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2018年, 第48卷, 第1期　刊出日期：2018-01-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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钙离子与碱性蛋白酶的相互作用及机理研究 Interaction between calcium ions and alkaline protease and study of its mechanism 李静, 张剑, 赵永祥 2018 (1):  1-7.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.001 摘要 ( 429 )   PDF(1071KB) ( 454 )   研究了Ca2+与碱性蛋白酶的相互作用,并通过动态光散射(DLS)实验和荧光光谱法探讨其作用机理。实验结果表明,Ca2+对碱性蛋白酶的活性具有一定的激活作用,其中CaCl2较Ca(HCO2)2对碱性蛋白酶酶活的激活作用更加显著。动态光散射实验表明,Ca2+与碱性蛋白酶主要通过静电作用力结合,Ca2+的加入使得碱性蛋白酶分子的平均粒径减小,疏水结构逐渐向酶分子内部转移,有利于碱性蛋白酶活性的提高。利用荧光光谱研究Ca2+与碱性蛋白酶的结合作用,结果表明Ca2+对碱性蛋白酶的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭,Ca2+与碱性蛋白酶形成稳定的复合物,且结合能力很强,结合过程能够自发进行。 The interaction of calcium ions and alkaline protease was studied.The mechanism of action was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy.Results show that calcium ions have a certain activation effect on the activity of alkaline protease,in which calcium chloride activates the activity of alkaline protease more significantly than calcium formate.DLS experiments show that calcium ion and alkaline protease are mainly combined by electrostatic force.With the addition of calcium ions,the average particle size of the alkaline protease molecules decreased,and the hydrophobic structure gradually shift to the interior of the enzyme molecule,which is beneficial to the improvement of alkaline protease activity.The binding of calcium ions to alkaline protease was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy.Results show that the quenching mechanism of calcium ions to alkaline protease is a static quenching.Calcium ions form a stable complex with alkaline protease.The binding ability is strong,and the process can be spontaneous. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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化妆品功效评价(Ⅰ)——化妆品功效宣称的科学支持 Efficacy evaluation of cosmetics (Ⅰ) Scientific support for cosmetic efficacy claims 尹月煊, 赵华 2018 (1):  8-13.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.002 摘要 ( 725 )   PDF(763KB) ( 733 )   化妆品功效评价是通过生物化学、细胞生物学、临床评价等方法对化妆品功效进行测试、分析和解释。解读了欧盟、中国关于化妆品功效宣称的法规,从体外实验、在体实验和感官评价实验三个方面介绍了化妆品功效的评价方法,强调了化妆品功效评价的重要性与科学性,并展望了未来的发展趋势,提出了建立化妆品功效评价综合体系的新思路。 The efficacy evaluation of cosmetics is to test,analyze and explain the efficacy of cosmetics through a variety of methods,such as biochemistry,cell biology,clinical evaluation and so on.It interprets the European Union and China's regulations on cosmetic efficacy claims,introduces the evaluation methods of cosmetic efficacy from three aspects:in vitro experiment,in vivo experiment and sensory evaluation experiment,emphasizes the importance and scientific nature of cosmetic efficacy evaluation,prospects the development trend in the future,and puts forward a new idea to establish a comprehensive system of cosmetic efficacy evaluation. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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SB-16/SDS复配微乳液驱油体系性能研究 Performance of SB-16/SDS blend surfactant microemulsion flooding system 殷代印, 仲玉仓 2018 (1):  14-17.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.003 摘要 ( 334 )   PDF(774KB) ( 274 )   为提高低渗透油藏采收率,研究了十六烷基磺基甜菜碱(SB-16)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)按不同质量比复配所得表面活性剂体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和相应的表面张力(γcmc),得到该复配体系的最佳复配质量比为7∶3,此时cmc=0.025 g/L,γcmc=26.7 mN/m,进而以该复配体系为表面活性剂,研究不同质量分数、不同链长的醇类为助表面活性剂时对体系界面张力与乳化率的影响,最终确定质量分数为4%的复配体系+2%的异丁醇为最佳配方,在该条件下可以使油/水界面张力降至超低界面张力数量级(10-3 mN/m)。实验结果表明,在低渗透岩心中,复配微乳液驱油体系较水驱可以提高采收率10个百分点,效果较好。 