当期目录

2015年, 第45卷, 第3期　刊出日期：2015-03-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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静电作用构筑的四聚表面活性剂的表面活性 Surface activity of tetrameric surfactants constructed by electrostatic interactions 田金年, 宋冰蕾, 裴晓梅, 陈燕, 陈书意, 李枢楠, 崔正刚 2015 (3):  121-126.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.001 摘要 ( 241 )   PDF(918KB) ( 468 )   静电相互作用对离子表面活性剂的自组装行为有着重要影响。利用具有不同连接链长度的四聚季铵盐(四聚季铵碱)与月桂酸钠(月桂酸)通过静电作用构筑了一类低聚表面活性剂,并通过表面张力法和荧光探针法研究了其表面活性。结果表明:连接链长度不同的低聚表面活性剂的cmc是月桂酸钠(cmc为28.8 mmol/L)的1/24~1/5,且无盐低聚表面活性剂的cmc是月桂酸钠的1/50左右,低聚季铵根离子与月桂酸跟离子相互吸引形成了类似低聚表面活性剂的动态结构,使得体系的表面活性有了极大提高;另外,季铵离子头基之间的连接链长度对体系的性能也有重要的影响。 Electrostatic interaction plays special and important role in the self-assembly of ionic surfactants.A series of oligomeric surfactant was constructed from tetrameric quaternary ammonium salt (base) of separate spacer carbon chain length and sodium laurate (lauric acid) via electrostatic interaction.Surface activity of the constructed product was investigated via its surface tension and fluorescence probe method.Test results showed that the cmc of the constructed oligomeric surfactant is 1/24~1/5 of the sodium laurate (28.8 mmol/L) while in salt free condition,the cmc becomes about 1/50.Mutual attraction between the oligomeric quaternary ammonium radical and the lauric acid radical forms a dynamic structure that is similar to oligomeric surfactant and its surface activity is greatly enhanced.Besides,the spacer carbon chain length of the tetrameric quaternary ammonium ion also displays important influence on the performance of the system. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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焙烧型镁铝双金属氢氧化物对水中苯甲酸的吸附行为 Adsorption behavior of benzoic acid in water with calcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxides 刘玲, 何小丽 2015 (3):  127-131.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.002 摘要 ( 227 )   PDF(893KB) ( 336 )   采用共沉淀法制备镁铝双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)功能材料,并在500 ℃焙烧得到改性的层状氢氧化镁铝(LDO),利用XRD和FTIR对改性前后的产物结构进行表征。以LDO为吸附剂、水中苯甲酸为研究对象,具体考察了吸附剂的投加量、pH、吸附平衡时间及恒温水浴振荡温度等实验条件对苯甲酸脱除效果的影响。结果表明,在25 mL质量浓度为0.6 g/L的苯甲酸溶液中,吸附剂投加量0.8 g,pH=8.0,吸附60 min,(25±0.5) ℃的条件下脱除效果较佳,脱除率可达到77.9%。此外,吸附反应较符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,该吸附是一个自发放热反应,吸附热为-17.01 kJ/mol。 The functional material Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was prepared by co-precipitation method,and the material was calcined at 500 ℃ to obtain modified Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDO).Structure of the product before and after modification was characterized by XRD and FTIR.With LDO as adsorbent,adsorption of benzoic acid in water was examined.Effect of experimental conditions such as dosage of adsorbent,pH,adsorption equilibrium time and oscillation temperature of thermostatic waterbath on effectiveness of removal of benzoic acid in water were specifically investigated.Results indicated that the better condition appears as the dosage of adsorbent,pH,adsorption time and temperature are 0.8 g,8.0,60 min and (25±0.5) ℃ respectively in 25 mL 0.6 g/L benzoic acid solution.Under such conditions,the removal ratio of benzoic acid achieves 77.9%.In addition,the adsorption reaction conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm models,and the adsorption is an exothermic reaction.Adsorption heat is -17.01 kJ/mol. