Table of Content

22 September 2019, Volume 49 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Construction of N-erucamido-N, N-dimethylamine and benzoic acid fracturing fluid system KANG Wan-li,LI Xin-xin,ZHAO Yi-lu,WANG Peng-xiang,HOU Xiao-yu,YANG Hong-bin 2019, 49 (9):  555-560.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.001 Abstract ( 334 )   HTML ( 61 )   PDF (1320KB) ( 373 )   The N-erucamido-N, N-dimethylamine（EA） and benzoic acid（BA） were used to construct the EABA system. The effects of pH value and EABA concentration on its rheological behavior were studied by rheometer. The morphology of micro-aggregates was observed by Cryo-TEM. The system was used to prepare a clean fracturing fluid and its performance was evaluated. Results show that the optimum viscoelastic pH of the EABA system is 6.17. At this time, the structure of “pseudo” gemini surfactant is formed in the system with the formation of worm-like micelles. The viscoelasticity increases with the increase of concentration and the increase becomes slower after reaching 50 mmol/L. After shearing at 90 ℃ and 170 s -1 for 2 h, the viscosity of 50 mmol/L EABA clean fracturing fluid is stable at 35 mPa·s, and the shear recovery and proppant-carrying performance are good. The breaking fluid viscosity is 2.1 mPa·s within 10 min, which meets the requirements of clean fracturing fluid. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Interactions between surfactants and nanoparticles and the construction of smart systems（III）Interactions between oppositely charged nanoparticles and ionic surfactants（ii）Construction of stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams by using ordinary commercial surfactants ZHANG Wan-qing,JIANG Jian-zhong,CUI Zheng-gang 2019, 49 (9):  561-571.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.002 Abstract ( 562 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (3174KB) ( 422 )   In aqueous media, ionic surfactants tend to adsorb at oppositely charged inorganic nanoparticle/water interface via electrostatic interaction. The originally strongly hydrophilic nanoparticles thus become surface active by means of the hydrophobization in situ, which can then adsorb at oil（air）/water interface to stabilize Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams. If the hydrophobization can be removed, or the surfactants can be made desorb from particle surface, via some triggers, the particles will lose surface activity and desorb from oil（air）/water interface, resulting in demulsification and defoaming. If this process can be cycled for many times, stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions/foams will be obtained. This lecture will discuss how to construct such stimuli-responsive systems by using commercial surfactants and ordinary nanoparticles such as silica nanoparticles and alumina nanoparticles, mainly triggered by ion pair formation and pH. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Synthesis and properties of the modified silicone emulsifier with branched-silicone-polyether and alkyl group HE Tong,YANG Cheng 2019, 49 (9):  572-578.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.003 Abstract ( 465 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1210KB) ( 604 )   The vinyltris（trimethylsiloxy）silane（branched-silicone）was synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of triethoxyvinylsilane and ethoxytrimethylsilane. The modified silicone emulsifier was synthesized through hydrosilylation reactions, using hexachloroplatinic acid as catalyst, isopropanol as solvent, and polymethylhydrosiloxane, vinyltris（trimethylsiloxy）silane, allyl polyther and 1-dodecene as raw materials. The structure of the modified silicone was characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. The effects of reaction temperature（T）, time（t）, catalyst dosage and material ratio on the conversion were investigated. The effects of the structure of modified silicone emulsifier on the stability of water-in-oil emulsion was also studied. The results show that the conversion is 94.97% when T=95 ℃, t=5 h, the catalyst dosage of 0.20% and n（Si-H）∶n（C=C content of the mixture）=1∶1.1. When the HLB value of the emulsifier is equal to 5 and n（branched-silicone）∶n（alkyl）=25∶75, stable water-in-oil emulsion can be prepared by using the mixed oil phase composed of silicone oil, ester oil and hydrocarbon oil. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of process conditions for synthesis of cationic guar gum by microwave-assisted semi-dry method ZHANG Chun-xiao,TANG Yi-fei,WANG Xiang-peng 2019, 49 (9):  579-584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.004 Abstract ( 428 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1121KB) ( 565 )   Cationic guar gum（CGG） was synthesized with guar gum（GG） as raw materials, 2,3-epoxypr-opyltrimethylammonium chloride（GTA） as cationic etherifying agent and sodium hydroxide as catalyst by microwave-assisted semi-dry method, and characterized by IR and NMR . The results show that microwave-assisted etherification of guar gum shortens the reaction time to 1/5 of that in the traditional cationic guar gum synthesis method, which greatly improves the reaction efficiency. The optimum synthesis conditions were as follows:microwave power 640 W, microwave irradiation reaction time 45 min, mass ratio of alkali liquor to guar gum 0.08∶1, microwave temperature 60 ℃. Under these optimized conditions, the nitrogen content of cationic guar gum is 1.23%. Viscosity experiment shows that the cationic guar gum synthesized by microwave-assisted semi-dry method has good water solubility and its viscosity can reach up to 7 000 mpa·s. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair effect on SOD enzyme and anti-inflammatory activity of the platycladus orientalis extract TANG Jie,YANG Hai-yan,LI Li,MA Dong-yue,DONG Ting-ting,XIONG Li-dan 2019, 49 (9):  585-589.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.005 Abstract ( 512 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1275KB) ( 459 )   In order to explore the repair of cell damage and anti-inflammatory effects of the platycladus orientalis extract（CBY）, SDS was used to stimulate HaCaT cells to establish an injury model and LPS was used to induce RAW264.7 cells to construct an inflammatory model. After that, CBY was added to repair the SOD activity of damaged HaCaT cells and decrease the inflammatory factors of RAW264.7. The results show that HaCaT cells are damaged to a certain extent after being stimulated by SDS, and the enzyme activity of intracellular SOD is decreased. The addition of platycladus orientalis extract has repair effect on the enzyme activity of SOD with the highest repair rate of 85.6%. Besides, there is high expression of inflammatory factors（NO, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α）in RAW264.7 cells after the addition of LPS, while all the factors are decreased with the addition of platycladus orientalis extract, which suggested that the platycladus orientalis extract has anti-inflammatory effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of laureth-6 carboxylic acid on soap-based facial cleansing foam LI Fang-fang,TANG Xiao-qin,CHEN Ming-hua 2019, 49 (9):  590-596.