当期目录

2018年, 第48卷, 第2期　刊出日期：2018-02-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

Select

微乳法制备棒状ZnO材料及其光催化性能 Preparation of rodlike ZnO materials by microemulsion method and their photocatalytic properties 王明华, 蔡红兰, 乔青安, 任淑华, 朱冬冬, 薛众鑫 2018 (2):  61-66.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.001 摘要 ( 261 )   PDF(2322KB) ( 311 )   采用浊度法绘制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/环己烷/硝酸锌或草酸铵水溶液体系的拟三元相图,确定微乳液稳定区域最大时CTAB与正丁醇的质量比为1∶1。在此条件下,选择m(CTAB+正丁醇)∶m(环己烷)=3∶7,以硝酸锌和草酸铵为原料,采用微乳法制备ZnO的前驱体二水合草酸锌,然后通过煅烧得到ZnO样品。考察水与CTAB的摩尔比(R)和反应物浓度对ZnO材料结构、形貌、光学性质和光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明:ZnO样品为纯的六方纤锌矿结构晶体,形貌均为棒状,且样品的尺寸随R值和反应物浓度的不同而不同。在300 W汞灯紫外光照射下,ZnO样品对亚甲基蓝溶液均具有较好的光催化性能,光催化反应过程符合准一级反应动力学。其中,在反应物浓度为0.15 mol/L,R=15条件下制备的ZnO样品在光照90 min时可使亚甲基蓝的降解率达到97.0%,且降解反应速率常数k最大,其光催化性能最好。 Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of microemulsion system of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/n-butanol/cyclohexane/zinc nitrate or ammonium oxalate solution were drawn by turbidimetry,and the best mass ratio of CTAB to n-butanol was 1∶1 in the maximum stable region of microemulsion.Under this condition,when m(CTAB+n-butanol)∶m(cyclohexane) was 3∶7,zinc oxalate dihydrate,which was the precursor of ZnO,was prepared by a microemulsion method using zinc nitrate and ammonium oxalate as raw materials.ZnO materials were prepared by calcining zinc oxalate dihydrate.The effects of R (the molar ratio of water to CTAB) and reactant concentration on the structure,morphology,optical property and photocatalytic property of ZnO materials were studied.Results show that the morphologies of ZnO power are rodlike and they exhibit hexagonal wurtzite structure.The sizes of samples are affected by R and reactant concentration.All the samples have good photocatalytic effect on the catalytic degradation of methylene blue solution under the irradiation of 300 W Hg lamp,and the photocatalytic degradation process follows quasi-first-order kinetics.Among which the degradation rate of methylene blue solution achieves 97.0% for 90 min illumination and the corresponding reaction rate constant k is the largest,and with best photocatalytic property,when the reactant concentration is 0.15 mol/L,R=15. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

Select

化妆品功效评价(Ⅱ)——保湿功效宣称的科学支持 Efficacy evaluation of cosmetics (Ⅱ) Scientific support for moisturizing cosmetic efficacy claims 王春晓, 赵华 2018 (2):  67-72.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.002 摘要 ( 1025 )   PDF(773KB) ( 1110 )   概述了皮肤的保湿机制与常见保湿剂的作用机理,介绍了物理化学法、细胞生物法、三维重组皮肤模型替代法、主观评估、客观仪器评估等保湿化妆品功效评价方法,提供了保湿功效评价的新思路,展望了保湿化妆品功效评价的发展方向。 The skin’s moisturizing mechanism and the mechanism of common moisturizer were summarized.Various efficacy evaluation methods for moisturizing cosmetics were introduced such as physicochemical measurement,cell biological method,three-dimensional recombinant skin model alternative method,subjective evaluation and objective instrumental evaluation.The new idea of moisturizing cosmetics efficacy evaluation was proposed and the development direction of the efficacy evaluation of moisturizing cosmetics was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