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(XV)——表面活性剂的洗涤作用及其应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (XV) Detergency of surfactants and its applications 张利丹, 赵莉, 韩富, 徐宝财 2015 (3):  132-136.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.003 摘要 ( 415 )   PDF(857KB) ( 835 )   简述了表面活性剂的洗涤去污作用原理,介绍了影响表面活性剂洗涤效果的几个因素。综述了不同类型表面活性剂洗涤作用的应用情况。最后基于洗涤作用对表面活性剂的发展前景进行了展望。 Detergency of surfactants was described,and several influencing factors were presented.Applications of detergency of the surfactants were reviewed according to the type of the surfactants.At the end,the development outlooks of the surfactants were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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非离子表面活性剂形成微乳体系的规律性研究 Study on regularity of microemulsion system formed with nonionic surfactant 田永红, 郭奕光, 翟晓梅, 张婉萍 2015 (3):  137-142.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.004 摘要 ( 404 )   PDF(871KB) ( 561 )   研究了非离子型表面活性剂形成微乳液体系的相行为,同时采用单因素变量法考察了乳化温度、组分含量、多元醇链长、添加剂以及pH对微乳液液滴粒径及Zeta电位值的影响。结果表明:较优乳化温度为80 ℃,在此乳化温度下微乳液液滴粒径较小、体系各组分的较优质量分数为1%甜杏仁油、10%聚氧乙烯(21)硬脂醇醚、10% 1,2-丙二醇、0.4% NaCl以及78.6%去离子水。此外,添加1,2-丙二醇作助乳化剂,当pH相对较低时生成的微乳液液滴粒径较小,体系较稳定。 Phase behavior of microemulsion system formed with nonionic surfactant was studied.Effects of emulsification temperature,content of components,carbon chain length of the polyol,additives and pH on the microemulsion droplets particle size and Zeta potential value were examined.Results showed that the optimal emulsifying temperature is 80 ℃ and the partical size of the droplets is at the minimum.The optimum mass fraction of the separate components is 1% of sweet almond oil,10% of polyoxyethylene (21) stearyl alcohol ether,10% of 1,2-propylene glycol,0.4% of sodium chloride,78.6% of deionized water.In addition,1,2-propylene glycol is to be added as co-emulsifying agent.Under relatively low pH condition,the microemulsion droplets size is at the minimum,and the system is stable. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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响应面法优化海藻酸钠消化工艺及结构分析 Response surface method as an approach for optimization of digestion process of sodium alginate and its structure analysis 李可, 李嘉诚, 黄俊浩, 王荔宁, 张永利, 颜慧琼, 伍剑博 2015 (3):  143-148.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.005 摘要 ( 317 )   PDF(1637KB) ( 435 )   采用响应面试验设计和分析方法优化了从海南马尾藻中提取海藻酸钠的消化工艺,得到最佳消化工艺条件为:Na2CO3的质量分数为2.49%,消化温度为61.42 ℃,消化时间为2.07 h,预测最高提取率为34.99%,实测值为34.82%,相对误差仅为0.047 7%,模型拟合度很好。实验采用核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)对比表征和分析了从海南马尾藻中提取的海藻酸钠与市购海藻酸钠的甘露糖醛酸(M)和古罗糖醛酸(G)的比值及G,M,GG,GM,MM和MG片段的结构数据,其FM/FG值分别为0.41和1.72,说明两者结构相差较大;进而采用凝胶色谱法(GFC)测得市购海藻酸钠和自提海南马尾藻海藻酸钠分子量分别为488 699和93 766,分散系数(PDI)皆小于3,分子量分布较均匀;采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析观察了2种海藻酸钠在水溶液中的形态结构,结果发现结构及分子量不同的自提海藻酸钠在水溶液中呈线性网状交联分布,在0.15 mol/L NaCl溶液中能自组装形成分散均匀,粒径约为40 nm的聚集体,并用荧光光谱法测得其临界聚集浓度(cac)为0.884 7 g/L。 Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize technological parameters for digestion process of extraction of sodium alginate (SA) from Hainan wild sargassum.The optimum technical conditions were as follows:Na2CO3 mass fraction,2.49%;digestion temperature,61.42 ℃;digestion time,2.07 h.