In order to improve the recovery of low permeability crude oil reservoir,a series of tests and research work with respect to the use of blend surfactant composed of cetylsulfobetain (SB-16) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were conducted.Results show that the suitable mass ratio of SB-16 and SDS is 7∶3 while the critical micelle concentration (cmc) is 0.025 g/L and the surface tension (γcmc) is 26.7 mN/m.Based upon such results,the effects of mass fraction of alcohols of different carbon chain length on the interfacial tension and emulsifying performance were studied.The study recommends that 4% mass fraction of the above-mentioned blend surfactant system+2% iso-butanol is the best formulation.Under these conditions,the interfacial tension of the oil and water can be reduced to the order of ultra-low interfacial tension (10-3 mN/m).Experiments show that in the low permeability core,this microemulsion flooding system can improve crude oil recovery than the water flooding 10 percentage points.Obviously,the effect is better. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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长链烷基改性有机硅聚醚共聚物的合成和应用性能研究 Synthesis and application performance of long chain alkyl modified organosilicon polyether copolymer 秦文, 吴伟, 何海 2018 (1):  18-22.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.004 摘要 ( 407 )   PDF(794KB) ( 293 )   采用侧链含氢硅油、1-癸烯和烯丙基聚醚为主要原料通过硅氢加成反应,制备了一种长链烷基改性有机硅聚醚共聚物(PMGC)。利用IR和1H NMR对产物的结构进行表征,并研究了含氢硅油的含氢量、黏度及1-癸烯与烯丙基聚醚的摩尔比对产品乳化能力、油脂兼容性及配方肤感的影响。研究表明,当含氢硅油的含氢量为0.4%,黏度为100 mPa·s,n(1-癸烯)∶n(烯丙基聚醚)=3∶1时,其乳化能力和油脂兼容性较佳,将其应用于BB霜配方中,滑感和滋润感较优。 A long chain alkyl modified organosilicon polyether copolymer (PMGC) was prepared from side chain hydrogen containing silicone oil,1-decene and allyl polyether as main raw material by siloxane addition reaction.The structure of the product was characterized by IR and 1H NMR.The effects of hydrogen content and viscosity of the hydrogen containing silicone oil as well as 1-decene and allyl polyether molar ratio on the emulsifying ability,oil compatibility and formula skin feeling of the product were studied.Research shows that when the hydrogen containing silicone oil contains 0.4% hydrogen,the viscosity is 100 mPa·s,and n(1-decene)∶n(allyl polyether)=3∶1,the emulsifying ability and the compatibility with oil are both best.If it is applied in the BB cream formula,that cream will have optimal moisture and smooth sense. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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十二烷基磷酸单酯抗静电性能研究 Study on antistatic properties of dodecyl phosphate monoester 师亚宁, 赵永红, 张广良, 董庆斌 2018 (1):  23-26.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.005 摘要 ( 295 )   PDF(725KB) ( 295 )   按照GB/T 16801-1997中的方法对十二烷基磷酸单酯的抗静电性能进行研究,考察了十二烷基磷酸单酯钾盐、钠盐、三乙醇胺盐以及未中和的磷酸单酯对聚酯布的抗静电性能,结果表明:钾盐和未中和的磷酸单酯对聚酯布的抗静电效果较好。在确定了使用钾盐和未中和的磷酸单酯作为抗静电剂的条件下,考察了它们的质量浓度对聚酯布抗静电性能的影响,结果表明:当单酯钾盐的质量浓度为4 g/L,单酯为6 g/L时,对聚酯布的抗静电性能较好。在单酯钾盐的质量浓度为4 g/L,单酯为6 g/L时,考察了它们对聚酯布、棉布和腈纶布的抗静电效果,结果表明:它们对腈纶布的抗静电效果都好于其他2种布。在考察了十二烷基磷酸单酯的抗静电性能后,对其抗静电机理进行了探讨。 The antistatic properties of dodecyl phosphate monoester were studied,and also effect of dodecyl phosphate monoester potassium salt,sodium salt,triethanolamine salt and unneutralized phosphate monoester on the antistatic properties of polyester cloth,which was soaked with one of the above-mentioned compounds,were investigated according to the method described in GB/T 16801-1997.Results show that the effect of antistatic properties of dodecyl phosphate monoester and dodecyl phosphate monoester potassium salt on polyester cloth are better than the others.Then the effects of the mass concentrations of dodecyl phosphate monoester and dodecyl phosphate monoester potassium salt were researched,and results indicate that the antistatic property of the polyester cloth is better when the mass concentration of the dodecyl phosphate monoester potassium salt is 4 g/L and the mass concentration of dodecyl phosphate monoester is 6 g/L.Finally,the antistatic performances of the dodecyl phosphate monoester (6 g/L) and dodecyl phosphate monoester potassium salt (4 g/L) on polyester cloth,cotton cloth and acrylic cloth were investigated.Results show that effect of the antistatic performance of acrylic cloth is better than the other two kinds of cloth.After investigating the antistatic property of dodecyl phosphate monoester,the antistatic mechanism was discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种新型保坍型聚羧酸减水剂的合成及其应用性能研究 Synthesis and application of a new slump retarding polycarboxylate superplasticizer 郭国龙, 裴继凯, 王自为, 任建国, 武恩瑞 2018 (1):  27-30.