当期目录

2016年, 第46卷, 第1期　刊出日期：2016-01-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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氨基有机硅表面活性剂的合成及其CO2驱油性能研究 Study on the synthesis of organosilicone surfactants and their performance in CO2 flooding action 李凡,罗跃,丁康乐,汪庐山,刘承杰,刘巍,刘磊 2016 (1):  1-7.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.001 摘要 ( 259 )   PDF(863KB) ( 330 )   以烯丙基聚乙二醇、环氧氯丙烷、含氢硅油和有机胺为主要原料,制备了6种有机硅表面活性剂ASiE-500,ASiD2-500,ASiD4-500,ASiE-700,ASiD2-700和ASiD4-700。采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行表征,对目标产物进行了表/界面性质以及CO2驱油实验的研究。实验结果表明,所制备的6种有机硅表面活性剂均具有较低的表面张力,产物ASiE-500水溶液在25 ℃下的表面张力最低可达25.3 mN/m;随NaCl和MgCl2质量分数的增大,6种有机硅表面活性剂的表面张力有上升趋势;6种有机硅表面活性剂溶液与胜利油田G89区块原油的界面张力分别为0.025,0.30,0.50,0.11,0.43和0.63 mN/m;选用表面活性较好的ASiE-500进行CO2驱油实验,能进一步提高原油采收率11.44%。 Six kinds of organosilicone surfactant,ASiE-500,ASiD2-500,ASiD4-500,ASiE-700,ASiD2-700 and ASiD4-700 were synthesized with allyl polyethylene glycol,epoxy chloropropane,hydrogen-containing silicone oil and organic amines as main starting materials.The targeted products were characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR.Then their surface tension and interfacial tension were investigated.Afterwards,their application in CO2 flooding laboratory experiment was conducted and examined.Results of the experiments showed that solutions of the targeted products display lower surface tension,and in which,solution of the targeted product ASiE-500 displays lowest surface tension of 25.3 mN/m at 25 ℃.With the increase of concentration of NaCl and/or MgCl2,the surface tension of solution of the targeted products rises.The interfacial tension between the crude oil produced from Section G89 of Shengli Oilfield and solution of the above said targeted products was measured as 0.025,0.30,0.50,0.11,0.43 and 0.63 mN/m respectively.By choosing ASiE-500 that displays better activity to do the CO2 flooding,the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can be further improved for 11.44%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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乙酸辛酯的合成及其动力学研究 Kinetics of synthesis of octyl acetate 刘群,丁斌,关昶,王海东,李祥,郝凤岭 2016 (1):  8-12.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.002 摘要 ( 299 )   PDF(806KB) ( 301 )   以阳离子交换树脂NKC-9为催化剂,乙酸和辛醇为原料合成乙酸辛酯,考察乙酸和辛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对辛醇转化率的影响,以及催化剂的重复使用性能。结果显示,乙酸辛酯合成的较佳工艺条件为:n(乙酸)∶n(辛醇)＝4∶1,反应时间为3 h,催化剂用量为乙酸和辛醇总质量的6%,反应温度为118~120 ℃,在此条件下辛醇转化率可达96.80%,且催化剂活化后可重复使用。分别采用正反应常数法和初始反应速率法测定阳离子交换树脂NKC-9催化合成乙酸辛酯的动力学模型参数,获得了可逆二级动力学方程的参数,表观活化能和指前因子分别为:正反应常数法Ea=38.74 kJ/mol,k0=7.45×102 L/(mol·min);初始反应速率法Ea=37.45 kJ/mol,k0=4.79×103 L/(mol·min)。2种方法测定结果基本一致,印证了该理论数据的可靠性。 Octyl acetate was prepared with acetic acid and 1-octyl alcohol as starting materials,and cationic exchange resin NKC-9 as catalyst.Effect of reaction conditions,such as mole ratio of acetic acid to 1-octyl alcohol,catalyst dosage and reaction time on conversion as well as reusing performance of the catalyst were investigated.Results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were as following:mole ratio,n(acetic acid)∶n(1-octyl alcohol)=4∶1;dosage of cationic exchange resin NKC-9,6% of the total mass of acetic acid and 1-octyl alcohol;reaction temperature,118-120 ℃;reaction time,3 h.Under such conditions the conversion of 1-octyl alcohol can reach 96.80%.The catalyst can be activated and reused.The parameters of the kinetic model were determined by both positive reaction equilibrium constant method and initial reaction rate method;and the parameters for the reversible second-order reaction of this system were evaluated.With positive reaction equilibrium constant method,the frequency factor k0 was obtained as 7.45×102 L/(mol·min) and the apparent activation energy Ea was obtained as 38.74 kJ/mol.With initial reaction rate method the k0 was obtained as 4.79×103 L/(mol·min) and the Ea was obtained as 37.45 kJ/mol.These two kinds of methods substantially confirmed each other and can assure that the data are reliable. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅰ)——性能、合成(生产)及应用概述 Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅰ) Performance,syntheses (production) and applications 肖进新,邢航 2016 (1):  13-20.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.003 摘要 ( 321 )   PDF(1322KB) ( 499 )   介绍了氟表面活性剂和含氟聚合物的基本概念、类型与结构、重要物理化学性质、重要的工业生产方法以及在工业和高科技领域的应用。简单介绍了它们目前遇到的环境安全问题及对策。 The fundamental concept,classification and structure,major physicochemical properties,industrial production methods,as well as applications in industrial and high technological fields of fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers were introduced.Their current environmental problems and the counter-measures in this field were briefed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表面活性剂的性能与应用(ⅩⅩⅤ) ——表面活性剂在纺织工业中的应用 Performance and applications of surfactants (ⅩⅩⅤ) Applications of surfactants in textile industry 谭婷婷,赵莉,张华涛,徐宝财 2016 (1):  21-25.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.004 摘要 ( 290 )   PDF(732KB) ( 306 )   纺织工业是表面活性剂在工业方面的最大用户之一,表面活性剂在其中扮演着多重角色。详细介绍了表面活性剂作为洗净剂、润湿剂和渗透剂、退浆剂、染色剂、防水防油剂在纺织工业中的应用,并对纺织工业用表面活性剂的发展前景进行了展望。 The applications of surfactants as cleaning agent,wetting and penetrating agent,desizing agent,dyeing and finishing auxiliaries as well as water and oil proofing agent in textile industry were introduced.The development outlooks of surfactants for applications in textile industry were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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聚甘油改性有机硅的合成及性能研究 Synthesis and performance of polyglycerol modified polysiloxane 朱艳艳,王万绪,杜志平,王国永,秦洁琼 2016 (1):  26-29.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.005 摘要 ( 338 )   PDF(909KB) ( 360 )   以烯丙基缩水甘油醚和二聚甘油为原料,在KOH的作用下制备烯丙基聚甘油醚(APGE),然后以异丙醇为溶剂,氯铂酸为催化剂,利用APGE与含氢硅油(PHMS)进行硅氢加成反应合成了一种聚甘油改性有机硅化合物。对反应中间体及产物的结构进行了表征,并对产物的表面活性、吸附性能和铺展性能进行了研究。结果表明,目标产物的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为144.1 mg/L,γcmc为23.0 mN/m,且其质量浓度为4倍cmc时,其水溶液在石蜡表面的接触角可降至23°。 Firstly,allyl polyglycerin ether (APGE),as intermediate,was synthesized with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and diglycerol (DGY) as starting materials and KOH as catalyst.Then the APGE was hydrosilylated with polyhydromethyl siloxane (PHMS) in the presence of hexachloroplatinic acid as catalyst and isopropanol as solvent to form a kind of polyglycerol modified polysiloxane (APGE-PHMS) as the targeted product.Structure of the intermediate as well as the targeted product was characterized and the surface activity,adsorption performance and spread out performance of APGE-PHMS were investigated.The surface activity of the aqueous solution of the targeted product at 25 ℃ shows cmc 144.1 mg/L and γcmc 23.0 mN/m.When mass concentration of the aqueous solution of the targeted product achieves 4 multiples of its cmc,the dynamic contact angle over paraffin surface at temperature of 25 ℃ can be reduced to 23°. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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荧光增白剂对洗衣液国标去污力及循环洗涤性能测试的影响 Influence of fluorescent brightening agent on determination of standard detergency and cycle of washing performance for liquid detergent 姚晨之,李晓辉,张靖峰,彭丽媛,林尚鹏 2016 (1):  30-34.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.006 摘要 ( 293 )   PDF(880KB) ( 344 )   在标准洗衣液中添加不同种类和用量的荧光增白剂,根据GB/T 13174-2008进行国标去污力和循环洗涤性能测试。结果表明,若测试光源中包含紫外光,添加荧光增白剂的标准洗衣液的去污力和循环洗涤性能测试结果明显好于标准洗衣液,且荧光增白剂添加量增大,去污值和白度保持值增大;若测试光源中不包含紫外光,两者的去污力和循环洗涤性能测试结果并无明显差异。可见,荧光增白剂没有去污作用和抗污垢再沉积作用,但会显著提高国标去污力和循环洗涤性能的测试值。若要更加合理评价产品去污力,有必要按照GB/T 13174-2008进行洗涤,采用色度仪在不包含紫外光(滤除400 nm以下光源)的光源下测试,或者在含紫外光的正常光源下测试,但使用含有荧光增白剂的标准洗衣液作为参比。同时,GB/T 13174-2008未对白度计型号作出统一规定,使用不同规格的白度计测量添加荧光增白剂的洗涤剂产品时,将有不同的去污力和循环洗涤性能测试结果,建议尽快完善该标准。 According to GB/T 13174-2008,standard detergency and cycle of washing performance of reference liquid detergents appended with separate kinds and concentrations of fluorescent brightening agent were tested.Results showed that standard detergency and cycle of washing performance of the reference liquid detergents containing fluorescent brightening agent are significantly better than the reference liquid detergents if UV containing light source is used.Meanwhile,the more the dosage of fluorescent brightening agent,the higher the value of detergency and brilliance preserved.There are no obvious differences in standard detergency and cycle of washing performance between them if the light source does not include UV.It is clear that fluorescent brightening agent does not display detergency and anti soil re-precipitation performance,but it will improve the determination results of standard detergency and cycle of washing performance of liquid detergent obviously.The essential suggestions of more reasonable evaluation of detergency are that when washing is proceeded according to GB/T 13174-2008,the samples are tested by colorimeter under the illuminant without UV (in this case,the illuminant with wavelength lower than 400 nm has been filtered out),or the samples are tested under the illuminant with UV,but by using liquid detergents appended with fluorescent brightening agent as the reference.Meanwhile,there is no unified stipulation with respect to type and specification of the brightness meter to be used in GB/T 13174-2008.Different data of detergency and brightness preserved after cycle of washing will be obtained if the detergents appended with fluorescent brightening agent are tested with brightness meter of different types or specification.Therefore,the regulations in GB/T 13174-2008 should be revised for improvement as soon as possible. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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杜仲预防UVB致人成纤维细胞光老化的作用及基因水平的机制探讨 Action of Eucommia ulmoides extract for prevention of photo-aging damage of human skin fibroblast cells induced by UVB and exploration of its mechanism at genetic level 陈默,赵亚,孙懿 2016 (1):  35-38.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.007 摘要 ( 229 )   PDF(793KB) ( 366 )   以UVB辐射体外培养的人成纤维细胞,探讨了杜仲乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部分(简称杜仲提取物)预防人成纤维细胞光老化的作用,并利用基因芯片对其可能的作用机制进行了探索。实验结果表明,杜仲提取物可以减少UVB对人成纤维细胞活性的影响,具有较好的预防光老化的作用,且基因芯片结果提示这种防护作用可能与提高细胞的抗氧化、DNA修复、抗凋亡有关,同时可能还具有一定促进细胞增殖和预防黑素细胞瘤的作用。 Based upon test with irradiation of UVB on human skin fibroblast cells (HSFs) cultivated in vitro,the action of ethyl acetate extract from ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides (hereinafter refers to as the Eucommia ulmoides extract) for prevention of photo-aging damage of HSFs was explored;and its possible action mechanism was searched by utilizing cDNA microarray.Experimental results showed that the Eucommia ulmoides extract can reduce the effect of UVB on the HSBs and displays rather good action for preventing photo-aging damage.Further,the cDNA microarray test results demonstrated that possibly,such prevention action may correlates with the enhancement of antioxidation capacity of the HSFs,the DNA repairing system,and the capacity for suppression of apoptosis.Meanwhile,it may have the action for promoting cell proliferation and preventing the growth of melanoma. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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生物基细菌纤维素/膨润土无机凝胶复合材料的制备 Preparation of bio-based bacterial cellulose/inorganic gel of bentonite composite 王波,黄超,杨小燕,罗峻,陈新德 2016 (1):  39-43.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.008 摘要 ( 302 )   PDF(1809KB) ( 313 )   通过向以水稀释3倍体积的玉米芯水解液中加入膨润土无机凝胶,利用木醋杆菌原位发酵技术制得细菌纤维素/膨润土无机凝胶复合材料,并对其微观形貌进行表征,对发酵液的pH、产量、糖转化率和持水量进行了测试。结果表明:扫描电子显微镜照片显示膨润土无机凝胶吸附于细菌纤维素的表面和孔内;发酵液的pH随膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而上升并最终保持在8左右;产量随膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而增大;糖转化率随膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而减小;复合材料的持水量随着膨润土无机凝胶添加量的增大而减小。 Bio-based bacterial cellulose (BC)/inorganic gel of bentonite (IGB) composite was prepared by adding IGB into corncob hydrolysate,which was pre-diluted three multiples with water,and then in situ fermented by Acetobacter xylinum.Micro-morphological characteristics of the product were characterized.Yield and water holding capacity of the product,inversion of the saccharides as well as pH value of the fermentation broth were examined.The SEM images showed that the IGB is adsorbed on the surface of the BC as well as in the pores of the BC.Moreover,with the increase of addition amount of IGB,the pH value of the fermentation broth raises and finally maintains around 8,yield of the product increases,while inversion of the saccharides and water holding capacity of the product decreases. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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柯里拉京对B16细胞增殖及酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用 Inhibition of corilagin on the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells and tyrosinase activity 黄海潮,郑公铭,王如意,张显策,李忠军,刘纲勇,傅中 2016 (1):  44-47.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.009 摘要 ( 305 )   PDF(2081KB) ( 302 )   采用体外培养B16细胞,在柯里拉京作用不同时间后,用MTT(四甲基偶氮唑蓝)法检测柯里拉京对B16细胞生长的影响;用多巴氧化法检测柯里拉京对B16细胞中酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用;用形态学和Hoechst33258染色法观察柯里拉京对B16细胞生长形态的影响。结果表明,柯里拉京对B16细胞增殖的抑制作用明显,其作用12,24和48 h的IC50分别是35.63,25.78和20.94 mg/L;对作用于B16细胞中酪氨酸酶12,24和48 h时的IC50分别是16.38,14.00和13.85 mg/L;形态学观察表明,当ρ(柯里拉京)＞16 mg/L作用24 h时,B16细胞损伤明显;Hoechst33258染色显示,当ρ(柯里拉京)≤16 mg/L作用24 h时,B16细胞呈现凋亡形态。 B16 melanoma cells were cultivated in vitro.After the B16 melanoma cells were treated by corilagin for different time periods,the effect of corilagin on growth rate of proliferation of B16 cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and inhibition of corilagin on tyrosinase activity in B16 cells was detected by Dopa oxidation.Effect of corilagin on B16 cell morphology was detected with morphological observation and Hoechst33258 staining.Results showed that proliferation of B16 cells treated for 12,24 and 48 h with corilagin was inhibited with IC50 at 35.63,25.78 and 20.94 mg/L respectively;tyrosinase activity in the B16 cells treated for 12,24 and 48 h with corilagin was inhibited with IC50 at 16.38,14.00 and 13.85 mg/L respectively;B16 cells treated for 24 h with corilagin over 16 mg/L showed typical characteristics of cell injury by morphological observation;B16 cells treated for 24 h with corilagin no more than 16 mg/L showed typical characteristics of cell apoptosis by Hoechst33258 staining. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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加酶液体清洗剂的研究进展 Progress in field of liquid detergent formulated with enzyme 鲍艳,张雪 2016 (1):  48-52.