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.006 Abstract ( 1478 )   HTML ( 59 )   PDF (1291KB) ( 1444 )   Cleansing foam is favored by consumers for its convenient use and delicate foam. Based on the soap-based system, the effect of laureth-6 carboxylic acid and pH on foaming capacity and foaming stability of the system were studied. Meanwhile, the effect of laureth-6 carboxylic acid on the skin feeling of the soap-based system was also estimated. Under the condition that the total mass fraction of fatty acid is 9%（with the mass ratio of lauric acid and myristic acid is 2∶1）, it shows that foaming capacity and foaming stability of the system are excellent when the mass fraction of lauric acid, myristic acid and laureth-6 carboxylic acid is 4%, 2% and 3% respectively. The pH value has little influence on the system, and the optimum foaming capacity and foaming stability can be reached at the pH value of 9.55. After the consumer research, it is found that lauryeth-6 carboxylic acid can significantly improve the dry skin feel of soap-based facial cleansing foam after washing, and promote the application of the soap-based cleansing foam. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation on the efficacy of a sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis YAN Jing-hua 2019, 49 (9):  597-600.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.007 Abstract ( 753 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (764KB) ( 597 )   The effects of sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice on gingivitis and plaque were studied. The study was a double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial in which 80 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups, i.e. the test group and the control group. The test group used sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice, while the control group used commercial dentifrice without sodium bicarbonate. Gingival Index（GI）, Plaque Index（PI）, and Bleeding Index（BI）of all subjects at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12 were recorded and analyzed. Significant difference（P<0.05）was observed on PI improvement between test and control groups at week 4, week 8 and week 12 in favor of test group. Significant difference（P<0.05）of GI and BI improvement between two groups was observed only at week 12 in favor of test group. These results suggested that sodium-bicarbonate-containing dentifrice had a certain effect in controlling symptoms of plaque and gingivitis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress on reactive polymeric surfactants LYU Bin,LIU Hui-hui,LI Peng-fei,GAO Dang-ge,MA Jian-zhong 2019, 49 (9):  601-608.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.008 Abstract ( 427 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1517KB) ( 517 )   The synthetic methods of reactive polymeric surfactants were introduced, including addition/condensation, ring-opening polymerization, free radical polymerization and active controlled radical polymerization. The research progress of reactive polymeric surfactants was reviewed in the aspects of polymerizable polymeric surfactants, polymeric surfactant initiators, polymeric surfactant modifiers and polymeric surfactant cross-linking agents. Finally, the development trend of reactive polymeric surfactants was prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual optimization and creative design of graphic elements in laundry powder packaging bags DUAN Jing 2019, 49 (9):  609-613.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.009 Abstract ( 301 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (910KB) ( 477 )   This paper presents a visual optimization creative design method for graphic elements of laundry powder packaging bags. The physical layer elements of the laundry powder packaging were established, and the presentation mode of the packaging graphics was analyzed. Finally, the principle of visual optimization creative design of the graphic elements was optimized. The optimization results show that this method can complete the creative design of graphic elements of laundry powder packaging, making the laundry powder packaging unique and practical. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Janus micro/nanoparticles XUE Wei,WU Jiang-hong,DU Zhi-ping 2019, 49 (9):  614-620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.010 Abstract ( 664 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1317KB) ( 472 )   Surfactants are a very important class of additives in industrial field. However, the issues of separation and recycling are extremely challenging. Janus particle, with asymmetric property or architecture, is a novel type of interfacial active material. Janus particle not only exhibits interfacial activity which is similar to surfactant molecule, but also possesses significantly higher mass than that of surfactants, which might be utilized to overcome the before mentioned problems and might be applied as a candidate for surfactants. The methods for preparation of Janus particles were reviewed, such as template, phase separation, emulsion polymerization, self-assembly, wet chemistry and microfluidic methods. The development directions of Janus particles in the future were also prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in imported sunscreen cosmetics LI Shuo,DAI Jing,LI Li,WANG Gang-li 2019, 49 (9):  621-626.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.09.011 Abstract ( 503 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1204KB) ( 550 )   Nanoparticles（NPs）of zinc oxide（nano-ZnO）and titanium dioxide（nano-TiO2）have been widely used as raw materials in sunscreen cosmetics. The special physico-chemical properties of NPs may lead to potential risks to the human body, and thus their safety has received extensive attention recently. For some sunscreen cosmetics, only the words zinc oxide（ZnO）and/or titanium dioxide（TiO2）are labeled on the composition table, and there is no information about being nano-sized or not. Quantitative analysis of ZnO and TiO2 was carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, respectively, for 50 batches of commercial imported sunscreen cosmetics. The morphologies of the ZnO and TiO2 NPs were characterized by a high resolution transmission electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that NPs were observed in 44 batches of samples among the 50 batches of samples in total. However, none of these commercial products is labeled for the existence of NPs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics