棉针织物季铵盐型阳离子抗静电剂的合成及性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.07.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以3-二甲氨基-1-丙胺、长链脂肪酸和1, 3-二溴-2, 2-二羟甲基丙烷为原料，通过两步反应合成了一种新型季铵盐型阳离子抗静电剂2C₁₈GeQS，并对其结构进行了核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）表征，证实了目标产物的成功制备。通过浸渍法将抗静电剂整理到棉针织物上，系统研究了抗静电剂质量浓度、浸渍时间和焙烘温度对棉针织物抗静电性能的影响。结果表明，当抗静电剂质量浓度为1.5 g/L、浸渍时间40 min、焙烘温度170 ℃时，整理后棉针织物的静电压半衰期从61.62 s显著降低至11.33 s，峰值静电压从1 516 V降至719 V，表现出优异的抗静电性能。此外，该抗静电剂还赋予棉针织物良好的抗菌性能，当季铵盐质量浓度为2.0 g/L时，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别达到99.98%和99.45%。耐洗性测试表明，经过50次标准水洗后，棉针织物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌仍保持81.32%和53.34%的抑菌率。

关键词: 季铵盐阳离子, 棉针织物, 抗静电剂, 抗静电性能, 抑菌性能

Abstract:

A new cationic antistatic agent of quaternary ammonium type, 2C₁₈GeQS, was synthesized by two-step reaction using 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine, long-chain fatty acids and 1, 3-dibromo-2, 2-dihydroxymethylpropane as raw materials. Its structure was characterized by ¹H NMR and FT-IR, which confirmed that the target product was successfully prepared. Then cotton knitted fabrics were treated with this antistatic agent by impregnation method. The effects of antistatic agent mass concentration, impregnation time and baking temperature on the antistatic performance of cotton knitted fabrics were systematically studied. The results showed that when the antistatic agent mass concentration was 1.5 g /L, the impregnation time was 40 min, and the baking temperature was 170 ℃, the static voltage half-life of the treated cotton knitted fabric significantly decreased from 61.62 s to 11.33 s, and the peak static voltage dropped from 1 516 V to 719 V, indicative of excellent antistatic performance. In addition, this antistatic agent also endowed cotton knitted fabrics with excellent antibacterial properties, with antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaching 99.98% and 99.45% respectively. The wash resistance test showed that after 50 standard water washes, the cotton knitted fabric still maintained antibacterial rates of 81.32% against Escherichia coli and 53.34% against Staphylococcus aureus.

Key words: quaternary ammonium cation, cotton knitted fabric, antistatic agent, antistatic performance, antibacterial property

中图分类号:

TQ423

陈海婷, 符美缘. 棉针织物季铵盐型阳离子抗静电剂的合成及性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(7): 873-881.

Haiting Chen, Meiyuan Fu. Synthesis and properties of a quaternary ammonium salt as cationic antistatic agent for cotton knitted fabrics[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(7): 873-881.

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