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of SA from Hainan wild sargassum could reach 34.82%,which is close to practical value 34.99%.The relative error was only 0.047 7%,showing that the model fits pretty well.1HNMR was used to characterize and analyze the ratio of the mannuronic acid (M) to guluronic acid (G),the sequences and composition ratios of G,M,GG,GM,MM and MG of the prepared product and that of the market product.The FM/FG ratios of the prepared product and market product are 0.41 and 1.72 respectively,indicating a great difference of their structure.Meanwhile,molecular weight of the prepared product and the market product are 488 699 and 93 766 respectively,and all their polydispersity (PDI) are less than 3,indicating that the molecular weight distribution is rather uniform.Morphological structure of the prepared product and the market product was observed via TEM.And results showed that the prepared product with different structure and molecular weight is forming linear network crosslinking distribution in aqueous solution and self aggregating into spherical aggregates with a uniform dispersion and similar size of 40 nm in 0.15 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution.Its critical aggregating concentration was detected by photofluorimeter and the result value is 0.884 7 g/L. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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无患子皂苷提取工艺的优化 Optimization of the extraction technology of sapindosides 马丽珍 2015 (3):  149-151.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.006 摘要 ( 366 )   PDF(727KB) ( 505 )   采用水提醇沉法提取无患子皂苷,以得到无患子皂苷的量为评价指标,用正交设计试验考察醇沉工艺中初膏质量分数、乙醇体积分数和醇沉温度3个因素的影响。结果表明:初膏质量分数是影响无患子皂苷提取量的主要因素,乙醇体积分数和醇沉温度是影响其提取量的次要因素;提取工艺的较优方案为初膏质量分数25%,乙醇体积分数70%,醇沉温度30 ℃,在此条件下,100 g无患子果皮可提取3.659 1 g的皂苷。 Water extraction and alcohol precipitation were used to obtain sapindosides,and total yield of the sapindosides was taken as the evaluation index.Effect of three factors,mass fraction of the primary paste obtained,volume fraction of ethanol and alcohol precipitation temperature were examined with orthogonally designed experiments.Results showed that mass fraction of the primary paste is the major factor,while volume fraction of ethanol and alcohol precipitation temperature are the minor factors.The recommended conditions for the extraction process is 25% for mass fraction of the primary paste,70% for volume fraction of ethanol and 30 ℃ for alcohol precipitation temperature.Under these conditions,3.659 1 g of sapindosides can be obtained from 100 g of peel of sapindus tree fruit. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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指甲花醌的DNA毒性及机理研究 Study on DNA toxicity of lawsone and its mechanism 李蔚仑, 李军生, 黄国霞, 阎柳娟, 高颜 2015 (3):  152-156.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.007 摘要 ( 357 )   PDF(861KB) ( 429 )   采用双荧光探针法和共振散射光谱法研究了指甲花醌与DNA的作用,以结合饱和值评价指甲花醌的DNA毒性并推断其毒性机理。结果发现,指甲花醌与DNA的结合饱和值为0.33;在氯化钠、氯化钙、葡萄糖、异亮氨酸、组氨酸和维生素C这6种环境共存物对指甲花醌与DNA的结合影响最大时,指甲花醌与DNA的结合饱和值分别为0.40,0.50,0.29,0.33,0.25和0.29;指甲花醌可使溴化乙锭-DNA体系荧光强烈猝灭,使SYBR Green-DNA体系荧光微弱猝灭;且指甲花醌-双链DNA体系共振散射强度明显强于指甲花醌-单链DNA体系。结果表明,指甲花醌存在一定的DNA毒性,可与DNA发生嵌入结合和较弱的沟槽键合。 