Select

阳-阴离子表面活性剂复配对褐煤疏水改性效果的研究 Effect on hydrophobicity modification of lignite with the blending of cationic-anionic surfactant 耿文琳, 刘生玉 2018 (2):  73-77.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.003 摘要 ( 241 )   PDF(763KB) ( 369 )   对不同配比下阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)复配溶液的性质进行了测量与计算,并测定了褐煤吸附复配表面活性剂后的润湿热值、水分复吸率值、红外光谱和Zeta电位值。结果表明:复配表面活性剂在降低表面张力的效能和效率方面均表现出协同作用,且通过润湿热值和水分复吸率值可以看出,对比单一表面活性剂,褐煤吸附复配表面活性剂后润湿热值与水分复吸率值都有明显的降低;通过红外光谱和Zeta电位值证明了复配表面活性剂对褐煤的作用效果和方式。表面活性剂复配体系相比相应的单一表面活性剂对于褐煤的疏水改性效果表现出明显的协同作用。 Properties of the blended solution of cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) under different molar ratio were estimated,and the wetting calorific value,the moisture re-absorption rate,the infrared spectroscopy and the Zeta potential value were determined after the mentioned blended surfactants were absorbed by lignite.Results show that the synergistic effect of the blended surfactants on reducing the effectiveness and efficiency of surface tension has been performed;and compared with separated surfactant,the wetting calorific value and the moisture re-absorption rate are reduced obviously,while the effect and method of blended surfactants on lignite are also certified via infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential value.These indicate that the blended surfactants have an obvious synergistic effect on the hydrophobic modification of lignite compared with the corresponding single surfactant. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物及其配方体系的性能研究 Performance of fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates and its formulation system 张瑞林, 孙永强, 冯书博 2018 (2):  78-81.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.004 摘要 ( 439 )   PDF(1107KB) ( 375 )   对脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物FMEE-24-9的基础性能(泡沫性能、乳化性能、润湿性能、去污力和水溶性)进行了测试,并与AEO-9进行了比较;对FMEE-24-9在浓缩洗衣液配方体系中替代AEO-9做了初步研究,考察了在浓缩洗衣液配方体系中FMEE-24-9替代AEO-9对洗衣液泡沫性能、稳定性和去污力的影响。结果表明,FMEE-24-9水溶液在质量分数为50%左右时黏度最大,且未出现凝胶,与AEO-9相比,FMEE-24-9的泡沫低、润湿性和水溶性好,而且去污力与AEO-9相当;在浓缩洗衣液配方体系中用FMEE-24-9替代AEO-9,泡沫性能和稳定性变化不大,去污力有所改善。 The basic properties (foaming performance,emulsification performance,wetting ability,detergency and water solubility) of fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates FMEE-24-9 were tested and formed a contrast with AEO-9.A preliminary study was conducted on the replacement of AEO-9 by FMEE-24-9 in concentrated laundry detergent.The effect of FMEE-24-9 in place of AEO-9 on detergent foaming performance,stability and detergency in a concentrated laundry detergent formula system was examined.Results show that the FMEE-24-9 aqueous solution at the mass fraction of about 50%,the viscosity of which is at its maximum value,and no gel is found.Compared with AEO-9,FMEE-24-9 has a lower foaming performance,better wetting ability and water solubility while equivalent detergency.The use of FMEE-24-9 instead of AEO-9 in a concentrated laundry detergent formula system shows a minor change in foaming performance and stability,and the detergency has been slightly improved. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

玉米麸质阿拉伯木聚糖对香豆酸酯的制备及性能研究 Preparation and property of corn gluten arabinoxylan p-coumarate 李颜利, 骆正哲, 何彤, 杨成 2018 (2):  82-87.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.005 摘要 ( 320 )   PDF(886KB) ( 293 )   通过对水溶性玉米麸质阿拉伯木聚糖(CAX)进行改性,使CAX具有抗氧化性。将CAX溶解到DMA/LiCl体系中,以三乙胺为缚酸剂,与对香豆酸酰氯进行酯化反应得到阿拉伯木聚糖对香豆酸酯(p-CA-CAX)。用红外、核磁对其结构进行了鉴定,表明对香豆酸(p-CA)以酯键的形式连接在CAX上。用高效液相色谱确定了p-CA的取代度,p-CA与CAX的糖苷键的摩尔比分别为1∶5,1∶4,1∶3,1∶2和1∶1时,取代度分别为0.38,0.51,0.63,0.83和0.94。用凝胶渗透色谱确定了不同取代度的p-CA-CAX的分子量,p-CA-CAX-0.38,p-CA-CAX-0.51和p-CA-CAX-0.63的分子量分别为3.52×105,3.85×105和3.93×105。脂质过氧化物的检测和抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)的测定表明,p-CA-CAX具有较好的抗氧化性,而且p-CA含量越高,p-CA-CAX的抗氧化性越好。 By modifying water-soluble corn gluten arabinoxylan (CAX) to make CAX antioxidant.CAX was dissolved in DMA/LiCl system,took triethylamine as an acid binding agent,esterification with coumaryl chloride of this solution was realized,and arabinoxylan p-coumarate (p-CA-CAX) was obtained.The structure was analyzed by IR and NMR.Results show that p-coumaric acid (p-CA) is connected to CAX in the form of ester bond.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to confirm the degree of substitution (DS) of p-CA.When the molar ratio of p-CA and glucoside bonds of CAX is 1∶5,1∶4,1∶3,1∶2 and 1∶1,respectively,the DS is 0.38,0.51,0.63 0.83 and 0.94,correspondingly.The molecular weights of p-CA-CAX of different DS were determined by gel permeation chromatography.The molecular weights of p-CA-CAX-0.38,p-CA-CAX-0.51 and p-CA-CAX-0.63 are 3.52×105,3.85×105 and 3.93×105,respectively.Determination of lipid peroxides and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) shows that p-CA-CAX has good antioxidant activity and the higher the content of p-CA,the better the antioxidant activity of p-CA-CAX. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

