纤维型黏土在日化领域的应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纤维型黏土（包含海泡石与坡缕石/凹凸棒石）是一类晶体结构呈纤维状、含水富镁铝硅酸盐的天然一维黏土矿物,其特殊的微观形貌（棒状、纤维状或纤维集合体）和纳米级孔道赋予了这类黏土矿物优异的离子交换能力、吸附性能、流变调节性和载体功能。近年来,纤维型黏土在个人护理品、洗涤用品等日用消费品中的应用增长迅速。该文以纤维型黏土的流变调节、防晒修饰、抑菌消炎、吸附与控释四种应用特性为主线,综述了这类天然黏土矿物在日用化学工业领域的应用特性、相关机理及毒理学研究进展,分析了纤维型黏土在日化领域应用面临的问题与挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望,为我国科研人员充分利用优势矿物资源,进一步开发出高技术含量的日化产品提供参考。

关键词: 纤维型黏土, 海泡石, 坡缕石, 凹凸棒石, 日用化学产品

Abstract:

Fiber-type clays, including sepiolite and palygorskite （also wknown as attapulgite）, are a type of natural one-dimensional clay mineral with fibrous crystal structure and water-rich magnesium aluminosilicate. China has the largest mineral reserves of attapulgite in the world, about 460 million tons of proven reserves, accounting for more than 70% of the world’s total reserves. Special crystal structures （rods, fibers or fiber assemblies） and neatly arranged nano-pores endow fiber-type clays with excellent ion exchange capacity, adsorption properties, rheological regulation and carrier functions, which hold enormous potential to be exploited for application in the field of daily chemistry. In recent years, the application of fiber clay in personal care products, detergents and other daily chemical consumer products is growing rapidly. Attapulgite has been used as a natural mineral ingredient in toothpaste, facial mask, face cream, shampoo and facial cleanser for oil controlling, skin cleansing and anti-microbial functionalities. In this paper, the application characteristics and related mechanisms of fiber-type clay minerals in daily chemical industry are reviewed from the aspects of rheological modification, UV protection, coloration, bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation, controlled adsorption and release as well as the related toxicological issues. The current problems and challenges of fiber-type clays in daily chemical industry are summarized, which provide important references for Chinese researchers to make full use of this type of characteristic clay minerals and to further develop high-tech and high-value daily chemical products.

Key words: fiber-type clay, sepiolite, palygorskite, attapulgite, daily chemical products

中图分类号:

TQ658

唐颖,张兆伦,曹力化,熊紫怡,张茜,冯拥军. 纤维型黏土在日化领域的应用研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业, 2022, 52(3): 302-308.

Tang Ying,Zhang Zhaolun,Cao Lihua,Xiong Ziyi,Zhang Xi,Feng Yongjun. Research progress on application of fiber-type clays in daily chemical industrial products[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(3): 302-308.

图/表 2

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名称	结构式	颜色	比表面积/（m²/g）	纤维长度/μm	成矿及形貌特点	国内分布
海泡石	Si₂O₃₀Mg₈（OH） ₄（OH₂） ₄·8H₂O	白色、浅灰色	300	长1~10,宽约0.01	沉积-风化产物,外观光滑,长径比较大,结晶度高,多呈纤维状或纤维集合体	湖南、河南、河北、江西
坡缕石/凹凸棒石	Si₈Mg₅O₂₀（OH） ₂（OH₂） ₄·4H₂O	白色、浅褐色	150~210	坡缕石：长0.5~5,宽0.05~0.15; 凹凸棒石：长1~2,宽0.1~0.5	坡缕石：水热蚀变反应产物,外观柔软,结晶度好,纤维较长,多呈纤维状或纤维集合体; 凹凸棒石：沉积产物,外观致密如黏土,结晶度差,纤维较短,多呈棒状	甘肃、贵州、江苏、安徽