Fluorescence spectrometry with two kinds of fluorescence probe and resonance light scattering spectroscopy were applied to study the interaction between lawsone and DNA.The DNA saturation binding value was adopted to evaluate the toxicity of the lawsone and its toxicity mechanism was inferred.Results showed that the DNA saturation binding value of lawsone was 0.33.In case the binding effect of six kinds of environmentally co-existing material,sodium chloride,calcium chloride,glucose,isoleucine,histidine and vitamin C achieving the highest value,the DNA saturation binding values of lawsone is 0.40,0.50,0.29,0.33,0.25 and 0.29 respectively.The lawsone can eliminate the fluorescence intensity of ethidium bromide-DNA abruptly and can eliminate that of SYBR Green-DNA slightly.Intensity of resonance light scattering of lawsone-single stranded DNA was weaker than that of lawsone-double stranded DNA.The conclusion is that the lawsone has certain toxicity.It can cause embedded binding with the DNA base pairs,and weakly bind into the minor groove of DNA. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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绿原酸对酪氨酸酶活性影响及动力学研究 Kinetics and effect of chlorogenic acid on tyrosinase activity 龚盛昭, 张凯, 孙永, 陈佳龄 2015 (3):  157-160.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.008 摘要 ( 347 )   PDF(806KB) ( 353 )   测试了绿原酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活力的影响。实验结果表明,绿原酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活性均有激活作用,使单酚酶和二酚酶相对酶活力增加50%的绿原酸质量浓度(IC50)分别为10.5 mg/L和1.1 g/L。绿原酸能消除单酚酶的迟滞时间,对二酚酶的激活作用表现为竞争性激活,激活常数KI=1.91 g/L。 The effect of chlorogenic acid on the activity of monophenolase and diphenolase of tyrosinase was tested.Experimental results showed that the activity of both monophenolase and diphenolase can be activated by chlorogenic acid.Chlorogenic acid mass concentration that can result in 50% activity increase (IC50) is 10.5 mg/L for monophenolase and 1.1 g/L for diphenolase.Chlorogenic acid can eliminate the lagging time of the monophenolase.The activation kinetics of chlorogenic acid analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated a competitive activation for the activation of diphenolase and the activation constant (KI) is determined as 1.91 g/L. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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油茶籽油与虫白蜡复配物在乳液化妆品中的应用研究 Application of tea seed oil and insect wax blend in cosmetics 马金菊, 马李一, 张重权, 王有琼, 张弘, 张雯雯 2015 (3):  161-165.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.009 摘要 ( 273 )   PDF(1312KB) ( 400 )   以油茶籽油与虫白蜡复配物为基质,辅以鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽和少量高级烷醇等原料制备了水包油型润肤乳,并按有关标准对产品进行了性能测试和评价。结果显示:润肤乳的感官和理化指标经检测均符合国家标准,其中耐寒性和离心稳定性等理化性质优于优级品的标准要求;润肤乳颗粒均匀,基本为球状,与市售对照商品乳液的粒径均匀度相当;润肤乳刺激性较小,安全性良好,具有较好的保湿效果。 Blend of tea seed oil and insect wax was used as base material together with fish collagen peptide and small amount of high alphatic alcohol to prepare O/W type moisturizing lotion product.The product's performance testing and evaluation were accomplished according to the relevant standards.Results showed that the sensory indices and physical-chemical indices of the product obtained from the quality detection tests are in line with the national standards,and its cold weather endurance as well as centrifugal stability are better than the premium-grade standard requirements.Particles of the moisturizing lotion product are homogeneous and basically spherical,which was the similar to that of the reference commodity in the market.The results also demonstrate that the moisturizing lotion product displays low skin irritation,good moisturizing efficacy and safety. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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影响青刺果油过氧化值因素的研究 Factors that affect the peroxide value of Prinsepia utilis Royle oil 温文忠, 黄灿, 蓝艺珺, 陶宇, 周戟 2015 (3):  166-168.