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.006 摘要 ( 395 )   PDF(835KB) ( 323 )   以甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(TPEG)、丙烯酸(AA)和聚甘油丙烯酸酯(PA)为共聚单体,在维生素C(VC)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和链转移剂巯基乙酸(TGA)作用下,合成了新型保坍型聚羧酸减水剂HS-JG,利用凝胶色谱和红外光谱对产物的结构进行表征,并对其应用性能进行研究。结果表明,在n(AA)∶n(PA)∶n(TPEG)=2∶0.15∶1,VC、H2O2和TGA用量分别为TPEG质量的0.5%,1.4%和0.5%,反应温度50 ℃,反应时间3 h的条件下合成的HS-JG对水泥有较好的适应性,对水泥净浆以及混凝土坍落度有较好的保持能力。 Taking polyoxyethylene allyl methyl ether (TPEG),acrylic acid (AA) and polyglycerol acrylate (PA) as comonomer,under the action of vitamin C (VC),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chain transfer agent thioglycolic acid (TGA),a new slump retarding superplasticizer HS-JG was synthesized.The structure of the product was characterized by using gel chromatography and infrared spectrum,and the study on its application performance was carried out.Results show that when n(AA)∶n(PA)∶n(TPEG)=2∶0.15∶1, the content of VC,H2O2 and TGA is 0.5%,1.4% and 0.5% of the mass of TPEG respectively,the reaction temperature is 50 ℃,and the reaction time is 3 h,the synthesized product HS-JG has good adaptability to cement.The slump retarding property is better in ability to maintain for cement paste and concrete. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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羊栖菜多糖提取物及其润肤霜的保湿和抗氧化活性 Moisturizing and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide extract from Sargassum fusiforme and its application in moisturizing cream 陈琳琳, 谢志新, 程晶, 张文州, 黄晓冬 2018 (1):  31-36.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.007 摘要 ( 389 )   PDF(815KB) ( 351 )   采用超声细胞破碎辅助水提-醇沉法提取羊栖菜多糖(FSF),测定其抗氧化活性和保湿性能,并用其制备润肤霜,体外评价该润肤霜的保湿性能,使用皮肤外涂实验考察该润肤霜对小鼠皮肤抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:羊栖菜多糖提取物(EFSF)具有较强的自由基清除能力,保湿性能优于甘油;该润肤霜同样具有较好的保湿性能,在干燥环境下198 h的失水率为4.33%,在相对湿度43%环境下198 h的失水率为2.36%;皮肤外涂实验表明,与阴性对照组(仅含基质的润肤霜)、阳性对照组(0.3%熊果苷润肤霜)相比,该润肤霜均可显著增强小鼠皮肤的羟自由基清除能力(403.65 U/mgprot)、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(810.52 U/gprot)、总抗氧化能力(11.58 U/mgprot)和T-SOD活性(81.11 U/mgprot),显著提高羟脯氨酸含量(43.49 mg/L)以及降低MDA含量(2.12 nmol/mgprot)。 The sargassum polysaccharides (FSF) was extracted from Sargassum fusiforme by using ultrasonic cell disintegration-assisted water extraction and alcohol precipitation.Determination of antioxidant activity and moisturizing activity of the extract of FSF (EFSF) was carried out.This EFSF was used to prepare moisturizing cream,and its moisturizing activity was evaluated in vitro.The effect of the moisturizing cream on the antioxidant activity of the skin of the mouse was investigated by using the skin coating test.Results show that EFSF has strong free radical scavenging ability and better moisturizing activity than glycerol.The cream with EFSF also has high moisturizing activity:the water loss rate of 198 h in a dry environment is 4.33%,the water loss rate of 198 h under the relative humidity of 43% is 2.36%.Skin coating experiments show that compared with the negative control group (cream contained only substrate) and with the positive control group (0.3% arbutin moisturizing cream),this moisturizing cream with EFSF can significantly enhance the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (403.65 U/mgprot),superoxide anion radical scavenging ability (810.52 U/gprot),total antioxidant capacity (11.58 U/mgprot),and T-SOD activity (81.11 U/mgprot) in mouse skin,markedly 　increase hydroxyproline content (43.49 mg/L) and reduce MDA content (2.12 nmol/mgprot). 