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.010 摘要 ( 267 )   PDF(892KB) ( 406 )   综述了加酶液体清洗剂的研究进展。首先阐述了不同酶制剂在液体清洗剂中的应用与发展,并对酶的性能进行了总结与对比;然后归纳了酶与底物的作用机理,并对影响加酶液体清洗剂稳定性的因素进行了总结;最后提出了加酶液体清洗剂的发展方向。 A comprehensive overview of the progress in field of liquid detergent formulated with enzyme was provided.Firstly,the applications and research status of different enzymes in detergents were reviewed;meanwhile the different performances of the enzymes were summarized and commented.Then the reaction mechanism of enzyme with substrate was described;the main factors affecting on the stability of enzyme were also reviewed.At last,the future research trends of liquid detergent formulated with enzyme were prospected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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N-酰基肌氨酸钠的合成工艺现状 Current situation with respect to synthesis technology of sodium N-acyl sarcosinate 俞芳 2016 (1):  53-57.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.011 摘要 ( 372 )   PDF(723KB) ( 481 )   综述了N-酰基肌氨酸钠的合成工艺及产品分析检测方法。重点介绍了N-酰基肌氨酸钠的间接合成法(即肖顿-鲍曼(Schotten-Baumann)缩合反应方法),该方法根据反应条件可分为:水相滴加脂肪酰氯和氢氧化钠溶液法、有机溶剂-水混合相滴加脂肪酰氯和氢氧化钠溶液法和一次加入氢氧化钠溶液水相滴加脂肪酰氯法,对比讨论了3种合成方法的优缺点。同时对N-酰基肌氨酸钠产品的质量分析方法进行了比较。 Synthesis process technology and analytical method of sodium N-acyl sarcosinate product were summarized.Indirect synthesis method (Schotten-Baumann condensation) was emphatically introduced.In accordance to the operating conditions,the process can be classified into three ways,dropwise addition of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and fatty acyl chloride into aqueous phase of sodium sarcosinate solution,dropwise addition of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and fatty acyl chloride into a mixed phase composed of sodium sarcosinate solution and an organic solvent as well as addition of all sodium hydroxide solution first into the aqueous phase of sodium sarcosinate solution and then dropwise addition of fatty acyl chloride into the mixed aqueous phase.Advantages and disadvantages of the three ways were discussed.Various analysis methods for sodium N-acyl sarcosinate product quality control were compared. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定清洁类化妆品中的环氧丙烷 Determination of propylene oxide in cleaning cosmetics by HS-GC/MS 王琪慧,李铭,詹雪芳 2016 (1):  58-60.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.01.012 摘要 ( 366 )   PDF(741KB) ( 378 )   建立了顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法(HS-GC/MS)测定清洁类化妆品中的环氧丙烷的方法。实验研究了平衡温度、平衡时间和盐类对环氧丙烷测定结果的影响。结果表明,较佳分析条件为称取试样20.0 g于50 mL的容量瓶中,加入10.0 g NaCl,加超纯水定容至50 mL,移取5 mL至22 mL顶空瓶中,超声混匀2 min,于80 ℃平衡10 min后测定;环氧丙烷在0.1~10 mg/L范围内线性良好(R2>0.999 9);该方法检出限为0.002 5 μg/g,定量下限为0.005 μg/g,样品加标平均回收率大于88%。 A method for determination of propylene oxide in cleaning cosmetics by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) was established.The influence of equilibrium temperature,equilibrium time and salts for propylene oxide measurement were investigated.Results showed that the better conditions are as follows:20.0 g of sample and 10.0 g of NaCl are added into 50 mL volumetric flask,and dilute with ultrapure water to 50 mL;transfer 5 mL of this solution to 22 mL headspace vial and mix with assistance of ultrasonic wave irradiation for 2 min,then the determination is to be carried out after the equilibrium at 80 ℃ for 10 min.The relationship between mass concentration and the corresponding peak area in the range of 0.1-10 mg/L shows good linearity (R2>0.999 9).The limit of detection is 0.002 5 μg/g and the limit of quantification is 0.005 μg/g.The average spiked recovery is >88%. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标