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日用化学工业（中英文）

日用化学工业（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 1310-1317.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.003

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

多聚季铵盐表面活性剂型清洁压裂液的制备与性能评价

曹晶1,柴佳杰2,王迪东1,梁喜梅3,韩薇薇2,董三宝2,*()   

  1. 1 延长油田股份有限公司 开发部， 陕西 延安 716000
    2 西安石油大学 化学化工学院， 陕西 西安 710065
    3 延长油田股份有限公司 生产运行部， 陕西 延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-09-07 出版日期:2026-10-22 发布日期:2026-10-30
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(52204046);西安市科技计划项目-高校院所人才服务企业项目(23GXFW0078);陕西省教育厅科学研究计划服务地方专项-产业化培育项目(24JC076);油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(YQZC202413)

Preparation of a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant and its potential for application in clean fracturing fluids

Jing Cao1,Jiajie Chai2,Didong Wang1,Ximei Liang3,Weiwei Han2,Sanbao Dong2,*()   

  1. 1 Development Department, Yanchang Oilfield Co., Ltd., Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
    2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
    3 Production and Operation Department, Yanchang Oilfield, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
  • Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-09-07 Online:2026-10-22 Published:2026-10-30
  • Contact: E-mail: dongsanbao@xsyu.edu.cn

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摘要：

多聚季铵盐表面活性剂具有较好的黏弹性、抗剪切等特性，是制备新型清洁压裂液的优良增稠剂。文章以3-甲氨基-1, 2-丙二醇、环氧氯丙烷和十八烷基二甲基叔胺为原料，制备了一种新型多季铵盐表面活性剂（CTAN），测定了其表面活性，研究了浓度、温度和反离子等因素对CTAN溶液黏度的影响规律，经优化得到了一种适用于清洁压裂液主剂的复配体系，该复配体系含有3%的CTAN和0.66%的NaSal。研究结果表明，CTAN在常温下临界胶束浓度（cmc）为0.5 mmol/L，对应的平衡表面张力（γcmc）为27.2 mN/m。CTAN溶液黏度随含量升高单调增加后平稳，当CTAN含量增加至6%时，黏度升高至4 740.1 mPa·s；3% CTAN溶液的黏度随温度的升高表现出先上升后下降的趋势，且在40 ℃时黏度达到极大值，为1 873.2 mPa·s，展现出良好的增黏性能。相比KCl，NaSal对3% CTAN溶液展现出了更显著的增黏效应，在40 ℃、剪切速率为20 s-1下，加量为0.66%的NaSal可将3% CTAN溶液黏度从1 873.2 mPa·s提升至5 827.3 mPa·s。此外，在NaSal加量为0.66%时，3% CTAN溶液也表现出良好的黏弹性、流变特性和悬砂性能，常温下支撑剂颗粒（砂液比1.5:8.5）在该CTAN/NaSal复配溶液体系中的沉降速率为0.015 cm/min。NaSal的加入促进了CTAN分子自组装结构形貌由球状向蠕虫状转变，扫描电镜观测的冻干液微观形貌特征与这一判断相符。

关键词: 多季铵盐表面活性剂, 黏弹性, 流变性, 悬砂性

Abstract:

Multi-quaternary ammonium surfactants exhibit favorable viscoelasticity and shear resistance, making them excellent thickeners for preparing clean fracturing fluids. In this work, a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant （CTAN） was synthesized by using 3-methylamino-1, 2- propanediol, epichlorohydrin and octadecyldimethylamine as raw materials. Its surface activity was measured, and the effects of concentration, temperature and counterions on the viscosity of CTAN solutions were investigated. After optimization, a mixed system suitable as the main agent for clean fracturing fluids was obtained, consisting of 3% CTAN and 0.66% sodium salicylate （NaSal）. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration of CTAN at room temperature was 0.5 mmol/L, with corresponding equilibrium surface tension of 27.2 mN/m. The viscosity of CTAN solutions increased monotonically with concentration before reaching a plateau. When the CTAN concentration reached 6%, the viscosity was raised to 4 740.1 mPa·s. As for the effect of temperature, the viscosity of the solution of 3% CTAN first increased and then decreased with the rising temperature, reaching a maximum of 1 873.2 mPa·s at 40 ℃, indicative of good thickening performance. Compared with KCl, NaSal exhibited a much more significant viscosity-enhancing effect on the 3% CTAN solution. At 40 ℃ and the shear rate of 20 s-1, the presence of 0.66% NaSal could increase the viscosity of the 3% CTAN solution from 1 873.2 mPa·s to 5 827.3 mPa·s. Furthermore, the 3% CTAN solution with 0.66% NaSal also showed favorable viscoelasticity, rheological properties, and sand-suspension performance. At room temperature, the settling rate of proppant particles （sand-fluid ratio of 1.5 : 8.5） in this CTAN/NaSal mixed system was 0.015 cm/min. The addition of NaSal had promoted the transformation of molecular self-assembled structures of CTAN from spherical to worm-like morphologies, which was consistent with the microscopic morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy on the freeze-dried solution.

Key words: multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant, viscoelasticity, rheology, sand suspension

中图分类号: 

  • TQ423