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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马齿苋中抑制马拉色菌活性成分的提取工艺研究 Extraction of active ingredients that inhibit Malassezia from Portulaca oleracea L. 马啸宇, 刘学, 杨成 2018 (1):  37-41.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.008 摘要 ( 625 )   PDF(767KB) ( 353 )   采用超声波辅助提取法提取马齿苋中抑制糠秕马拉色菌的活性成分,通过纸片法测定其抑菌效果,并以抑菌效果为指标,采用单因素试验确定较佳提取工艺。结果表明,当提取温度为60 ℃,提取时间为50 min,料液比为1∶25 (g∶mL),超声功率为210 W时,所得提取物的抑菌效果较佳,抑菌圈直径为(46.68±1.21) mm。通过理化反应对马齿苋提取物中的成分进行初步检识,结果表明马齿苋提取物中存在生物碱类、皂苷类、蛋白质多肽或氨基酸和糖类,可能含有鞣质及酚类、黄酮类和三萜类,不存在有机酸类。 The active ingredients of anti-Malassezia furfur were extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction process from Portulaca oleracea L..The bacteriostatic effect was determined by the paper method,and the single factor test was used to explore the better extraction process by using the bacteriostatic effect as the index.Results show that when extraction temperature is 60 ℃,extraction time is 50 min,ratio of material to liquid is 1∶25 (g∶mL),and the ultrasonic power is 210 W,the extract has better bacteriostatic effect and the diameter of inhibition zone is (46.68±1.21) mm.Through physical and chemical reaction,the ingredients of purslane extract were preliminarily detected.Results show that there are alkaloids,saponins,proteins,peptides or amino acids and sugars in the purslane extract,and it may also contain tannins and phenols,flavonoids and triterpenes,while there are no organic acids. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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肉桂提取液的抗菌效果研究及肉桂洗洁精开发 Study on the antibacterial effect of the extract of cinnamon and the development of cinnamon cleanser essence 余拓, 叶蔚娴, 王娟 2018 (1):  42-46.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.009 摘要 ( 412 )   PDF(926KB) ( 398 )   以肉桂为原料,通过水蒸气蒸馏法制备肉桂提取液,研究其抗菌效果,并开发肉桂洗洁精。通过抗菌试验测定肉桂提取液对大肠杆菌及空气中杂菌的抑制作用;以去污力和抗菌率为指标,优化肉桂洗洁精的配方。结果表明:肉桂醛质量分数为758和75.8 mg/kg的肉桂提取液的抗菌效果较好,对大肠杆菌、空气中杂菌均有良好的抑制效果。优化的洗洁精配方为:肉桂提取原液质量分数15%,表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的质量分数分别为6%,8%和9%。与市售的洗洁精相比,含15%肉桂提取原液的肉桂洗洁精抗菌效果较强。 Cinnamon extract was prepared by steam distillation from cinnamon,and its antibacterial effect was studied for developing the cleanser essence.The antibacterial effects of cinnamon extract on colibacillus and airborne bacteria were determined by bacteriostatic test,and the recipe of cleanser essence was optimized with detergency and antibacterial rate as indicators.Results show that cinnamaldehyde mass fraction of 758 and 75.8 mg/kg of cinnamon extract is significant,and they show certain antimicrobial activity on colibacillus and airborne bacteria.The optimized cleanser essence formulation is as follows:the mass fraction of cinnamon extract is 15%,the mass fraction of surfactants fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 6%,dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 8%,and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is 9%.Compared with the commercially available cleanser essence,the cleanser essence containing 15% cinnamon extract has stronger antibacterial effect. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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锌沸石在美容牙膏中的应用研究 Study on the application of zinc zeolite in cosmetic toothpaste 徐春生 2018 (1):  47-50.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.010 摘要 ( 384 )   PDF(761KB) ( 399 )   制备了锌沸石牙膏,牙膏小样试验表明,该牙膏质量符合国家标准要求,可以批量生产。牙膏抑菌试验表明,锌沸石质量分数为5%的牙膏样品对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率可以达到99.9%以上。牙膏去渍功效和减轻口臭功效的临床试验表明,锌沸石牙膏具有较明显的去渍作用和除口臭效果。 