当期目录

2015年, 第45卷, 第10期　刊出日期：2015-10-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂的表面活性 Surface activity of sugar-based Gemini cationic surfactants 王军, 陈玉菲, 李妮妮, 杨许召, 邹文苑 2015 (10):  541-545.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.001 摘要 ( 245 )   PDF(890KB) ( 336 )   通过吊片法和最大泡压法测定了4种糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂(SGCS)的平衡表面张力和动态表面张力,对其表面活性进行了评价。SGCS的γcmc在30 mN/m左右,cmc均在10-4 mol/L数量级,比普通阳离子表面活性剂的cmc低1~2 个数量级,表明SGCS具有优良的表面活性。SGCS的lg ccmc和pc20与疏水基的碳链长度符合线性关系。随着SGCS浓度的增大,动态表面张力下降速度加快,更容易达到介平衡。随着温度的升高,动态表面张力下降速率加快,说明温度越高动态表面活性越强。 Equilibrium surface tension and dynamic surface tension of four kinds of sugar-based Gemini cationic surfactant (SGCS) were determined with Wilhelmy method and maximum bubble pressure method;and the surface activity of SGCS was evaluated.Value of γcmc of SGCS is about 30 mN/m and cmc is in order of magnitude of 10-4 mol/L,which is 1-2 order of magnitude lower than that of conventional cationic surfactants.It showed that SGCS has excellent surface activity.There are linear relationship between lg ccmc and carbon number of the hydrophobic group,as well as pc20 and carbon number of the hydrophobic group.Following the increasing of concentration of SGCS and temperature,the decreasing rate of the dynamic surface tension rises rapidly.It showed that the higher the temperature,the stronger the dynamic surface activity of SGCS. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(ⅩⅫ)——表面活性剂在环境保护领域中的应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (ⅩⅫ) Applications of surfactants in environmental protection 马帅帅, 赵莉, 张华涛, 徐宝财 2015 (10):  546-549.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.002 摘要 ( 271 )   PDF(765KB) ( 385 )   综述了表面活性剂在废水处理技术、气体脱硫除尘技术和污染土壤修复技术3个领域的应用现状,其中分别介绍了表面活性剂的作用原理,并列举了一些应用实例。最后,对表面活性剂在环保领域的应用进行了展望并提出了建议。 Current status of applications of surfactants in three technological fields,waste water treatment,dust removal for gas desulfurization and remediation of polluted soil was summarized.Principles for action of the surfactants and some examples were presented.Outlook for the applications of surfactants in environmental protection was forecasted and advices were put forward. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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具有较高表面活性的木质素磺酸盐的制备 Preparation of highly surface active lignosulfonates 肖子寒, 邢航, 肖进新 2015 (10):  550-556.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.003 摘要 ( 357 )   PDF(1004KB) ( 505 )   以提取自植物秸秆的、采取温和工艺制得的市售木质素为原料,分别采用亚硫酸钠法、亚硫酸钠-硫酸铜法、亚硫酸钠-氯化铁法、亚硫酸钠-甲醛法、亚硫酸钠-甲醛-氯化铁法、硫酸法和发烟硫酸法对木质素进行磺化。采用滴体积法测定了中和后产物溶液的表面张力和与正庚烷的界面张力。通过酸碱滴定、红外光谱和热重分析对原料及磺化产物进行表征。结果表明,所得木质素磺酸钠降低表面张力的能力较强,其中通过亚硫酸钠法、亚硫酸钠-氯化铁法和硫酸法处理得到的产物磺化度较高,中和后产物的水溶液表面张力可低至34~38 mN/m (25 ℃)。推测原料木质素的结构较均一、自身酸性基团含量高等因素对其磺化产物的表面活性起重要作用。 Lignosulfonates were prepared by sulfonation of lignin product purchased from the market that was obtained from plant stalk with mild technological process;followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.Different sulfonation methods were used separately such as Na2SO3 method,Na2SO3-CuSO4 method,Na2SO3-FeCl3 method,Na2SO3-formaldehyde method,Na2SO3-formaldehyde-FeCl3 method,sulfuric acid method and fuming sulfuric acid method.Both surface tension at air/water and interfacial tension at n-heptane/water of the aqueous solutions of lignosulfonate products were measured by drop volume method.Acid-base titration method,infrared spectra and thermal gravity analysis were used to characterize the starting material and the sulfonated products prepared.The results showed that the surface activity of lignosulfonates obtained is relatively high,especially for the products prepared by Na2SO3 method,Na2SO3-FeCl3 method and sulfuric acid method whose surface tension can be as low as 34-38 mN/m (25 ℃).This work showed that surface activity of the lignosulfonate products may greatly depend on the uniformity as well as content of the acidic groups in the starting lignin material. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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支链烷基糖苷的合成及性能研究 Preparation and performance of branched chain glycoside 白亮, 杨秀全, 吴志宇, 张军, 周媛, 杨庆利, 刘伟 2015 (10):  557-560.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.004 摘要 ( 322 )   PDF(835KB) ( 437 )   以2-丙基庚醇和支链C0810醇(2-乙基己醇与2-丙基庚醇按等质量配制的混合物)为原料,分别与葡萄糖一步法合成支链烷基糖苷,测定了不同聚合度支链烷基糖苷的表面活性以及泡沫、乳化和润湿性能。结果表明,随着支链烷基糖苷平均聚合度的增加,临界胶束浓度cmc略有升高、最低表面张力γcmc逐渐降低、分子面积ams增大、吸附量Γmax减小;与单一的支链烷基糖苷相比,混合支链烷基糖苷体系具有更低的cmc、更大的表面吸附量和更小的分子面积;支链烷基糖苷的泡沫稳定性都没有直链烷基糖苷0810的好;随着平均聚合度的增加,支链烷基糖苷润湿力降低。 The branched chain glycosides were prepared from 2-propyl-1-heptanol and branched C0810 alcohol (which was mixed from equal mass 2-propyl-1-heptanol and 2-ethylhexanol) separately with glucose by one step method,and their surface activities as well as the foaming,emulsifying and wetting performance were investigated.Results showed that cmc and ams of the branched chain glycosides increase with increase of average polymerization degree,but γcmc and Γmax decrease.The cmc and ams of mixed branched chain glycosides are lower than that of single branched chain glycoside,but the Γmax is bigger.The foam stability of the branched chain glycosides is worse as comparing with that of n-APG0810.With increasing average polymerization degree,the wetting power of the branched chain glycosides decreases. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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烷基糖苷与辛基咪唑啉复配体系的性能研究 Performance of the blend system of alkyl polyglucoside and octyl imidazoline 马丽娜, 杨庆利, 王丰收, 张威, 张高飞 2015 (10):  561-563.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.005 摘要 ( 325 )   PDF(779KB) ( 357 )   用烷基糖苷APG0810与两性离子表面活性剂辛基咪唑啉进行复配,测定了复配体系的表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿力和乳化性能。结果表明,APG0810与辛基咪唑啉的复配体系具有一定的协同增效作用。当m(APG0810)∶m(辛基咪唑啉)=5∶1时,对表面活性的增效作用最好,其临界胶束浓度(cmc)为577.53 mg/L,最低表面张力(γcmc)为28.20 mN/m。同时,通过与APG0810进行复配,辛基咪唑啉的润湿力和乳化性能均得到改善,并且在m(APG0810)∶m(辛基咪唑啉)=5∶1时,效果达到最好。 The blend system composed of alkyl polyglucoside (APG0810) and zwitterionic surfactant octyl imidazoline was prepared.Its surface activity,foaming performance,wetting power and emulsifying performance were investigated.The results showed that the blend system of APG0810 and octyl imidazoline displays a good synergistic effect.When the mass ratio between APG0810 and octyl imidazoline is 5∶1,the synergistic effect is the best.And in that condition,the value of the critical micelle concentration is 577.53 mg/L and the minimum value of γcmc is 28.20 mN/m.The wetting power and emulsifying performance are also improved,and when the mass ratio between APG0810 and octyl imidazoline is 5∶1,the effects achieve the best. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表面活性剂对黏土悬浮稳定性影响研究 Effects of surfactants on clay suspension stability 单秀华, 高书香, 韩光明, 闫健钊, 杨建雷, 康万利 2015 (10):  564-567.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.006 摘要 ( 221 )   PDF(952KB) ( 420 )   通过Turbiscan稳定性分析仪测得的稳定性常数(TSI-1)比较不同驱油剂质量浓度下黏土矿物的悬浮稳定性,结果表明表面活性剂对黏土悬浮稳定性影响最大。通过不同驱油剂体系下表面活性剂在黏土矿物表面的吸附变化和黏土矿物表面Zeta电位的变化,分析三元复合驱采出水中黏土矿物的稳定机理。结果表明,采出水中表面活性剂在黏土表面的吸附为Langmuir型吸附;随聚合物、碱质量浓度增大,表面活性剂在黏土表面的吸附量降低、黏土矿物表面Zeta电位绝对值增大,但碱、聚合物对表面活性剂吸附量的影响较小;采出水中三元驱油剂的存在增强了黏土矿物的悬浮稳定性。 Stability of clay mineral suspensions with different mass concentrations of oil displacing agent was compared via their stability constants (TSI-1) measured with Turbiscan stability analyzer.The resulted TSI-1 values showed that the surfactants display the greatest effect on clay mineral suspension stability.Mechanism for the stabilization of clay mineral particles suspended in water collected from ASP flooding was investigated via the changes of surfactant adsorption and Zeta potential on the clay mineral particles surface.The results showed that,the surfactants adsorbed onto surface of clay mineral particles in collected water belong to Langmuir type adsorption.Following the increase of mass concentrations of alkali and/or polymer,the surfactant adsorption on clay mineral particles surface decreases,while the absolute value of Zeta potential on clay mineral particles surface increases.However,the effect of alkali and/or polymer on amount of surfactant adsorbed is relatively small.The existence of the ternary oil displacement agent in the collected water increases the stability of the clay mineral particles suspension. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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超声制备甲醇柴油乳液及其稳定性研究 Preparation and stability of methanol diesel oil emulsion under action of ultrasonic wave 焦纬洲, 李晓霞, 李鹏, 何守琪, 符曼, 王永明 2015 (10):  568-571.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.007 摘要 ( 233 )   PDF(861KB) ( 308 )   采用Tween 80,Span 80,Tween 20,油酸和十二烷基磺酸钠复配作为乳化剂,利用高速分散器和超声波装置作为预乳化和深度乳化装置制备甲醇柴油乳液。研究了超声参数(声强和作用时间)、乳化剂及甲醇用量等对甲醇柴油乳液稳定性的影响,得出适宜的操作条件为:复配乳化剂HLB值为5.1,复配乳化剂质量分数为3%,甲醇体积分数为15%,预乳化时间为5 min,转速为5×2 800 r/min,超声乳化时间为15 min,超声作用功率为352 W。 Adopting blends of Tween 80,Span 80,Tween 20,oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate as emulsifier,methanol diesel oil emulsion was prepared with high speed dispersing machine and ultrasonic wave device.Effect of the ultrasonic parameters (ultrasonic wave intensity,duration of ultrasonic wave treatment),dosage of emulsifier and methanol on the stability of methanol diesel oil emulsion was investigated.The suitable operating conditions were determined as following:HLB value,5.1;emulsifying agent mass fraction,3%;methanol volume fraction,15%;high speed dispersing time,5 min;speed of the dispersing machine,5×2 800 r/min;duration of ultrasonic wave treatment,15 min;power of the ultrasonic wave device,352 W. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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乳香提取物固体纳米脂质微粒的制备与性能研究 Preparation and performance of solid lipid nanoparticles from Boswellia carterii Birdw extract 闫广义, 李玢洁, 白林凤, 许菁, 王雪梅 2015 (10):  572-576.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.008 摘要 ( 262 )   PDF(1661KB) ( 325 )   采用高剪切超声乳化法制备乳香提取物固体纳米脂质微粒(BCBE-SLN),通过改变剪切速率、乳化温度和配方组成,得出适宜的制备条件;对所得产品的粒径、Zeta电位及形貌进行了表征;研究了其离心、储存及稀释稳定性;并对其进行体外经皮试验。结果表明:在乳化温度为60 ℃,乳化剂鲸蜡醇聚醚-20 (BC-20)和硬脂醇聚氧乙烯醚-25(A-25)的质量分数均为0.5%,脂质原料和乳香提取物的质量分数均为1.0%,剪切速率为13 000 r/min,剪切时间为3 min时,制备的BCBE-SLN的平均粒径为70.6 nm,多分散指数(PDI)为0.388,Zeta电位为-20.0 mV,产品有很好的皮肤渗透性,并具备良好的离心、储存及稀释稳定性。 Solid lipid nanoparticles from Boswellia carterii Birdw extract (BCBE-SLN) were prepared via high shear ultrasonic emulsification.Suitable conditions for the preparation were obtained via experiments investigating the changes of shear rate,emulsifying temperature and composition of the ingredient mixture.The particle size,Zeta potential and the morphological characteristics of the BCBE-SLN product were characterized,and the centrifugal stability,storage stability,dilution stability were examined.The percutaneous absorption in vitro test was conducted.Results showed that the average particle size of BCBE-SLN achieves 70.6 nm,PDI is 0.388,and Zeta potential is -20.0 mV under the condition as:emulsion temperature is 60 ℃;mass fractions of emulsifiers A-25 and BC-20 are both 0.5%;and those of BCBE and lipid material are both 1.0%;the shear rate is 13 000 r/min for 3 min.The skin permeability of the BCBE-SLN product is good;moreover,the centrifugal,storage and dilution stability of the BCBE-SLN product are also good. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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天然可可脂的抗氧化活性及其在护肤霜中的应用 Antioxidation activity of natural cocoa butter and its application in skin cream 郭惠玲, 李晨晨, 俞苓 2015 (10):  577-581.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.009 摘要 ( 486 )   PDF(856KB) ( 399 )   通过DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基清除率以及油脂过氧化值的测定,对可可脂体外抗氧化能力进行评价,并将可可脂应用于护肤霜中,对其功效进行评价。结果表明:可可脂多酚具有很好的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为11.61和10.59 mg/L,优于维生素C和维生素E;天然可可脂能有效抑制油脂的氧化,效果与用量呈正相关;添加可可脂能有效提高护肤霜的保湿性,增强美白效果,改善皮肤弹性,对皮肤安全、无刺激性。 The vitro antioxidation activity of cocoa butter was evaluated by the determination of scavenging ratio of DPPH free radicals and ABTS+ free radicals,as well as oil peroxide value (POV).Results showed that the cocoa butter polyphenols display good antioxidation activity,the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of DPPH free radicals and ABTS+ free radicals is 11.61 and 10.59 mg/L respectively,which are better than that of vitamin C and vitamin E.Natural cocoa butter can effectively restrain the oxidation of oils and fats,and the effect is directly correlated with the dosage.Adding natural cocoa butter into cosmetic creams can effectively raise the moisturizing performance,upgrade the whitening effect and improve the skin elasticity.Meanwhile,it is safe for human skin and no skin irritation displays. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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酯基季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成研究进展 Progress in research work field for synthesis of Gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactants with ester group 王渊, 刘强, 高文超, 李兴, 魏文珑, 常宏宏 2015 (10):  582-588.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.010 摘要 ( 287 )   PDF(984KB) ( 264 )   综述了酯基分别为连接基和疏水基的对称型季铵盐双子(Gemini)表面活性剂以及不对称酯基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法,并对合成产物的性能及应用进行了简单介绍,最后对酯基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。 Synthesis methods of symmetric and asymmetric Gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactants with ester group (esterquats) as the spacer and as the hydrophobic group were summarized separately.Meanwhile,performance and applications of the synthesized Gemini esterquats were briefed.Future development of such category of surfactant was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在化妆品中的功效机理 Mechanisms of efficacies of epigallocatechin gallate in cosmetics 邓小锋, 王浩, 周自若, 孟宏, 李丽 2015 (10):  589-592.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.011 摘要 ( 324 )   PDF(868KB) ( 348 )   对表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)在化妆品中延缓光老化、美白、收敛和保湿4大功效机理进行了综述,其中延缓光老化主要从清除自由基和调控光老化相关酶活性2方面进行论述,为EGCG在化妆品中的应用提供理论依据。 Four main mechanisms of efficacies of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in cosmetics,including photoaging delaying,whitening,convergence and moisturizing were summarized.The photoaging delaying was discussed in two aspects,the scavenging of free radicals as well as regulation and control of enzyme activity that relevant with photoaging action.The descriptions provide a theoretical basis for applications of EGCG in cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测一次性纸杯中微量元素 Determination of trace elements in disposable cups by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy 陈金娥, 菅晓霞, 张海容 2015 (10):  593-595.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.10.012 摘要 ( 252 )   PDF(770KB) ( 283 )   建立了同时测定一次性纸杯中Cu,Mn,Fe,Zn,K,Mg,Ca,Cr,Hg和Pb等10种微量元素的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法。实验结果表明:方法线性关系良好,相关系数在0.991~0.999之间,线性范围较宽,操作简便。采用该法对10种品牌一次性纸杯(无油墨部分)中微量元素进行检测表明:无油墨部分的纸杯中含有丰富的K,Mg和Ca等有用元素,同时也含有Zn和Fe等人体必需的微量元素;Cu,Mn,Fe,Zn和K质量浓度分别为1.02~24.15,0.003~2.77,9.16~52.56,0.39~1.62和2.17~15.91 mg/L;品牌3,5和7纸杯含有Pb;品牌3,4和5纸杯含有Hg;品牌7纸杯Cr和Cu含量最高。 A method for simultaneous determination of ten kinds of element Cu,Mn,Fe,Zn,K,Mg,Ca,Cr,Hg and Pb in disposable cups by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was established.Experimental results showed that the method displays good linear relationship with correlation coefficient between 0.991~0.999;and the linear range is quite wide.Meanwhile,the operation is simple.By measurement of ten kinds of disposable cups (no printing ink part) with the ICP-OES,the results showed that some disposable cups contain rich useful elements,such as K,Mg and Ca,as well as essential trace elements for mankind,such as Zn and Fe et al.The mass concentration of Cu,Mn,Fe,Zn and K are 1.02-24.15,0.003-2.77,9.16-52.56,0.39-1.62 and 2.17-15.91 mg/L respectively.However,disposable cup item 3#,5# and 7# contain Pb;item 3#,4# and 5# contain Hg.Among all items,item 7# contains both Cr and Cu at a relatively highest level. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标