马齿苋的多功效研究及安全性评价 Study on functions of purslane and evaluation of its safety 刘晓敏, 龙春霞 2018 (2):  88-93.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.006 摘要 ( 469 )   PDF(845KB) ( 452 )   以马齿苋作为研究对象,通过多种方法对其抑菌、美白、抗衰老、抗炎、抗敏等功效进行研究并对其安全性进行评价。结果显示,当马齿苋提取液质量浓度为125 g/L时,对5种常见菌均有抑制效果;质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为82.49%,对DPPH自由基的清除率达100%,对羟自由基的清除率为92.56%,均高于同质量浓度的VC;质量浓度为150 g/L时,对小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制率为55.74%;质量浓度为1.5 g/L时,对透明质酸酶的体外抑制率为72.37%;质量浓度为200 g/L时,RBC溶血率为45.78%,半数溶血量为230 g/L;质量浓度不超过150 g/L的家兔急性眼刺激和人体安全性评价等级为安全无刺激。马齿苋具有较好的抑菌、美白、抗衰老、抗炎、抗敏功效,是一种安全无刺激的化妆品原料。 Taking purslane as the research object,the study on its functions such as bacteriostatic,whitening,anti-aging,anti-inflammation and anti-allergy,and evaluation of its safety were carried out through a variety of methods.Results show that when the mass concentration of purslane extract is 125 g/L,it can inhibit five kinds of common bacteria.When the mass concentration is 2.0 g/L,the inhibition rate of tyrosinase is 82.49%,the scavenging rate of DPPH radical is 100%,and the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radical is 92.56%,all higher than the same mass concentration of vitamin C.When the mass concentration is 150 g/L,the mice auricle swelling inhibition rate is 55.74%.When the mass concentration is 1.5 g/L,the inhibition rate of hyaluronidase in vitro is 72.37%.When the mass concentration is 200 g/L,the RBC hemolytic ratio is 45.78%,and the half hemolytic dose is 230 g/L.Results of acute eye irritation test of rabbits and human safety rating are safe and non-irritating,when the mass concentration is not exceeded 150 g/L.Purslane has good bacteriostatic,whitening,anti-aging,anti-inflammatory,and anti-allergic functions,is a safe and non-irritating cosmetics raw materials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