Zinc zeolite toothpaste was prepared.The experiment of toothpaste shows that the quality of zinc zeolite toothpaste complies with the requirements of the national standard and can be produced in batches.The bacteriostatic test of toothpaste shows that the bacteriostatic rate of the toothpaste sample with 5% zinc zeolite to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can reach more than 99.9%.The clinical trial of toothpaste removing stains efficacy and reducing halitosis efficacy shows that zinc zeolite toothpaste has obvious effect of removing stains and eliminating halitosis. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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化妆品中过敏性香料及检测技术研究进展 Research progress on allergic fragrances in cosmetics and on detection technology 王玉健, 庞道标, 符灵梅, 梁振纲, 董存柱 2018 (1):  51-56.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.011 摘要 ( 347 )   PDF(802KB) ( 406 )   介绍了化妆品中过敏性香料化合物的种类、相关法规。综述了国内外相关检测方法,包括气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法、液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法、多维气相色谱法、多维气相色谱-质谱联用法、气相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术等,并对各方法的适用范围、优缺点等进行了介绍。展望了二维色谱-质谱联用检测技术在此领域的应用前景。 Several species of allergic fragrances compounds in cosmetics and the relevant laws and regulations were described.The relevant test methods at home and abroad were reviewed,including gas chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,multidimensional gas chromatography,multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined techniques etc.The application scopes of the above-mentioned methods,and the advantages and disadvantages were explained.The application prospects of the combined analytic technique of two-dimensional chromatography-mass spectrometry in this field was prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中氨甲环酸的含量 Determination of the content of tranexamic acid in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography 唐毓萍, 唐欣, 孙培文, 林艺青, 李征 2018 (1):  57-60.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2018.01.012 摘要 ( 550 )   PDF(749KB) ( 496 )   建立了测定化妆品中氨甲环酸含量的高效液相色谱法。采用Zorbax SB C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)分离,以水-甲醇-18.3 g/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(含体积分数1.26%的三乙胺,pH=2.5)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温25 ℃,进样量10 μL,样品经体积比为1∶1的甲醇-饱和氯化钠溶液提取,用二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测,检测波长220 nm,外标法定量。结果表明,氨甲环酸在100~4 000 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2＝0.999 9。方法的检出限为7 mg/L,定量限为22 mg/L。样品的平均加标回收率为94.0%~102.5%,相对标准偏差为0.57%~2.69% (n=3)。该方法前处理简单、回收率高、精密度好,适用于化妆品中氨甲环酸含量的测定。 A high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the content of tranexamic acid in cosmetics.The Zorbax SB C18 chromatographic column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used for separation,and water-methanol-18.3 g/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing volume fraction 1.26% triethylamine and adjusted pH to 2.5 by phosphoric acid) was used as mobile phase for gradient elution,with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.Temperature of the column was 25 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL.Samples were extracted with methanol/saturated sodium chloride solution (volume ratio of 1∶1) and quantitated by diode array detector at 220 nm with external standard method.Results show that tranexamic acid has a good linear relationship in the range of 100-4 000 mg/L,and the correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.999 9.Limit of detection and quantitation of the method are 7 and 22 mg/L separately.The average spiked recoveries vary from 94.0% to 102.5%,and the relative standard deviations achieve 0.57%-2.69% (n=3).This method has the advantages of simple pretreatment,high recovery and good precision for the determination of the content of tranexamic acid in cosmetics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标