多聚季铵盐表面活性剂型清洁压裂液的制备与性能评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Multi-quaternary ammonium surfactants exhibit favorable viscoelasticity and shear resistance, making them excellent thickeners for preparing clean fracturing fluids. In this work, a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant （CTAN） was synthesized by using 3-methylamino-1, 2- propanediol, epichlorohydrin and octadecyldimethylamine as raw materials. Its surface activity was measured, and the effects of concentration, temperature and counterions on the viscosity of CTAN solutions were investigated. After optimization, a mixed system suitable as the main agent for clean fracturing fluids was obtained, consisting of 3% CTAN and 0.66% sodium salicylate （NaSal）. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration of CTAN at room temperature was 0.5 mmol/L, with corresponding equilibrium surface tension of 27.2 mN/m. The viscosity of CTAN solutions increased monotonically with concentration before reaching a plateau. When the CTAN concentration reached 6%, the viscosity was raised to 4 740.1 mPa·s. As for the effect of temperature, the viscosity of the solution of 3% CTAN first increased and then decreased with the rising temperature, reaching a maximum of 1 873.2 mPa·s at 40 ℃, indicative of good thickening performance. Compared with KCl, NaSal exhibited a much more significant viscosity-enhancing effect on the 3% CTAN solution. At 40 ℃ and the shear rate of 20 s^-1, the presence of 0.66% NaSal could increase the viscosity of the 3% CTAN solution from 1 873.2 mPa·s to 5 827.3 mPa·s. Furthermore, the 3% CTAN solution with 0.66% NaSal also showed favorable viscoelasticity, rheological properties, and sand-suspension performance. At room temperature, the settling rate of proppant particles （sand-fluid ratio of 1.5 : 8.5） in this CTAN/NaSal mixed system was 0.015 cm/min. The addition of NaSal had promoted the transformation of molecular self-assembled structures of CTAN from spherical to worm-like morphologies, which was consistent with the microscopic morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy on the freeze-dried solution.

Key words: multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant, viscoelasticity, rheology, sand suspension

CLC Number:

TQ423

Jing Cao, Jiajie Chai, Didong Wang, Ximei Liang, Weiwei Han, Sanbao Dong. Preparation of a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant and its potential for application in clean fracturing fluids[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(10): 1310-1317.

Figures/Tables 14

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	N/%	C/%	H/%	O/%
理论值	4.57	65.29	11.75	6.96
实测值	4.43	65.09	11.68	7.15

砂液比	沉降速率/ （cm/min）
1.5:8.5	0.015
2:8	0.021
2.5:7.5	0.053

Preparation of a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant and its potential for application in clean fracturing fluids

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