihydromyricetin was introduced,covering structural modification such as metal chelating and esterification et al.,as well as formulation development such as microemulsion,liposome,self-emulsifying agent,β-cyclodextrin encapsulation,theanine complexation and phospholipid complexation et al.The solubility,antioxidation activity and antibacterial capacity of the product after modification and development were discussed.Some existing problems,development trend and application prospects in this field were proposed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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湿巾用防腐剂 Preservatives for wet wipes 李程碑, 杨淑玮 2015 (9):  523-528.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.010 摘要 ( 349 )   PDF(897KB) ( 874 )   介绍了湿巾微生物污染的现状;结合湿巾用防腐剂的法规变化,重点论述了以异噻唑啉酮为代表的5种单一湿巾用防腐剂和7种复合湿巾用防腐剂的特点;列举了3种发展较快的湿巾防腐体系;简要提出了天然防腐剂和“无添加防腐剂”体系是湿巾用防腐剂的发展方向。 The current status of microbial contamination in wet wipes was introduced.In combination with the changes of the regulations with respect to preservatives used for wet wipes,features of five kinds of individual preservative for wet wipes,represented by isothiazolinone and seven kinds of blend preservative system were emphatically described.Three kinds of rather rapid developing wet wipes preservative system were listed.It was pointed out that both natural preservatives and “no preservative systems” are the development trend for wet wipes preservatives. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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3种熊果苷的研究进展 Progress in development of three kinds of arbutin product 刘彩云, 吴培诚, 梁高卫, 罗欣茹, 周丹曼 2015 (9):  529-532.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.011 摘要 ( 461 )   PDF(850KB) ( 604 )   重点综述了α-熊果苷、β-熊果苷和脱氧熊果苷的制备方法、美白机制及应用现状和稳定性,并对它们进行了比较,提出新剂型和新技术如脂质体、微乳、包合物的开发为3种熊果苷提供了新的应用方向。 The preparation method,mechanism of whitening action,as well as the application status and the product stability of three kinds of arbutin were summarized and compared.The new product types and new technologies such as liposomes,microemulsions and clathrates were put forward for providing orientation for development of new applications in the future. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法同时测定海娜染发粉中的散沫花醌和对苯二胺 Simultaneous determination of lawsone and p-phenylenediamine in henna hair-coloring powders by high performance liquid chromatography 吴艳苹, 唐颖, 宋文婷, 曹蕊, 刘洋 2015 (9):  533-536.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.09.012 摘要 ( 221 )   PDF(959KB) ( 369 )   建立了一种同时测定海娜染发粉中散沫花醌和对苯二胺的高效液相色谱法。样品经体积分数为50%的甲醇水溶液超声提取,采用Waters C18色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器,以V(甲醇)∶V(0.1 mol/L乙酸水溶液)=33.5∶66.5的混合溶液为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测波长280 nm。实验结果表明,散沫花醌和对苯二胺的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.018和0.014 mg/L,定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.055和0.042 mg/L。当散沫花醌的质量浓度在0.515~51.50 mg/L、对苯二胺的质量浓度在21.50~430.00 mg/L范围内时,方法的线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 4。对苯二胺的加标回收率(n=3)为102.20%~105.42%,RSD为0.36%~1.34%;散沫花醌的加标回收率为96.74%~107.30%,RSD为0.99%~2.30%。采用该方法对53份市售海娜染发粉样品进行检测:有30个样品只检出散沫花醌,12个样品同时检出散沫花醌和对苯二胺,7个样品只检出对苯二胺,4个样品散沫花醌和对苯二胺均未检出。 A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to detect lawsone and p-phenylenediamine in henna hair-coloring powder.The samples were dissolved by 50% methanol and analyzed by Waters C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).Mobile phase is methanol and 0.1 mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution (volume ratio of 33.5∶66.5) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Operating temperature is 30 ℃.Detection wavelength is 280 nm.The detection limit (S/N=3) for lawsone and p-phenylenediamine is 0.018 and 0.014 mg/L respectively,and the limit of quantification (S/N=10) is 0.055 and 0.042 mg/L respectively.A good linear relation displays when lawsone is in the mass concentration range of 0.515-51.50 mg/L (r=0.999 8) and p-phenylenediamine is in the range of 21.50-430.00 mg/L (r=0.999 4).The spiked recoveries (n=3) are within the range of 102.20%-105.42% for p-phenylenediamine and 96.74%-107.30% for lawsone.The relative standard deviations (RSD) of p-phenylenediamine and lawsone are 0.36%-1.34% and 0.99%-2.30% respectively.Among test results of 53 henna hair-coloring powder samples from market,lawsone appears alone in 30 samples;both lawsone and p-phenylenediamine appear in 12 samples;p-phenylenediamine appears alone in seven samples and neither lawsone nor p-phenylenediamine appears in four samples. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标