人参发酵液的活性物质分析及其功效研究 Analysis of active substances in ginseng fermentation broth and study on its efficacy 虞旦, 王昌涛, 赵丹, 张佳婵, 苏宁, 李萌 2018 (2):  94-98.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.007 摘要 ( 519 )   PDF(802KB) ( 441 )   为开发人参发酵液在化妆品领域的应用,使用食用级黄酒酵母发酵人参并测定发酵液中多糖、蛋白质和人参皂苷的含量。通过DPPH自由基清除实验和羟自由基清除实验测定其抗氧化能力,并将其作用于成纤维细胞,采用MTT细胞毒性试验评估其对成纤维细胞的增殖作用。用荧光定量PCR检测12种炎症相关的基因在人参发酵液作用的永生化表皮细胞中的表达量,评估人参发酵液的抗炎症效果。结果表明,人参发酵液富含多糖,质量浓度为6.982 g/L,蛋白质和人参皂苷的质量浓度分别为1.039和0.045 g/L。体积分数为10.49%的人参发酵液可清除50%的DPPH自由基,19.62%的人参发酵液可清除50%的羟自由基;体积分数为0.01%的人参发酵液培养的成纤维细胞存活率甚至超过100%,可有效促进细胞增殖;人参发酵液能引发炎症反应,并在短时间内激活并募集白细胞到炎症部位发挥免疫功能。 In order to develop the application of ginseng fermentation broth in the field of cosmetics,ginseng was fermented using food-grade yeast usually used for preparation of Chinese rice wine.The fermentation broth was analyzed to determine the polysaccharides,proteins and ginsenosides in the broth.The antioxidant activity of the broth was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging experiment and hydroxyl free radical scavenging experiment,and let it act on the fibroblasts.MTT cytotoxicity test was used to evaluate the proliferation of fibroblasts.The expression level of 12 inflammation-related genes in immortalized epidermal cells treated with ginseng fermentation broth was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the ginseng fermentation broth.Results show that the ginseng fermentation broth is rich in polysaccharides.Ginseng fermentation broth with the mass concentration of 6.982 g/L,the protein and ginsenoside mass concentrations are 1.039 and 0.045 g/L,respectively.The volume fraction of 10.49% ginseng fermentation broth can clear 50% DPPH free radicals,and 19.62% fermentation broth can remove 50% hydroxyl free radicals.Fibroblast that is cultivated by 0.01% (volume fraction) ginseng fermentation broth,the survival rate of them are even more than 100%,which will effectively promote cell proliferation.Ginseng fermentation broth can trigger inflammatory reactions,and in a short time activate and raise white blood cells to the site of inflammation to play an immune function. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

蛇皮胶原蛋白的提取工艺及优化 Snake skin collagen extraction process and its optimization 丁瑞敏, 周华锋, 李赟高, 蔡衡, 段明星, 靳清贤 2018 (2):  99-102.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.008 摘要 ( 326 )   PDF(744KB) ( 378 )   以蛇皮为原料,以胶原蛋白提取率为指标,采用高温酸法提取胶原蛋白。研究了有机酸种类及柠檬酸浓度、提取温度、浸提时间和固液比5个因素对蛇皮胶原蛋白提取率的影响。以单因素试验为基础,通过正交试验优化了蛇皮胶原蛋白的提取工艺。确定酸法提取蛇皮中胶原蛋白的较佳工艺为:以1 mol/L的柠檬酸作为浸提剂,采用1∶60 (g∶mL)的固液比,在110 ℃下提取3 h,此时提取率较高,为87.01%。 Taking snake skin as raw material,and the extraction rate of collagen as the index,the high temperature acid method was used to extract collagen.The influences of the organic acid types and the concentration of citric acid,extraction temperature,extraction time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the extraction rate of collagen were studied.Based on single factor experiment,the extraction process of collagen of snake skin was optimized by orthogonal test.The optimized extraction process was obtained by acid extraction method which is found at the conditions of 1 mol/L initial concentration of citric acid as extraction agent with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶60 (g∶mL),at a temperature of 110 ℃ of 3 h,the extraction rate is 87.01%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

云南白药发酵液的抗衰老及美白功效探究 Investigation on the anti-aging and whitening effect of fermented broth of Yunnan Baiyao 安全, 王亚琳, 李魁, 杨帆, 刘继涛, 王昌涛 2018 (2):  103-108.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.009 摘要 ( 689 )   PDF(862KB) ( 296 )   采用黄酒酵母对云南白药进行发酵,获得云南白药发酵液并进行了成分分析。从生化水平以及细胞水平对其抗衰老和美白功效进行评价,并对其皮肤安全性进行确认。结果表明,云南白药发酵液中多酚和多糖含量高于水提液,具有较强的清除自由基功效,同时能够促进成纤维细胞增殖以及胶原蛋白-Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ)合成、降低基质金属蛋白酶-Ⅰ (MMP-Ⅰ)的表达。此外,该发酵液能够抑制B16细胞生长并降低体外以及B16细胞内的酪氨酸酶活性,同时在减少黑色素合成上有一定的功效。斑贴试验显示该发酵液未引起皮肤不良反应。上述结果说明云南白药发酵液具有皮肤安全性,并具有一定的抗衰老和美白功效。 The Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY) were fermented with rice wine yeast to acquire fermented broth.The main contents of the broth were analyzed.The anti-aging and whitening effect were analyzed on biomedical level and cell level.The skin safety was confirmed.Results show that fermented broth of YNBY contains more polyphenols and polysaccharides than water extract of YNBY.The fermented broth has better scavenging effect on free radicals.YNBY fermented broth can promote proliferation of human fibroblast and synthesis of collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and lower the matrix metalloproteinase-Ⅰ (MMP-Ⅰ) expression.Besides,the fermented broth can inhibit the growth of B16 cells and reduce the activity of tyrosinase in vitro and in B16 cells.Moreover,it has a certain effect on reducing the synthesis of melanin.Human patch test shows that the YNBY fermented broth has no adverse reaction to the human skin.These results show that the YNBY fermented broth is safe to human skin,and has a certain anti-aging and whitening effect. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