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.010 摘要 ( 355 )   PDF(793KB) ( 459 )   为了得到青刺果油的最佳保存条件,对不同产地、不同年限的青刺果油的过氧化值进行了比较,研究了青刺果油过氧化值随时间的变化以及水分含量和维生素E(VE)纯度对其过氧化值的影响。结果表明:维西新果新油的初始质量较好,其过氧化值随时间的延长而增加;过高的水分含量对维西新果新油的过氧化有很大的促进作用;在维西新果新油中加入质量分数为50%的VE时,可以有效抑制其过氧化反应的速率。 In order to realize the optimum storing conditions of Prinsepia utilis Royle oil,the peroxide value of Prinsepia utilis Royle oil from different areas or ages was compared.Besides,effect of moisture content and Vitamin E (VE) purity in the oil on the change of peroxide value was studied.Results showed that the initial quality of newly expressed oil of new Weixi fruits is rather good.Its peroxide value rises with the extension of time.High moisture content in the oil will remarkably promote the oxidization of the oil.Addition of VE of 50% mass fraction in newly expressed oil of new Weixi fruits can effectively exhibit the oxidation rate of the oil. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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包覆技术及其在化妆品中的应用现状 Encapsulation technology and the current status of its application in cosmetic field 罗绍强, 张晨, 牛玉莲, 张志伟 2015 (3):  169-174.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.011 摘要 ( 597 )   PDF(1190KB) ( 872 )   简要分析了包覆技术在化妆品领域的重要意义;主要介绍了微胶囊、脂质体、多孔聚合物系统和纳米结构脂质载体4类包覆技术各自的结构特点、制备方法以及在化妆品行业中的应用性能和作用;较详细地综述了各类包覆技术在防晒化妆品和其他化妆品中的应用现状;最后提出了该技术目前的发展方向和应用前景等。 Significance of encapsulating technology in the field of cosmetics was discussed briefly.The structural features,preparation methods,application performance and functions in cosmetics of four types of encapsulating technology,microcapsule,liposome,porous polymer and nanostructured lipid carriers were introduced separately.The application status of several encapsulating technologies in sunscreening cosmetics and other cosmetics were reviewed in detail.The development trends and application prospects of the technology were proposed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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柱后衍生-离子色谱法测定化妆品中溴酸盐含量 Determination of bromate salt content in cosmetics with post-column derivation-ion chromatography 凌小芳, 李铭, 郑洪国, 郭桦 2015 (3):  175-180.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2015.03.012 摘要 ( 232 )   PDF(786KB) ( 340 )   建立了化妆品中溴酸盐的柱后衍生-离子色谱检测方法。采用ICS1100离子色谱仪,IonPac AS19色谱柱,以KOH为淋洗液洗脱,经衍生试剂衍生后以二极管阵列检测器对样品中溴酸盐含量进行检测。结果表明:该方法在1.25~125 μg/L 质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2=1);加标回收率为98%~100%,相对标准偏差约为1%,检出限为15.7 μg/kg,定量下限为51.9 μg/kg。方法快速、准确,选择性及灵敏度好,完全满足化妆品中溴酸盐检测的要求。 A detection method for determination of bromate salt content in cosmetics with ion chromatography together with post-column derivation was established.The sample is separated on ICS 1100 ion chromatography system equipped with IonPac AS19 column,using KOH as eluent,with photodiode array as the detector.Results showed that good linearity appears in the range of 1.25-125 μg/L with correlation coefficient of R2=1.The spiked recoveries are in the range of 98%-100%,with relative standard deviation as about 1%,limit of detection as 15.7 μg/kg and limit of determination as 51.9 μg/kg.With advantages of simplicity,good reproducibility and high sensitivity,the method is suitable for the determination of bromate salt in cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标