利用离体牛角膜多次暴露方法评测化妆品套装的眼刺激性 Assessment of cosmetic kits on eye irritation by using multi-exposure method of in vitro bovine cornea 黄健聪, 陈志杰, 陈义珠, 秦瑶 2018 (2):  109-112.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.010 摘要 ( 302 )   PDF(1118KB) ( 367 )   采用标准和改良的牛角膜浑浊度和渗透性(BCOP)试验对市售5种化妆品洗护套装进行评测,并比较不同方案下渗透性和浑浊度2个参数的变化,初步建立多次眼暴露的离体牛角膜试验体外评价方法。结果表明,采用标准方法套装内单个产品均显示无眼刺激性,而多次暴露后,发现角膜浑浊度和渗透性均出现了不同程度的变化,可能产生眼刺激性。改良后的BCOP测试方法可用于多次暴露的眼刺激性评价,为产品安全性的提升提供了参考。 Five commercially available cosmetic kits were evaluated by using the standard and modified bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test,and the changes of opacity and permeability were compared in different test alternatives,developed a preliminary evaluation method of in vitro bovine corneal multi-exposure.Results show that according to the standard test method,each of five kits tested is non-irritation.On the other hand,the five kits,by the modified test,may cause eye irritation resulted from the various changes of opacity and permeability of the corneas.In conclusion,the modified BCOP test is demonstrated to be an appropriate method for multi-exposure eye irritation assessment of cosmetic kits,which can provide reference for improving product safety. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

Select

根皮素在化妆品中的应用 Applications of phloretin in cosmetics 崔树梅, 曹孟岑, 杨雪晨, 李梦杰, 何聪芬, 宋丽雅 2018 (2):  113-118.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.011 摘要 ( 935 )   PDF(819KB) ( 827 )   综述了根皮素的植物来源、制备方法、在化妆品中的作用以及应用现状。根皮素具有抗氧化、抗炎、防晒、促透皮吸收、美白、保湿、抑菌及防脱发作用,可用于开发功效型化妆品。 The phloretin’s plants origin,preparation process,functions and application status in cosmetics were reviewed.Phloretin has lots of functions such as antioxidation,anti-inflammation,sunscreen,transdermal absorption promotion,skin whitening,moisturizing,antibacterial activity and anti alopecia.The phloretin has a promising prospect to be used in developing functional cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

Select

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中对羟基苯乙酮的含量 Determination of 4-hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography 毛善巧, 李西俊, 周立武 2018 (2):  119-122.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.02.012 摘要 ( 839 )   PDF(752KB) ( 554 )   建立了高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中对羟基苯乙酮含量的方法。采用ZORBAX系列SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为水-甲醇-乙酸乙酸钠缓冲液,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温25 ℃,检测波长275 nm,进样量10 μL。对羟基苯乙酮在0.01~0.20 g/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 4 (n=5),方法检出限为3.37 μg/g。该法对爽肤水、洁面乳和保湿霜中对羟基苯乙酮测定的加标回收率分别为100.89%,100.29%和100.02%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.44%,0.56%和1.06%。 High performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of 4-hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetics.Method:ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was water,methanol and sodium acetate buffer solution,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 25 ℃,the detection wavelength was 275 nm and the injection volume was 10 μL.4-Hydroxyacetophenone has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.01-0.20 g/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 4 (n=5).The limit of detection is 3.37 μg/g.The recovery rates of 4-hydroxyacetophenone in toner,cleanser and moisturizing cream are 100.89%,100.29% and 100.02%,and the relative standard deviations (RSD) are 1.44%,0.56% and 1.06%,respectively. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标